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Zhu P, Li X, Liu Y, Xiong J, Yuan D, Chen Y, Luo L, Huang J, Wang B, Nie Q, Wang S, Dang L, Li S, Shu Y, Zhang W, Zhou H, Fan L, Li Q. Methylation-mediated silencing of EDN3 promotes cervical cancer proliferation, migration and invasion. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1010132. [PMID: 36824133 PMCID: PMC9942821 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1010132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CC) remains one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. However, cervical cancer is preceded by the pre-malignant cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) that can last for up to 20 years before becoming malignant. Therefore, early screening is the key to prevent the progression of cervical lesions into invasive cervical cancer and decrease the incidence. The genes, down-regulated and hypermethylated in cancers, may provide potential drug targets for cervical cancer. In our current study, using the datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, we found that endothelin 3 (EDN3) was downregulated and hypermethylated in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). The further analysis in GSE63514 (n=128) dataset and in our samples (n=221) found that the expression of EDN3 was decreased with the degree of cervical lesions. Pyrosequencing was performed to evaluate 4 CpG sites of the EDN3 promoter region in our samples (n=469). The data indicated that the methylation level of EDN3 was increased with the degree of cervical lesions. EDN3 silencing mediated by methylation can be blocked by 5-Azacytidine (5-Aza), a DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) inhibitor, treatment in cervical cancer cell lines. Ethynyldeoxyuridine (EdU) assay, would-healing assay, clone formation assay and transwell assay were conducted to investigate the biological function of EDN3 in cervical cancer cell lines. The results of these experiments confirmed that overexpression of EDN3 could inhibit the proliferation, clone formation, migration and invasion of cervical cancer cells. EDN3 may provide potential biomarker and therapeutic target for CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Xiang Li
- Department of Gynaecology, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yujie Liu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Xiong
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Li, ; Jing Xiong,
| | - Ding Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- Xiangya Medical Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lili Luo
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Department of Gynaecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Binbin Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Quanfang Nie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loudi Central Hospital, Loudi, China
| | - Shuli Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liying Dang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shu Li
- Xiangya Medical Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Shu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Honghao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Lan Fan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
| | - Qing Li
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Central South University, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Changsha, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Qing Li, ; Jing Xiong,
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Ibrahim J, Peeters M, Van Camp G, Op de Beeck K. Methylation biomarkers for early cancer detection and diagnosis: Current and future perspectives. Eur J Cancer 2023; 178:91-113. [PMID: 36427394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The increase in recent scientific studies on cancer biomarkers has brought great new insights into the field. Moreover, novel technological breakthroughs such as long read sequencing and microarrays have enabled high throughput profiling of many biomarkers, while advances in bioinformatic tools have made the possibility of developing highly reliable and accurate biomarkers a reality. These changes triggered renewed interest in biomarker research and provided tremendous opportunities for enhancing cancer management and improving early disease detection. DNA methylation alterations are known to accompany and contribute to carcinogenesis, making them promising biomarkers for cancer, namely due to their stability, frequency and accessibility in bodily fluids. The advent of newer minimally invasive experimental methods such as liquid biopsies provide the perfect setting for methylation-based biomarker development and application. Despite their huge potential, accurate and robust biomarkers for the conclusive diagnosis of most cancer types are still not routinely used, hence a strong need for sustained research in this field is still needed. This review provides a brief exposition of current methylation biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and early detection, including markers already in clinical use as well as various upcoming ones. It also outlines how recent big data and novel technologies will revolutionise the next generation of cancer tests in supplementing or replacing currently existing invasive techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Ibrahim
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Department of Medical Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Guy Van Camp
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Ken Op de Beeck
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Prins Boudewijnlaan 43, 2650 Edegem, Belgium; Center for Oncological Research, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Wilrijkstraat 10, 2650 Edegem, Belgium.
