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Wu W, Tian W, Li Y, Zhao Q, Liu N, Huang C, Zhu L, Guo D. Sub-high amylose maize starch: an ideal substrate to generate starch with lower digestibility by fermentation of Qu. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:6855-6861. [PMID: 38578681 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fermentation of Qu (FQ) is a novel method to modify the properties of starch to expand its application and especially to increase the resistant starch (RS) content. Using waxy maize starch (WMS) as a fermentation substrate can increase the RS content significantly but it may be time consuming and not cost effective due to the almost negligible RS content of WMS. To solve this problem, we hypothesized that sub-high amylose starch (s-HAMS), with an amylose content close to 50% could be an ideal substrate for FQ. RESULTS The results showed that FQ did not change the shape and the particle size of starch granules, the gelatinization peak (Tp), or the conclusion temperature (Tc), but the slowly digested starch content declined. Rapidly digested starch content fluctuated during FQ and the amylose content decreased within 36 h and then increased. Within 24h, FQ significanlty increased these values: the RS content, relative crystallinity (RC), the ratio of FTIR absorbances at 1047/1022cm-1, the diffraction peak at 19.8° in X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the gelatinization onset temperature (To) increased significantly, within 24 h of FQ. However, after 24 h of fermentation, the RS content, RC, the ratio of FTIR absorbances at 1047/1022 cm-1, and gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH) decreased significantly. CONCLUSION Sub-high amylose starch is more suitable for FQ to produce low digestibility starch, and the increase in RS may be due to the formation of 'amylose-lipid' complexes (RS5). © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Wenjing Tian
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Yiheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Chenggang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Liangjia Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Dongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
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2
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Wang H, Shang R, Gao S, Huang A, Huang H, Li W, Guo H. Characterization of key aroma compounds in a novel Chinese rice wine Xijiao Huojiu during its biological-ageing-like process by untargeted metabolomics. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34396. [PMID: 39130457 PMCID: PMC11315155 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Xijiao Huojiu (Xijiao), an ancient Chinese rice wine (ACRW), is produced using traditional methods, which involve biological-ageing-like process and result in distinctive sensory profiles. However, its aroma composition is still unclear. In this study, the aroma characteristics of three samples with varying ageing times were examined. Xijiao_SCT, with a short cellar time, exhibited a strong fruity and floral aroma and a less grain-like aroma. Conversely, Xijiao_LCT, which had a long cellar time, had a deep cocoa- and caramel-like aroma. A total of 27 key odorants that greatly influenced the aroma characteristics of Xijiao were identified. Comparative studies were used to identify 12 key odorants that distinguish Xijiao from modern Chinese rice wine (MCRW) and grape wines (GW). Additionally, 13 dominant latent ageing markers differentiated Xijiao_SCT from Xijiao_LCT. Our results suggested that ACRW and MCRW have overlapping but distinct volatile metabolomic profiles, highlighting the characteristics of ACRW during ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Rui Shang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Suying Gao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Ancheng Huang
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Honghui Huang
- Shenzhen Haohao Biotechnology Company Ltd., Shenzhen, 518028, China
| | - Wenyang Li
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongwei Guo
- Institute of Plant and Food Science, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Design for Plant Cell Factory of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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3
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Chen X, Song C, Zhao J, Xiong Z, Peng L, Zou L, Liu B, Li Q. Effect of a New Fermentation Strain Combination on the Fermentation Process and Quality of Highland Barley Yellow Wine. Foods 2024; 13:2193. [PMID: 39063277 PMCID: PMC11276116 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Yellow wine fermented from highland barley is an alcoholic beverage with high nutritional value. However, the industrialization of barley yellow wine has been constrained to a certain extent due to the lack of a systematic starter culture. Therefore, the present study aims to simulate barley yellow wine fermentation using a starter culture consisting of Rhizopus arrhizus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pichia kudriavzevii, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus. In this study, changes in enzyme activity, fermentation characteristics, volatile substance production, and amino acid content during the fermentation of highland barley yellow wine brewed with different starter cultures were evaluated. The results of this study show that regulating the proportion of mixed starter bacteria can effectively control the various stages of the fermentation process and improve the organoleptic characteristics and quality of yellow wine to varying degrees. Additionally, we found that the addition of probiotics could effectively improve the palatability of yellow wine. To the best of our knowledge, we have validated for the first time the use of the above multispecies starter culture, consisting of R. arrhizus, S. cerevisiae, P. kudriavzevii, and L. rhamnosus, in the production of highland barley yellow wine. The obtained findings provided reference data for optimizing highland barley yellow wine fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.C.); (Z.X.); (L.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Chuan Song
- Luzhou Laojiao Co., Ltd., Luzhou 646000, China;
- National Engineering Research Center of Solid-State Brewing, Luzhou 646000, China
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Luzhou Laojiao Company, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Jian Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China;
| | - Zhuang Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.C.); (Z.X.); (L.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lianxin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.C.); (Z.X.); (L.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liang Zou
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.C.); (Z.X.); (L.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Bingliang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.C.); (Z.X.); (L.P.); (L.Z.)
