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Wölk C, Janich C, Bakowsky U, Langner A, Brezesinski G. Malonic acid based cationic lipids - The way to highly efficient DNA-carriers. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 248:20-34. [PMID: 28842122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Cationic lipids play an important role as non-viral nucleic acid carriers in gene therapy since 3 decades. This review will introduce malonic acid derived cationic lipids as nucleic acid carriers which appeared in the literature dealing with lipofection 10years ago. The family of amino-functionalized branched fatty acid amides will be presented as well as different generations of malonic acid diamides. Both groups of cationic lipids yield lipid mixtures with highly efficient nucleic acid transfer activities in in-vitro cell culture models. The DNA transfer screening of lipid libraries with directed structural variations in the lipophilic as well as in the hydrophilic part of the amphiphiles yields structure/activity relationships. Furthermore, the detailed characterizations of selected lipid composites at the air/water interface and in bulk systems are summarized with regard to transfection determining physical-chemical properties. The findings are also discussed in comparison to results obtained with other families of cationic lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Wölk
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany.
| | - Christopher Janich
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Udo Bakowsky
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, University Marburg, Robert-Koch-Straße 4, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Langner
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Pharmacy, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Strasse 4, 06120 Halle, Saale, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Science Park Potsdam-Golm, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
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Hauff S, Rilfors L, Hottinger G, Vetter W. Structure and absolute configuration of an unsaturated anteiso fatty acid from Bacillus megaterium. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1683-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 01/03/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Thurnhofer S, Hottinger G, Vetter W. Enantioselective Determination of Anteiso Fatty Acids in Food Samples. Anal Chem 2007; 79:4696-701. [PMID: 17508720 DOI: 10.1021/ac0702894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Anteiso fatty acids (aFAs)-long-chain carboxylic acids with a methyl branch on the (n - 2)-carbon-are among the most simple fatty acids that are chiral. The most frequently occurring aFAs in food are 12-methyltetradecanoic acid (a15:0) and 14-methylhexadecanoic acid (a17:0), structures where the asymmetric carbon is more than 10 carbons separated from the polar head group. Previously, only enantioseparation of 4-methyl-substituted carboxylic fatty acids has been reported by gas chromatography. Here we present the first direct partial enantioresolution of synthesized racemic a15:0-a17:0 on a capillary column coated with 50% heptakis(6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-2,3-di-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin diluted in OV1701. Synthesized (S)-(+)-enantiomers were used to demonstrate that the elution order was (R)- prior to (S)-enantiomers. Using this system, food samples (butter, goat's milk fat, suet, human milk, seal oil, cod liver oil) known to contain aFAs were analyzed. Prior to the enantioselective gas chromatography, unsaturated fatty acids were preseparated by urea complexation, silver ion high performance liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC), or both from food samples. The fractions of the food samples enriched with methyl-branched fatty acids were then analyzed by GC/MS in the SIM mode. The measurements confirmed that the (S)-enantiomer of a15:0 (ee >96%), a16:0, and a17:0 (ee >90%, respectively) dominated in all samples. While the (R)-enantiomers could not be identified in samples from ruminants and human milk, their presence could be established in cod liver and seal oil (ee <86%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Thurnhofer
- Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Garbenstrasse 28, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Rezanka T, Dembitsky VM. Multibranched polyunsaturated and very-long-chain fatty acids of freshwater Israeli sponges. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2002; 65:709-713. [PMID: 12027746 DOI: 10.1021/np010504q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Very-long-chain and multibranched polyunsaturated fatty acids of three freshwater sponges, Ephydatia syriaca, Nudospongilla sp., and Cortispongilla barroisi, were studied by silver TLC, GC-MS, UV, IR, HRMS, and NMR methods. One hundred and eighty-five conventional fatty acids were identified by GC-MS, out of which five were new multibranched polyunsaturated fatty acids. The freshwater sponges belonging to the family Spongillidae (class Demospongia) were shown to contain novel di-, tri-, and tetramethyl substituted dienoic, tetraenoic, and hexaenoic fatty acids. The compounds gave positive results in a brine shrimp toxicity assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Rezanka
- Institute of Microbiology, Vídenská 1083, 142 20, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Bringezu F, Rapp G, Dobner B, Nuhn P, Brezesinski G. Stability and Structures of Liquid Crystalline Phases Formed by Branched-Chain Phospholipid Diastereomers. J Phys Chem B 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/jp0042720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Bringezu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Gert Rapp
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Bodo Dobner
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Nuhn
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Eng. II, University of California, Santa Barbara California 93106-5080, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, D-14476 Golm/Potsdam, Germany, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle, D-06099 Halle, Germany
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Abstract
This review of the fundamental developments in gas chromatography (GC) includes articles published from 1996 and 1997 and an occasional citation prior to 1996. The literature was reviewed principally using CA Selects for Gas Chromatography from Chemical Abstracts Service, and some significant articles from late 1997 may be missing from the review. In addition, the online SciSearch Database (Institute for Scientific Information) capability was used to abstract review articles or books. As with the prior recent reviews, emphasis has been given to the identification and discussion of selected developments, rather than a presentation of a comprehensive literature search, now available widely through computer-based resources. During the last two years, several themes emerged from a review of the literature. Multidimensional gas chromatography has undergone transformation encompassing a broad range of activity, including attempts to establish methods using chromatographic principles rather than a totally empirical approach. Another trend noted was a comparatively large effort in chromatographic theory through modeling efforts; these presumably became resurgent with inexpensive and powerful computing tools. Finally, an impressive level of activity was noted through the themes highlighted in this review, and this was particularly true with detectors and field instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Eiceman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003, USA
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