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3
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Vink FJ, Meijer CJLM, Lissenberg-Witte BI, Visser C, Duin S, Snyman LC, Richter KL, van der Merwe FH, Botha MH, Steenbergen RDM, Dreyer G. Validation of ASCL1 and LHX8 Methylation Analysis as Primary Cervical Cancer Screening Strategy in South African Women with Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:416-423. [PMID: 36366827 PMCID: PMC9907555 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compared with women who are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative, women with human immunodeficiency virus (WWH) have a higher human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and increased cervical cancer risk, emphasizing the need for effective cervical cancer screening in this population. The present study aimed to validate methylation markers ASCL1 and LHX8 for primary screening in a South African cohort of WWH. METHODS In this post hoc analysis within the DIAgnosis in Vaccine And Cervical Cancer Screen (DiaVACCS) study, a South African observational multicenter cohort study, cervical scrape samples from 411 HIV-positive women were analyzed for hypermethylation of ASCL1 and LHX8 genes, HPV DNA, and cytology. Sensitivities, specificities, and positive and negative predictive values of primary methylation-based, HPV-based and cytology-based screening were calculated for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 or higher. RESULTS Single markers ASCL1 and LHX8 resulted in a good performance for the detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 or higher, with sensitivities of 85.9% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.2%-93.6%) and 89.7% (83.0%-96.5%), respectively, and specificities of 72.9% (67.3%-78.5%) and 75.0% (69.5%-80.5%). Combining markers ASCL1 and LHX8 resulted in a lower sensitivity compared with HPV testing (84.6% vs 93.6%, respectively; ratio, 0.90 [95% CI, .82-.99]) and a higher specificity (86.7% vs 78.3%; ratio 1.11 [1.02-1.20]) and reduced the referral rate from 46.8% to 33.4%. ASCL1/LHX8 methylation had a significantly higher sensitivity than cytology (threshold, high-grade intraepithelial squamous lesion or worse), (84.6% vs 74.0%, respectively; ratio, 1.16 [95% CI, 1.01-1.32]) and similar specificity (86.7% vs 91.0%; ratio, 0.95 [.90-1.003]). CONCLUSIONS Our results validate the accuracy of ASCL1/LHX8 methylation analysis for primary screening in WWH, which offers a full-molecular alternative to cytology- or HPV-based screening, without the need for additional triage testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederique J Vink
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- Correspondence: C. J. L. M. Meijer, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV Amsterdam, the Netherlands ()
| | - Birgit I Lissenberg-Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cathy Visser
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Sylvia Duin
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leon C Snyman
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Karin L Richter
- Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria Faculty of Health Sciences, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Frederick H van der Merwe
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Matthys H Botha
- Gynaecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University Faculty of Health Sciences, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam UMC, location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Imaging and Biomarkers, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Vink FJ, Steenbergen RD, Kremer WW, Lissenberg-Witte BI, Heideman DA, Bleeker MC, van Zummeren M, Breytenbach E, Visser C, Lukhwareni A, Meijer CJ, Dreyer G. Posttreatment monitoring by ASCL1/LHX8 methylation analysis in women with HIV treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3. AIDS 2022; 36:953-961. [PMID: 35152224 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with HIV (WWH) have an increased risk to develop recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2/3 (rCIN2/3) after treatment compared with HIV-negative women. Therefore, appropriate posttreatment monitoring of WWH is important. This study evaluates the performance of ASCL1 and LHX8 methylation analysis as posttreatment monitoring test in WWH treated for CIN2/3, as alternative to cytology or human papillomavirus (HPV) as follow-up test. DESIGN Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS WWH treated for CIN2/3 by large loop excision of the transformation zone (LLETZ) (n = 61) were invited for follow-up study visits at 1, 2.5 and 4 years after baseline. Baseline and follow-up cervical scrapes were tested for cytology, HPV and DNA methylation of ASCL1 and LHX8 genes. The performance of these strategies for the detection of rCIN2/3 was evaluated in the first follow-up cervical scrape. RESULTS Thirteen (21.3%) rCIN2/3 lesions were detected within 4 years of follow-up. In women without rCIN2/3 in follow-up, methylation levels of ASCL1 and LHX8 decreased significantly after LLETZ treatment (P = 0.02 and 0.007, respectively). In women with rCIN2/3, methylation levels remained high after LLETZ treatment. The 4-year rCIN2/3 risk was 4.9% (95% CI: 0.6-16.5) for ASCL1/LHX8-negative women, 8.1% (95% CI: 1.7-21.9) for HPV-negative women and 7.7% (95% CI: 2.1-18.5) for cytology-negative women. CONCLUSION A negative ASCL1/LHX8 methylation test in follow-up is associated with a low rCIN2/3 risk and could serve as an objective test of cure and well tolerated alternative for HPV and/or cytology screening in the posttreatment monitoring of WWH.