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.C.); (Z.X.); (L.P.); (L.Z.)
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Luzhou Laojiao Company, Luzhou 646000, China
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4
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Xu Q, Li M, Xiao O, Chen J, Dai X, Kong Z, Tan J. Residual behavior of dinotefuran and its metabolites during Huangjiu fermentation and their effects on flavor. Food Chem 2024; 441:138300. [PMID: 38183720 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Yellow rice wine (Huangjiu) is a traditional Chinese alcoholic beverage. However, there is a risk of pesticide residues in Huangjiu due to pesticide indiscriminate use. In this study, the residues of dinotefuran and its metabolites during Huangjiu fermentation and their effects on flavor substances were studied. The initial concentrations of dinotefuran ranged from 856.3 to 1874.9 μg/L, and its half-life was no more than 3.65 d. At 24 d of Huangjiu fermentation, the terminal residues of dinotefuran, 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)urea (UF) and 1-methyl-3-(tetrahydro-3-furylmethyl)guanidine (DN) were 195.1-535.3 μg/L, 38.33-48.70 μg/L and 37.8-74.1 μg/L, respectively. Twenty potential degradation compounds were identified by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-MS), and their toxicity was evaluated. Finally, the effect of dinotefuran on physicochemical properties and total phenol content of Huangjiu were analyzed. The risk of rancidity was significantly increased and bitter amino acids were formed. These findings provide a guidance and the safe production of Huangjiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisi Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China; State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Minmin Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ouli Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jieyin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China
| | - Xiaofeng Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Kong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China; Western Agricultural Research Center, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, China.
| | - Jianxin Tan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei, China.
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5
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Hao Y, Li J, Zhao Z, Xu W, Wang L, Lin X, Hu X, Li C. Flavor characteristics of Shanlan rice wines fermented for different time based on HS-SPME-GC-MS-O, HS-GC-IMS, and electronic sensory analyses. Food Chem 2024; 432:137150. [PMID: 37634344 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.137150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Flavor characteristics of Shanlan rice wines with different fermentation time were analyzed. Results suggested that 3-methyl-1-butanol, phenylethyl alcohol, ethyl acetate, and diethyl succinate were the characteristic volatiles of Shanlan rice wine by using headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry. The most varieties (38) of volatiles appeared at a 3-year-fermentation time, contributing a unique and harmonious aroma to the Shanlan rice wine fermented for 3 years, but only 19 types were observed at 45-days and 1-year fermentation times. A similar trend was intuitively visible in the headspace-gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry analysis. The Shanlan rice wine fermented for 3 years had a similar taste profile to that fermented for 45 days, but with distinguishing contents of free amino acids (1352.80 mg/L and 2261.50 mg/L, respectively) and organic acids (9.58 g/L and 49.88 g/L, respectively). The Shanlan rice wine fermented for 1 year had a strong taste with more intensity of most taste attributes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaofei Hao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Jianxun Li
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Quality and Safety Control in Storage and Transport Process, Beijing, China.
| | - Zhiheng Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Wen Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Lu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Xue Lin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
| | - Congfa Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China.
