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The Influence of Transport and Storage Conditions on Beer Stability—a Systematic Review. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02790-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chenot C, Collin S. Ability of the Mandarina Bavaria hop variety to release free odorant polyfunctional thiols in late‐hopped beers. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Chenot
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires LIBST Institute, Faculté des Bioingénieurs, Université Catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud, 2 box L7.05.07 Louvain‐la‐Neuve B‐1348 Belgium
| | - Sonia Collin
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires LIBST Institute, Faculté des Bioingénieurs, Université Catholique de Louvain Croix du Sud, 2 box L7.05.07 Louvain‐la‐Neuve B‐1348 Belgium
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Silva Ferreira C, Collin S. Fate of Hop and Fermentation Odorants in Commercial Belgian Dry-Hopped Beers over 2 Years of Bottle Storage: Key-Role of Oxidation and Hop Esterases. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/03610470.2020.1843898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Silva Ferreira
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Faculté des Bioingénieurs, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sonia Collin
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology (LIBST), Faculté des Bioingénieurs, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Chenot C, Briffoz L, Lomartire A, Collin S. Occurrence of Ehrlich-Derived and Varietal Polyfunctional Thiols in Belgian White Wines Made from Chardonnay and Solaris Grapes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:10310-10317. [PMID: 31659900 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Although almost disappeared at the end of the 20th century, Belgian wine production reached a million liters in 2017. The aim of the present work was to identify aroma markers for two white cultivars widespread in Belgium: Chardonnay (the most commercially grown cultivar worldwide) and Solaris (an interspecific fungus-resistant variety). Specific p-hydroxymercuribenzoic acid extraction followed by gas chromatography with a pulsed flame photometric detector was applied to single-varietal wine samples from 2015 to 2018 harvests. Among the Ehrlich-derived thiols, all found below their sensory thresholds, 3-sulfanylpropyl acetate usually outranged 3-sulfanylpropan-1-ol, while 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol concentrations always exceeded 2-sulfanylethyl acetate levels. The data confirm the occurrence, in both Chardonnay and Solaris wines, of 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol and phenylmethanethiol (grapefruit and gunflint aroma, respectively), at concentrations far above their thresholds. This work also revealed, for the first time, the presence of 3-sulfanylheptan-1-ol, the branched alcohols 2-methyl-3-sulfanyl propan-1-ol, 2-methyl-3-sulfanylbutan-1-ol, and 3-sulfanyl-3-methylbutan-1-ol, and the carbonyls 3-sulfanylbutan-2-one (not in sparkling wines) and 3-sulfanylpentanal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cécile Chenot
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Faculté des Bioingénieurs, Université catholique de Louvain. Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laura Briffoz
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Faculté des Bioingénieurs, Université catholique de Louvain. Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Antonin Lomartire
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Faculté des Bioingénieurs, Université catholique de Louvain. Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sonia Collin
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Faculté des Bioingénieurs, Université catholique de Louvain. Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Wang N, Chen S, Zhou Z. Characterization of volatile organic compounds as potential aging markers in Chinese rice wine using multivariable statistics. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:6444-6454. [PMID: 31294830 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a close relationship between certain 'aging markers' in wine and the wine's age. This study aimed to characterize all extracted aging markers in Chinese rice wine and distinguish the ages of Chinese rice wine using principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA). RESULTS A total of 49 potential aging markers (P ≤ 0.05*) were extracted from 71 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Chinese rice wine across a range of seven different ages. Of all 49 extracted aging markers, all furans, 2/3 aldehydes and ketones maintained significantly increasing levels with age (P ≤ 0.01**), especially sotolon (0.981**) and acetophenone (0.951**). On the other hand, all sulfides decreased significantly (P ≤ 0.01**). Changes in vanillin, guaiacol, 4-vinylguaiacol (4-VG) and 4-ethylguaiacol (4-EG) also suggested a potential synthesis during the aging process. The results of PCA and CA demonstrated that Chinese rice wines with different ages could be clearly distinguished from each other, which was consistent with the evolution of the 49 aging markers during the aging process. CONCLUSION These 49 potential 'aging markers' successfully distinguished ages using PCA and CA. Our results therefore throw light on the characterization of VOCs during Chinese rice wine aging, and provide a quantitative basis for discriminating the ages of Chinese rice wine. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhemin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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Tran TTH, Cibaka MLK, Collin S. Polyfunctional Thiols in Fresh and Aged Belgian Special Beers: Fate of Hop S-Cysteine Conjugates. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2015-0130-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thu Hang Tran
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute ELIM, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marie-Lucie Kankolongo Cibaka
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute ELIM, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sonia Collin
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute ELIM, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Cibaka MLK, Tran TTH, Gros J, Robiette R, Collin S. Investigation of 2-Sulfanylethyl Acetate Cysteine-S-Conjugate as a Potential Precursor of Free Thiols in Beer. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF BREWING CHEMISTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1094/asbcj-2017-3276-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lucie Kankolongo Cibaka
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Thi Thu Hang Tran
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jacques Gros
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain, Place Louis Pasteur 1, box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sonia Collin