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Arumugam T, Ramphal U, Adimulam T, Chinniah R, Ramsuran V. Deciphering DNA Methylation in HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:795121. [PMID: 34925380 PMCID: PMC8674454 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.795121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
With approximately 38 million people living with HIV/AIDS globally, and a further 1.5 million new global infections per year, it is imperative that we advance our understanding of all factors contributing to HIV infection. While most studies have focused on the influence of host genetic factors on HIV pathogenesis, epigenetic factors are gaining attention. Epigenetics involves alterations in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. DNA methylation is a critical epigenetic mechanism that influences both viral and host factors. This review has five focal points, which examines (i) fluctuations in the expression of methylation modifying factors upon HIV infection (ii) the effect of DNA methylation on HIV viral genes and (iii) host genome (iv) inferences from other infectious and non-communicable diseases, we provide a list of HIV-associated host genes that are regulated by methylation in other disease models (v) the potential of DNA methylation as an epi-therapeutic strategy and biomarker. DNA methylation has also been shown to serve as a robust therapeutic strategy and precision medicine biomarker against diseases such as cancer and autoimmune conditions. Despite new drugs being discovered for HIV, drug resistance is a problem in high disease burden settings such as Sub-Saharan Africa. Furthermore, genetic therapies that are under investigation are irreversible and may have off target effects. Alternative therapies that are nongenetic are essential. In this review, we discuss the potential role of DNA methylation as a novel therapeutic intervention against HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilona Arumugam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Upasana Ramphal
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Theolan Adimulam
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Romona Chinniah
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine & Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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6
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Albulescu A, Plesa A, Fudulu A, Iancu IV, Anton G, Botezatu A. Epigenetic approaches for cervical neoplasia screening (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1481. [PMID: 34765022 PMCID: PMC8576616 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the leading cause of cervical cancer. The Papanicolaou cytology test is the usually employed type of screening for this infection; however, its sensibility is limited. Only a small percentage of women infected with high-risk HPV develop cervical cancer with an array of genetic and epigenetic modifications. Thus, it is necessary to develop rapid, reproducible and minimally invasive technologies for screening. DNA methylation has gained attention as an alternative method for molecular diagnosis and prognosis in HPV infection. The aim of the present review was to highlight the potential of DNA methylation in cervical neoplasia screening for clinical applications. It was observed that the methylation human and viral genes was correlated with high-grade lesions and cancer. Methylation biomarkers have shown a good capacity to discriminate between high-grade lesions with a transformative potential and cervical cancer, being able to detect these modifications at an early stage. With further research, the epigenetic profiles and subtypes of the tumors could be elaborated, which would aid in therapy selection by opening avenues in personalized precision medicine. Response to therapy could also be evaluated through such methods and the accessibility of liquid biopsies would allow a constant monitoring of the patient's status without invasive sampling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Albulescu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania.,Pharmacology Department, National Institute for Chemical Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Bucharest 031299, Romania
| | - Adriana Plesa
- Department of Molecular Virology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Alina Fudulu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Iulia Virginia Iancu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Gabriela Anton
- Department of Molecular Virology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
| | - Anca Botezatu
- Department of Molecular Virology, Stefan S. Nicolau Institute of Virology, Bucharest 030304, Romania
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van der Zee RP, van Noesel CJM, Martin I, Ter Braak TJ, Heideman DAM, de Vries HJC, Prins JM, Steenbergen RDM. DNA methylation markers have universal prognostic value for anal cancer risk in HIV-negative and HIV-positive individuals. Mol Oncol 2021; 15:3024-3036. [PMID: 33580586 PMCID: PMC8564631 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anal cancer has increasing incidence and is preceded by high‐grade anal intraepithelial neoplasia (HGAIN; AIN2–3). Previously, we identified and validated several methylation markers for accurate detection of anal cancer and HGAIN with cancer risk in HIV‐positive (HIV+) men who have sex with men (MSM). This study aimed to evaluate these markers in HIV‐negative risk groups. A cross‐sectional series of 176 tissue samples of anal cancer, AIN3, AIN2, AIN1 and control biopsies obtained in HIV‐negative women and men was tested for six methylation markers (ASCL1, LHX8, SST, WDR17, ZIC1 and ZNF582). Accuracy for detection of AIN3 and cancer (AIN3+) was determined by univariable and multivariable mixed‐effect ordinal logistic regression. Methylation levels of all markers increased with increasing severity of disease (P < 0.0001) and were comparable to results in HIV+ MSM. All markers showed high accuracy for AIN3+ detection [area under the curve (AUC): 0.83–0.86]. The optimal marker panel (ASCL1 and ZIC1; AUC = 0.85 for AIN3+) detected 98% of cancers at 79% specificity. In conclusion, DNA methylation markers show a high diagnostic performance for AIN3+ detection in HIV+ and HIV‐negative risk groups, justifying broad application of methylation analysis for anal cancer prevention programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramon P van der Zee