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6
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Guo J, Zhao X, Shi J. Correlation of microbial community structure and volatile flavor compounds during corn yellow wine fermentation. Biotechnol Prog 2024; 40:e3408. [PMID: 37956144 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput sequencing was used to define microbial community structure and GC-MS to identify volatile flavor substances during fermentation of corn yellow wine, and results were analyzed by multivariate statistical analysis. Seventeen bacterial phyla, 239 bacterial genera, 4 fungal phyla, and 18 fungal genera were found and changes in community structure occurred during fermentation. Twenty-four volatile flavor substances, including 14 esters and 5 alcohols, were detected and changes during fermentation recorded. Sixteen microbial genera correlated with volatile flavor substances and Weissella, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Rhodotorul, and Kwoniella had significant correlation with ethyl esters and higher alcohols. Micro-organisms thus influence flavor development during corn yellow wine fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Guo
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxu Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Harbin Medical University, Daqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Shi
- College of Food and Biological Engineering, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, People's Republic of China
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7
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Mao X, Yue SJ, Xu DQ, Fu RJ, Han JZ, Zhou HM, Tang YP. Research Progress on Flavor and Quality of Chinese Rice Wine in the Brewing Process. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:32311-32330. [PMID: 37720734 PMCID: PMC10500577 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c04732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Chinese rice wine (CRW) is a traditional and unique alcoholic beverage in China, favored by many consumers for its rich aroma, unique taste, and complex ingredients. Its flavor is primarily composed of volatile and nonvolatile compounds. These flavor compounds are partly derived from grains and starters (Qu), while the other part is produced by microbial metabolism and chemical reactions during the brewing process. Additionally, ethyl carbamate (EC) in CRW, a hazardous chemical, necessitates controlling its concentration during brewing. In recent years, numerous new brewing techniques for CRW have emerged. Therefore, this paper aims to collect aroma descriptions and thresholds of flavor compounds in CRW, summarize the relationship between the brewing process of CRW and flavor formation, outline methods for reducing the concentration of EC in the brewing process of CRW, and summarize the four stages (pretreatment of grains, fermentation, sterilization, and aging process) of new techniques. Furthermore, we will compare the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches, with the expectation of providing a valuable reference for improving the quality of CRW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Mao
- Key
Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research &
Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation),
and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New
Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese
Medicine, Xi’an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Shi-Jun Yue
- Key
Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research &
Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation),
and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New
Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese
Medicine, Xi’an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ding-Qiao Xu
- Key
Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research &
Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation),
and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New
Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese
Medicine, Xi’an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rui-Jia Fu
- Key
Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research &
Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation),
and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New
Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese
Medicine, Xi’an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jian-Zhang Han
- Xi’an
DaKou Wine Company Ltd., Xi’an 710300, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hao-Ming Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research &
Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation),
and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New
Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese
Medicine, Xi’an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yu-Ping Tang
- Key
Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine
for TCM Compatibility, and State Key Laboratory of Research &
Development of Characteristic Qin Medicine Resources (Cultivation),
and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New
Drugs Research, Shaanxi University of Chinese
Medicine, Xi’an 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
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8
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Zhou C, Zhou Y, Liu T, Li B, Hu Y, Zhai X, Zuo M, Liu S, Yang Z. Effects of Protein Components on the Chemical Composition and Sensory Properties of Millet Huangjiu (Chinese Millet Wine). Foods 2023; 12:foods12071458. [PMID: 37048279 PMCID: PMC10093938 DOI: 10.3390/foods12071458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Millet Huangjiu is a national alcoholic beverage in China. The quality of Chinese millet Huangjiu is significantly influenced by the protein components in the raw materials of millet. Therefore, in this study, the impact of different protein components on the quality of millet Huangjiu was investigated by adding exogenous proteins glutelin and albumin either individually or in combination. The study commenced with the determination of the oenological parameters of different millet Huangjiu samples, followed by the assessment of free amino acids and organic acids. In addition, the volatile profiles of millet Huangjiu were characterized by employing HS-SPME-GC/MS. Finally, a sensory evaluation was conducted to evaluate the overall aroma profiles of millet Huangjiu. The results showed that adding glutelin significantly increased the contents of total soluble solids, amino acid nitrogen, and ethanol in millet Huangjiu by 32.2%, 41.5%, and 17.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the fortification of the fermentation substrate with glutelin protein was found to significantly enhance the umami (aspartic and glutamic acids) and sweet-tasting (alanine and proline) amino acids in the final product. Gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis revealed distinct impacts of protein composition on the volatile organic compound (VOC) profiles of millet Huangjiu. Excessive glutelin led to an over-accumulation of alcohol aroma, while the addition of albumin protein proved to be a viable approach for enhancing the ester and fruity fragrances. Sensory analysis suggested that the proper amount of protein fortification using a Glu + Alb combination could enhance the sensory attributes of millet Huangjiu while maintaining its unique flavor characteristics. These findings suggest that reasonable adjustment of the glutelin and albumin contents in millet could effectively regulate the chemical composition and improve the sensory quality of millet Huangjiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Zhou
- Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yaojie Zhou
- Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Tianrui Liu
- Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Bin Li
- Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Yuqian Hu
- Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhai
- Agricultural Product Processing and Storage Lab, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Min Zuo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Agri-Product Quality Traceability, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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9
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Yang Y, Xia Y, Yan X, Li S, Ni L, Zhang H, Ni B, Ai L. Insights into whereby raw wheat Qu contributes to the flavor quality of Huangjiu during brewing. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2023.114619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
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10
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Ma D, Liu S, Liu H, Nan M, Xu Y, Han X, Mao J. Developing an innovative raw wheat Qu inoculated with Saccharopolyspora and its application in Huangjiu. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:7301-7312. [PMID: 35757866 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mechanized Huangjiu is a stable product, is not subject to seasonal production restrictions, and markedly reduces labor intensity compared to traditional manual Huangjiu. However, the bitterness of mechanized Huangjiu impedes its further development. RESULTS Based on process optimization, when the fermentation temperature was 45 °C and the fermentation time was 122 h, the inoculation amount of Saccharopolyspora was 5%, the amount of added water was 26%, and the glucoamylase and amylase activities of wheat Qu increased by 27% and 40% respectively, compared with those before optimization. Huangjiu fermented by raw wheat Qu inoculated with Saccharopolyspora rosea F2014 showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in bitter amino acid content (1.24 vs. 2.86 g L-1 , a decrease of 56%), which attenuated its bitterness. CONCLUSION An innovative fermentation process of inoculating Saccharopolyspora into raw wheat Qu was developed for the first time. Such a process could be used to control bitterness based on raw wheat Qu inoculated with Saccharopolyspora rosea F2014, instead of traditional wheat Qu in Huangjiu fermentation. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Ma
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co. Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haipo Liu
- Famous Wine Collection Committee, China Alcoholic Drinks Association, Beijing, China
| | - Mujia Nan
- Basic Department, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, China
| | - Yuezheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co. Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Han
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co. Ltd, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Zhejiang, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co. Ltd, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Environmental factors drive microbial succession and huangjiu flavor formation during raw wheat qu fermentation. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Li M, Zhan P, Wang P, Tian H, Geng J, Wang L. Characterization of Aroma-active Compounds Changes of Xiecun Huangjius with Different Aging Years Based on Odor Activity Values and Multivariate Analysis. Food Chem 2022; 405:134809. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Peng Q, Zheng H, Meng K, Yu H, Xie G, Zhang Y, Yang X, Chen J, Xu Z, Lin Z, Liu S, Elsheery NI, Wu P, Fu J. Quantitative study on core bacteria producing flavor substances in Huangjiu (Chinese yellow rice wine). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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14
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Ma D, Liu S, Han X, Nan M, Xu Y, Qian B, Wang L, Mao J. Complete genome sequence, metabolic model construction, and huangjiu application of Saccharopolyspora rosea A22, a thermophilic, high amylase and glucoamylase actinomycetes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:995978. [PMID: 36246298 PMCID: PMC9554608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.995978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccharopolyspora is an important microorganism in the fermentation process of wheat qu and huangjiu, yet the mechanisms by which it performs specific functions in huangjiu remain unclear. A strain with high amylase and glucoamylase activities was isolated from wheat qu and identified as Saccharopolyspora rosea (S. rosea) A22. We initially reported the whole genome sequence of S. rosea A22, which comprised a circular chromosome 6,562,638 bp in size with a GC content of 71.71%, and 6,118 protein-coding genes. A functional genomic analysis highlighted regulatory genes involved in adaptive mechanisms to harsh conditions, and in vitro experiments revealed that the growth of S. rosea A22 could be regulated in response to the stress condition. Based on whole-genome sequencing, the first genome-scale metabolic model of S. rosea A22 named iSR1310 was constructed to predict the growth ability on different media with 91% accuracy. Finally, S. rosea A22 was applied to huangjiu fermentation by inoculating raw wheat qu, and the results showed that the total higher alcohol content was reduced by 12.64% compared with the control group. This study has elucidated the tolerance mechanisms and enzyme-producing properties of S. rosea A22 at the genetic level, providing new insights into its application to huangjiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing Huangjiu Industry Innovation Service Complex, Shaoxing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuangping Liu,
| | - Xiao Han