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Kankolongo Cibaka ML, Decourrière L, Lorenzo-Alonso CJ, Bodart E, Robiette R, Collin S. 3-Sulfanyl-4-methylpentan-1-ol in Dry-Hopped Beers: First Evidence of Glutathione S-Conjugates in Hop (Humulus lupulus L.). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:8572-8582. [PMID: 27933902 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b03788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Monovarietal dry-hopped beers were produced with the dual-purpose hop cultivars Amarillo, Hallertau Blanc, and Mosaic. The grapefruit-like 3-sulfanyl-4-methylpentan-1-ol was found in all three beers at concentrations much higher than expected on the basis of the free thiol content in hop. Even cysteinylated precursors proved unable to explain our results. As observed in wine, the occurrence of S-glutathione precursors was therefore suspected in hop. The analytical standards of S-3-(4-methyl-1-hydroxypentyl)glutathione, never described before, and of S-3-(1-hydroxyhexyl)glutathione, previously evidenced in grapes, were chemically synthesized. An optimized extraction of glutathionylated precursors was then applied to Amarillo, Hallertau Blanc, and Mosaic hop samples. HPLC-ESI(+)MS/MS revealed, for the first time, the occurrence of S-3-(1-hydroxyhexyl)glutathione and S-3-(4-methyl-1-hydroxypentyl)glutathione in hop, at levels well above those reported for their cysteinylated counterparts. S-3-(1-Hydroxyhexyl)glutathione emerged in all cases as the major adduct in hop. Yet, although 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol seems relatively ubiquitous in free, cysteinylated, and glutathionylated forms, the glutathione adduct of 3-sulfanyl-4-methylpentan-1-ol, never evidenced in other plants up to now, was found only in the Hallertau Blanc variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lucie Kankolongo Cibaka
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Laura Decourrière
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Celso-José Lorenzo-Alonso
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Etienne Bodart
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Raphaël Robiette
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Université catholique de Louvain , Place Louis Pasteur 1, Box L4.01.02, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sonia Collin
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université catholique de Louvain , Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Scholtes C, Nizet S, Collin S. How sotolon can impart a Madeira off-flavor to aged beers. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:2886-2892. [PMID: 25727253 DOI: 10.1021/jf505953u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
4,5-Dimethyl-3-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone or sotolon is known to impart powerful Madeira-oxidized-curry-walnut notes to various alcoholic beverages. It has been much studied in oxidized Jura flor-sherry wines, aged Roussillon sweet wines, and old Port wines, in which it contributes to the characteristic "Madeira-oxidized" aroma of these beverages. No scientific paper describes how sotolon might be involved in the Madeira off-flavor found in aged beers. The specific extraction procedure applied here allowed us to quantify this lactone in 7 special beers, at levels sometimes well above its threshold (from 5 to 42 μg/L after 6, 12, 18, and 24 months of natural aging, while unquantifiable in fresh beer). Investigation of spiked beers led us to highlight the key role of pro-oxidants and acetaldehyde. Addition of ascorbic acid without sulfites should be avoided by brewers, as the former would intensify sotolon synthesis. Acetoin, a beer fermentation byproduct, also emerged as possible precursor in beer when combined with serine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Scholtes
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute ELIM, Faculté d'Ingénierie biologique, agronomique et environnementale, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 2 box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Nizet
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute ELIM, Faculté d'Ingénierie biologique, agronomique et environnementale, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 2 box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sonia Collin
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute ELIM, Faculté d'Ingénierie biologique, agronomique et environnementale, Université catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 2 box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Cibaka MLK, Gros J, Nizet S, Collin S. Quantitation of selected terpenoids and mercaptans in the dual-purpose hop varieties Amarillo, Citra, Hallertau Blanc, Mosaic, and Sorachi Ace. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:3022-3030. [PMID: 25780945 DOI: 10.1021/jf5058556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Free terpenoids and both free and bound polyfunctional thiols were investigated in five selected dual-purpose hop cultivars. Surprisingly, the dual-purpose Sorachi Ace variety was found to contain higher amounts of farnesene (2101 mg/kg) than aromatic hops such as Saaz but only traces of 3-methylbutylisobutyrate, a compound that usually distinguishes all bitter varieties. All five cultivars investigated here showed an exceptional citrus-like potential explained by either monoterpenic alcohols or polyfunctional thiols. Among the monoterpenic alcohols, β-citronellol at concentrations above 7 mg/kg distinguished Amarillo, Citra, Hallertau Blanc, Mosaic, and Sorachi Ace from Nelson Sauvin and Tomahawk, two previously investigated dual-purpose hops, while linalool (312 mg/kg) and geraniol (211 mg/kg) remained good discriminating compounds for Nelson Sauvin and Tomahawk, respectively. Regarding polyfunctional thiols, higher amounts of 3-sulfanylhexyl acetate (27 μg/kg) characterized the Citra variety. Free 4-sulfanyl-4-methylpentan-2-one proved discriminant for Sorachi Ace, while the bound form is predominant in Nelson Sauvin. On the other hand, an S-conjugate of 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol was found in Sorachi Ace at levels not far from those previously reported for Cascade, although the free form was undetected here. Both free and bound grapefruit-like 3-sulfanyl-4-methylpentan-1-ol (never evidenced before the present work) emerged as discriminating compounds for the Hallertau Blanc variety. The apotryptophanase assay also allowed us to evidence for the first time an S-conjugate of 2-sulfanylethan-1-ol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Lucie Kankolongo Cibaka
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Jacques Gros
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sabrina Nizet
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Sonia Collin
- Unité de Brasserie et des Industries Alimentaires, Earth and Life Institute (ELIM), Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud 2, Box L7.05.07, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Revue bibliographique sur les adduits cystéinés et glutathionés de la vigne en vue de leur investigation dans le houblon et la bière. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cervis.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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