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carel J M van Noesel
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivonne Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Timo J Ter Braak
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle A M Heideman
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry J C de Vries
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,STI Outpatient Clinic, Department of Infectious Diseases, Public Health Service of Amsterdam (GGD Amsterdam), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jan M Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske D M Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Kremer WW, Vink FJ, van Zummeren M, Dreyer G, Rozendaal L, Doorbar J, Bleeker MCG, Meijer CJLM. Characterization of cervical biopsies of women with HIV and HPV co-infection using p16 ink4a, ki-67 and HPV E4 immunohistochemistry and DNA methylation. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1968-1978. [PMID: 32249820 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0528-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to characterize cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) in women living with HIV using biomarkers. Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for human papillomavirus (HPV) E4 protein indicates CIN with productive HPV infection, whereas Ki-67 and p16ink4a indicate CIN with transforming characteristics, which may be further characterized using DNA hypermethylation, indicative for advanced transforming CIN. Cervical biopsies (n = 175) from 102 HPV positive women living with HIV were independently reviewed by three expert pathologists. The consensus CIN grade was used as reference standard. IHC staining patterns were scored for Ki-67 (0-3), p16ink4a (0-3), and E4 (0-2) and correlated to methylation levels of four cellular genes in corresponding cervical scrapes. Reference standards and immunoscores were obtained from 165 biopsies:15 no dysplasia, 91 CIN1, 31 CIN2, and 28 CIN3. Ki-67 and p16ink4a scores increased with increasing CIN grade, while E4 positivity was highest in CIN1 and CIN2 lesions. E4 positive CIN1 lesions had higher Ki-67 and p16ink4a scores and higher methylation levels compared with E4 negative CIN1 lesions. E4 positive biopsies with low cumulative Ki-67/p16 ink4a immunoscores (0-3) had significantly higher methylation levels compared with E4 negative biopsies. No significant differences in Ki-67 and p16ink4a scores and methylation levels were observed between E4 negative and positive CIN2 or CIN3 lesions. The presence of high methylation levels in scrapes of CIN lesions with IHC characteristics of both productive (E4 positive) and transforming infections (increased Ki-67/p16ink4a expression) in women living with HIV might indicate a rapid aggressive course of HPV infections towards cancer in these women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wieke W Kremer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederique J Vink
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Zummeren
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Greta Dreyer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Lawrence Rozendaal
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - John Doorbar
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK
| | - Maaike C G Bleeker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chris J L M Meijer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, de Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Dick S, Verhoef L, De Strooper LM, Ciocănea-Teodorescu I, Wisman GBA, Meijer CJ, Bleeker MC, Steenbergen RD, Heideman DA. Evaluation of six methylation markers derived from genome-wide screens for detection of cervical precancer and cancer. Epigenomics 2020; 12:1569-1578. [PMID: 32938193 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To evaluate the triage performance of six host-cell DNA methylation markers derived from two genome-wide discovery screens for detection of cervical precancer (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 3 [CIN]) and cancer. Materials & methods: Human papillomavirus-positive cervical scrapes of controls (≤CIN1; n = 352) and women diagnosed with CIN3 (n = 175) or cervical cancer (n = 50) were analyzed for methylation of ASCL1, LHX8, ST6GALNAC5, GHSR, SST and ZIC1. Results: Methylation levels increased significantly with disease severity (all markers p < 0.001). Three markers (ASCL1, LHX8, ZIC1) showed receiver operating characteristic curves with area under the curve >0.800 after leave-one-out cross-validation. Bi-marker panel ASCL1/LHX8 had highest area under the curve (0.882), and detected 83.4% of CIN3 and all cervical cancers at specificity of 82.4%. Conclusion: All six methylation markers showed an equivalent, high performance for the triage of human papillomavirus-positive women using cervical scrapes with complementarity between markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stèfanie Dick
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lisanne Verhoef
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lise Ma De Strooper
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iuliana Ciocănea-Teodorescu
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Epidemiology & Biostatistics, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Bea A Wisman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Gynaecologic Oncology, Cancer Research Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Chris Jlm Meijer
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Cg Bleeker
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske Dm Steenbergen
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniëlle Am Heideman
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Pathology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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10