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing Huangjiu Industry Innovation Service Complex, Shaoxing, China
| | - Mujia Nan
- Basic Department, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lhasa, China
| | - Yuezheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing Huangjiu Industry Innovation Service Complex, Shaoxing, China
| | - Bin Qian
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing Huangjiu Industry Innovation Service Complex, Shaoxing, China
| | - Lan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing Huangjiu Industry Innovation Service Complex, Shaoxing, China
| | - Jian Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Shaoxing Key Laboratory of Traditional Fermentation Food and Human Health, Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing Huangjiu Industry Innovation Service Complex, Shaoxing, China
- Jian Mao,
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15
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Wu W, Zhang X, Qu J, Xu R, Liu N, Zhu C, Li H, Liu X, Zhong Y, Guo D. The effects of fermentation of Qu on the digestibility and structure of waxy maize starch. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:984795. [PMID: 36051290 PMCID: PMC9424902 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.984795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The fermentation of Qu (FQ) could efficiently produce enzymatically modified starch at a low cost. However, it is poorly understood that how FQ influences the waxy maize starch (WMS) structure and the digestion behavior. In this study, WMS was fermented by Qu at different time and starches were isolated at each time point, and its physico-chemical properties and structural parameters were determined. Results showed that the resistant starch (RS), amylose content (AC), the average particle size [D(4,3)] the ratio of peaks at 1,022/995 cm-1, and the onset temperature of gelatinization (T o ) were increased significantly after 36 h. Conversely, the crystallinity, the values of peak viscosity (PV), breakdown (BD), gelatinization enthalpy (ΔH), and the phase transition temperature range (ΔT) were declined significantly after 36 h. It is noteworthy that smaller starch granules were appeared at 36 h, with wrinkles on the surface, and the particle size distribution was also changed from one sharp peak to bimodal. We suggested that the formation of smaller rearranged starch granules was the main reason for the pronounced increase of RS during the FQ process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Institute of Crop Science, Quality of Plant Products, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jianzhou Qu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Renyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Na Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Chuanhao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Huanhuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Xingxun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Grains and Oils Quality Control and Processing, Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Grain Circulation and Safety, College of Food Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Finance and Economics, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyue Zhong
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dongwei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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16
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Li P, Su R, Wang Q, Liu K, Yang H, Du W, Li Z, Chen S, Xu B, Yang W. Comparison of fungal communities and nonvolatile flavor components in black Huangjiu formed using different inoculation fermentation methods. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:955825. [PMID: 35935187 PMCID: PMC9354453 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.955825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Black Huangjiu (BH) is a traditional alcoholic beverage in China, which is very popular among people. The different methods (simultaneous inoculation, sequential inoculation), were applied to ferment BH in this study, which were investigated the changes in the composition of fungal communities and non-volatile flavor compounds (nVFCs) by high-throughput sequencing (HTS) and ultraperformance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC MS/MS). The results showed that Rhizopus and Saccharomyces were the predominant fungal genera throughout fermentation, and 471 nVFCs were detected in BH after fermentation. Compared to that observed simultaneous inoculation, Rhizopus increased at the end of sequential fermentation, and the contents of the organic acids and their derivatives increased significantly [variable importance in the projection (VIP) > 1.0, p < 0.05, fold change (FC) > 2], while that of lipids and lipid-like molecules decreased significantly (VIP > 1.0, p < 0.05, FC < 0.5). Through the correlation analysis of 32 nVFCs with significant differences (VIP > 1.0, p < 0.05, FC >32 or < 0.03) and the community, it was found that lipids and lipid-like molecules (12) and organic acids and their derivatives (10) were significantly (p < 0.05) negatively correlated with Saccharomyces, but they were significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated with Rhizopus. Compared with simultaneous inoculation, BH fermented by sequential inoculation, the taste was stronger, sweeter, mellow, and softer. Our findings provide information on nVFC dynamics and will aid in the selection of beneficial strains to improve BH quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingping Li
- Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, China
| | - Rui Su
- Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, China
| | - Qi Wang
- College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Wang,
| | - Kunyi Liu
- College of Wuliangye Technology and Food Engineering, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, China
- Kunyi Liu,
| | - Hai Yang
- Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, China
| | - Wei Du
- Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, China
| | - Zhengang Li
- Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, China
| | - Song Chen
- Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Luzhou Greenland Wine Co., Ltd., Luzhou, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Sericulture and Apiculture Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Mengzi, China
- Wen Yang,
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17
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Peng Q, Zheng H, Meng K, Zhu Y, Zhu W, Zhu H, Shen C, Fu J, Elsheery NL, Xie G, Han J, Wu P, Fan Y, Girma D, Sun J, Hu B. The way of Qu-making significantly affected the volatile flavor compounds in Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) during different brewing stages. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2255-2270. [PMID: 35844911 PMCID: PMC9281927 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The volatile flavor compounds of Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) brewed from different raw materials were obviously different, but there were few studies on the volatile flavor compounds of Huangjiu brewed from different wheat Qu at different brewing stages. In this paper, headspace-solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, combined with principal component analysis and sensory evaluation, was used to determine the volatile flavor compounds in Huangjiu brewed from wheat Qu made by hand and wheat Qu made by mechanical. The results showed that there were significant differences in the contents and types of volatile flavor substances in Huangjiu brewed from different wheat Qu at fermentation stages, and the prefermentation and postfermentation Huangjiu samples could be well distinguished from each other. Compared with the Huangjiu brewed from wheat Qu made by mechanical, the Huangjiu brewed from wheat Qu made by hand has stronger aroma and better taste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
- California Institute of Food and Agricultural ResearchUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Huajun Zheng
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - Kai Meng
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - Yimeng Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - Wenxia Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - Hongyi Zhu
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - Chi Shen
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - Jianwei Fu
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - Nabil l. Elsheery
- Agricultural Botany DepartmentFaculty of AgricultureTanta UniversityTantaEgypt
| | - Guangfa Xie
- College of Biology and Environmental EngineeringCollege of Shaoxing CRWZhejiang Shuren UniversityHangzhouChina
| | | | - Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and EngineeringSuzhou University of Science and TechnologySuzhouChina
| | - Yuyan Fan
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - DulaBealu Girma
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - Jianqiu Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
| | - Baowei Hu
- National Engineering Research Center for Chinese CRW (branch center)Shaoxing UniversityShaoxingChina
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18
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Pei J, Liu Z, Huang Y, Geng J, Li X, Ramachandra S, Udeshika AA, Brennan C, Tao Y. Potential Use of Emerging Technologies for Preservation of Rice Wine and Their Effects on Quality: Updated Review. Front Nutr 2022; 9:912504. [PMID: 35811939 PMCID: PMC9261873 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.912504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rice wine, a critical fermented alcoholic beverage, has a considerable role in different cultures. It contains compounds that may have functional and nutritional health benefits. Bacteria, yeasts, and fungi commonly found in rice wines during fermentation can induce microbial spoilage and deterioration of the quality during its distribution and aging processes. It is possible to control the microbial population of rice wines using different preservation techniques that can ultimately improve their commercial shelf life. This paper reviews the potential techniques that can be used to preserve the microbial safety of rice wines while maintaining their quality attributes and further highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Pei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Acadamy of Science, Xining, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Yigang Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Jingzhang Geng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Xinsheng Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bioresources, 2011 QinLing-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C. I. C., Qinba State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China
| | - Sisitha Ramachandra
- School of Technology, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Sri Lanka Technological Campus (SLTC), Padukka, Sri Lanka
| | - Amali Alahakoon Udeshika
- Department of Biosystems Technology, Faculty of Technology, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
- Amali Alahakoon Udeshika
| | - Charles Brennan
- Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Yanduo Tao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Acadamy of Science, Xining, China
- *Correspondence: Yanduo Tao
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19
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Yan Y, Sun L, Xing X, Wu H, Lu X, Zhang W, Xu J, Ren Q. Microbial succession and exploration of higher alcohols-producing core bacteria in northern Huangjiu fermentation. AMB Express 2022; 12:79. [PMID: 35716260 PMCID: PMC9206695 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01418-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Higher alcohols (HAs) are abundant compounds that provide important flavors in Huangjiu, but they also cause hangover. Previous studies have shown the production of HAs to be related to yeast, but the correlations between HAs and other microorganisms are rarely reported. In this study, we detected changes in levels of HAs and microbial dynamics during the Huangjiu fermentation process. Relationships were characterized using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. The functional core HA-producing bacteria were selected by bidirectional orthogonal partial least squares (O2PLS). The result showed that 2-methyl-1-propanol, phenethyl alcohol and 3-methyl-1-butanol were the principle HAs present at high levels. Lactococcus and Saccharomyces were predominant at the genus level of bacteria and fungi, respectively. A total of 684 correlations between HAs and microorganisms were established. Five genera were screened as functional core HA-producing bacteria. Our findings might provide some new inspiration for controlling the content of HAs, enhancing international prestige and market expansion of Huangjiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yan
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Leping Sun
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xuan Xing
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Huijun Wu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Xin Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Jialiang Xu
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Qing Ren
- School of Light Industry, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, China. .,Key Laboratory of Brewing Molecular Engineering of China Light Industry, Beijing, 100048, China.