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Kremer WW, Steenbergen R, Heideman D, Kenter GG, Meijer C. The use of host cell DNA methylation analysis in the detection and management of women with advanced cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: a review. BJOG 2020; 128:504-514. [PMID: 32619334 PMCID: PMC7818489 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper briefly reviews the role of hypermethylation of host cell genes in cervical carcinogenesis and discusses potential clinical applications of methylation analysis in the management of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) -positive women. We argue that methylation assays can be used: 1. for primary triage of hrHPV-positive women to detect cervical cancer and advanced cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN); 2. as secondary triage for women with minor cytological abnormalities to identify those with the highest risk of CIN3 or worse; 3. as exit test for women leaving the screening programme to identify cervical cancer and advanced CIN; and 4. to support management of CIN. TWEETABLE ABSTRACT: This paper discusses potential clinical applications of DNA methylation analysis in the management of women with a high-risk HPV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Kremer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rdm Steenbergen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dam Heideman
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G G Kenter
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Centre for Gynaecological Oncology Amsterdam, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek-Netherlands Cancer Institute and Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cjlm Meijer
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Centre Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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11
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Kong L, Wang L, Wang Z, Xiao X, You Y, Wu H, Wu M, Liu P, Li L. DNA methylation for cervical cancer screening: a training set in China. Clin Epigenetics 2020; 12:91. [PMID: 32576279 PMCID: PMC7310541 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-020-00885-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite rapid improvements in DNA methylation tools for cervical cancer screening, few robust, exploratory studies have been performed using the combination of two host genes, EPB41L3 and JAM3, newly developed assays. Methods A review of abnormal liquid-based cytology and/or high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) data from outpatient clinics in the study center from March 2018 to March 2019 was performed. Eligible patients with definitive histological pathology results were included, and their residual cytology samples were assessed for EPB41L3 and JAM3 methylation. The diagnostic accuracies of various screening strategies for definitive pathology and for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2 or more severe lesions (CIN2+) were compared. Results In total, 306 patients were successfully tested; 301 cases with cervical histological pathology were included in the final analysis, including 118 (39.2%) and 183 (60.8%) cases of inflammation/CIN1 and CIN2+, respectively. Regarding CIN2+ detection, methylation status and hrHPV plus methylation had similar positive predictive values (0.930 and 0.954, respectively, p = 0.395). Additionally, hrHPV, methylation, and hrHPV plus methylation had similar negative predictive values (0.612, 0.679, and 0.655, p = 0.677) that were significantly higher than that of cytology alone (0.250, p values 0.012, 0.001, and 0.001, respectively). For 49 cases with negative hrHPV results, positive methylation alone was able to differentiate CIN2+ from inflammation/CIN1. Conclusions Methylation of both EPB41L3 and JAM3 is an accurate and feasible screening method for CIN2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Linhai Wang
- Beijing SinoMDgene Technology Co., Ltd., Floor 3, Building14, Guo Sheng Science Park, No. 1 Kangding Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development District, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Ziyun Wang
- Beijing SinoMDgene Technology Co., Ltd., Floor 3, Building14, Guo Sheng Science Park, No. 1 Kangding Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development District, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Xiaoping Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Yan You
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huanwen Wu
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Pei Liu
- Beijing SinoMDgene Technology Co., Ltd., Floor 3, Building14, Guo Sheng Science Park, No. 1 Kangding Street, Beijing Economic and Technological Development District, Beijing, 100176, China.
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Shuaifuyuan No. 1, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, China.
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12
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Zhu H, Zhu H, Tian M, Wang D, He J, Xu T. DNA Methylation and Hydroxymethylation in Cervical Cancer: Diagnosis, Prognosis and Treatment. Front Genet 2020; 11:347. [PMID: 32328088 PMCID: PMC7160865 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent discoveries have led to the development of novel ideas and techniques that have helped elucidate the correlation between epigenetics and tumor biology. Nowadays, the field of tumor genetics has evolved to include a new type of regulation by epigenetics. An increasing number of studies have demonstrated the importance of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in specific genes in the progression of cervical cancer. Determining the methylation and hydroxymethylation profiles of these genes will help in the early prevention and diagnosis, monitoring recurrence, prognosis, and treatment of patients with cervical cancer. In this review, we focus on the significance of aberrant DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation in cervical cancer and the use of these epigenetic signatures in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - He Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Miao Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongying Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaxing He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianmin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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13
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Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text To determine the performance of molecular screening strategies for detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) in comparison with cytology screening in women living with HIV.
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14
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Thorsteinsson K, Ladelund S, Storgaard M, Katzenstein TL, Johansen IS, Pedersen G, Rönsholt FF, Nielsen LN, Nilas L, Franzmann M, Obel N, Lebech AM, Bonde J. Persistence of cervical high-risk human papillomavirus in women living with HIV in Denmark - the SHADE. BMC Infect Dis 2019; 19:740. [PMID: 31438877 PMCID: PMC6706931 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-019-4377-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Women living with HIV (WLWH) have high rates of persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infections and cervical cancer. We aimed to assess the distribution of hrHPV genotypes, risk factors of type-specific hrHPV persistence, and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or worse (≥HSIL) in WLWH in Denmark. Methods From the prospective Study on HIV, cervical Abnormalities and infections in women in Denmark (SHADE) we identified WLWH with a positive hrHPV test during the study period; 2011–2014. HIV demographics were retrieved from the Danish HIV Cohort Study and pathology results from the The Danish Pathology Data Bank. Logistic regression was used to identify risk factors associated with persistent hrHPV infection (positivity of the same hrHPV type in two samples one-two years after the first hrHPV positive date) and ≥ HSIL. Results Of 71 WLWH, 31 (43.7%) had persistent hrHPV infection. Predominant hrHPV genotypes were HPV58, 52, 51, and 35 and most frequently observed persistent genotypes were HPV52, 33 and 31. CD4 < 350 cells/μL predicted genotype-specific hrHPV persistence (adjusted OR 4.36 (95%CI: 1.18–16.04)) and ≥ HSIL was predicted by prior AIDS (adjusted OR 8.55 (95% CI 1.21–60.28)). Conclusions This prospective cohort study of well-treated WLWH in Denmark found a high rate of persistent hrHPV infections with predominantly non-16/18 hrHPV genotypes. CD4 count < 350 cells/μL predicted hrHPV persistence, while prior AIDS predicted ≥HSIL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12879-019-4377-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Thorsteinsson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaards Allé 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.
| | - Steen Ladelund
- Clinical Research Center, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Merete Storgaard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aarhus University Hospital, Skejby, Denmark
| | - Terese L Katzenstein
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gitte Pedersen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Lisbeth Nilas
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Maria Franzmann
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
| | - Niels Obel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Lebech
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Kettegaards Allé 30, 2650, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bonde
- Molecular Pathology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
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15
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HPV16-Related Cervical Cancers and Precancers Have Increased Levels of Host Cell DNA Methylation in Women Living with HIV. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113297. [PMID: 30360578 PMCID: PMC6274896 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Data on human papillomavirus (HPV) type-specific cervical cancer risk in women living with human immunodeficiency virus (WLHIV) are needed to understand HPV–HIV interaction and to inform prevention programs for this population. We assessed high-risk HPV type-specific prevalence in cervical samples from 463 WLHIV from South Africa with different underlying, histologically confirmed stages of cervical disease. Secondly, we investigated DNA hypermethylation of host cell genes ASCL1, LHX8, and ST6GALNAC5, as markers of advanced cervical disease, in relation to type-specific HPV infection. Overall, HPV prevalence was 56% and positivity increased with severity of cervical disease: from 28.0% in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 or less (≤CIN1) to 100% in invasive cervical cancer (ICC). HPV16 was the most prevalent type, accounting for 9.9% of HPV-positive ≤CIN1, 14.3% of CIN2, 31.7% of CIN3, and 45.5% of ICC. HPV16 was significantly more associated with ICC and CIN3 than with ≤CIN1 (adjusted for age, ORMH 7.36 (95% CI 2.33–23.21) and 4.37 (95% CI 1.81–10.58), respectively), as opposed to non-16 high-risk HPV types. Methylation levels of ASCL1, LHX8, and ST6GALNAC5 in cervical scrapes of women with CIN3 or worse (CIN3+) associated with HPV16 were significantly higher compared with methylation levels in cervical scrapes of women with CIN3+ associated with non-16 high-risk HPV types (p-values 0.017, 0.019, and 0.026, respectively). When CIN3 and ICC were analysed separately, the same trend was observed, but the differences were not significant. Our results confirm the key role that HPV16 plays in uterine cervix carcinogenesis, and suggest that the evaluation of host cell gene methylation levels may monitor the progression of cervical neoplasms also in WLHIV.
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