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20
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Yang Q, Yao H, Liu S, Mao J. Interaction and Application of Molds and Yeasts in Chinese Fermented Foods. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:664850. [PMID: 35496819 PMCID: PMC9041164 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.664850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation is an ancient food preservation and processing technology with a long history of thousands of years, that is still practiced all over the world. Fermented foods are usually defined as foods or beverages made by controlling the growth of microorganisms and the transformation of raw and auxiliary food components, which provide the human body with many beneficial nutrients or health factors. As fungus widely used in traditional Chinese fermented foods, molds and yeasts play an irreplaceable role in the formation of flavor substances and the production of functional components in fermented foods. The research progress of molds and yeasts in traditional Chinese fermented foods from traditional to modern is reviewed, including the research on the diversity, and population structure of molds and yeasts in fermented foods. The interaction between fermenting mold and yeast and the latest research results and application development prospects of related industries were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qilin Yang
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hongli Yao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Research Center of Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, China.,National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, China
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21
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Zhao W, Qian M, Dong H, Liu X, Bai W, Liu G, Lv XC. Effect of Hong Qu on the flavor and quality of Hakka yellow rice wine (Huangjiu) produced in Southern China. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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22
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Unraveling the difference in aroma characteristics of Huangjiu from Shaoxing region fermented with different brewing water, using descriptive sensory analysis, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry and multivariate data analysis. Food Chem 2022; 372:131227. [PMID: 34627089 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the specific difference in aroma characteristics of Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) in Shaoxing region fermented with different brewing water, descriptive sensory analysis, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC × GC-qMS) and multivariate statistical analysis were employed. The descriptive sensory analysis proved that Huangjiu fermented with Jianhu water had higher overall aroma intensity, and was more prominent in ester, sweet and alcoholic aroma than those fermented with deionized water and Nenjiang water. The results of aroma components analysis by GC × GC-qMS showed that the Huangjiu fermented with Jianhu water had higher concentration of some key aroma compounds, such as ethyl butyrate (OAV: 29-196), isoamyl acetate (OAV: 11-18) and ethyl hexanoate (OAV: 38-47). The multivariate statistical analysis further confirmed that 14 compounds could be used as key markers to distinguish the Huangjiu samples fermented with different brewing water. The correlation network between the volatile compounds in Huangjiu and the inorganic components in water indicated that the ions played an important role in the formation of the difference in aroma characteristics among the samples.
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23
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Zhang J, Liu S, Sun H, Jiang Z, Xu Y, Mao J, Qian B, Wang L, Mao J. Metagenomics-based insights into the microbial community profiling and flavor development potentiality of baijiu Daqu and huangjiu wheat Qu. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110707. [PMID: 35181108 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Daqu and wheat Qu are saccharification and fermenting agents in Chinese huangjiu and baijiu production. This study aimed to investigate the difference between Daqu and wheat Qu in physicochemical indices, microbial communities, functional genes, and the metabolic network of key microbes responsible for flavor synthesis by whole-metagenome sequencing and metabolite analysis. Herein, physicochemical indices indicated that compared with wheat Qu, Daqu exhibited higher protease and cellulase activity and acidity, and lower glucoamylase and amylase enzyme activity. Metagenomic sequencing reveals that although Daqu and wheat Qu community composition have significant differences at species level, they have similar functional genes. Daqu were enriched in Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella paramesenteroides, Rasamsonia emersonii and Byssochlamys spectabilis (22.48% of the total abundance), while wheat Qu harbored greater abundances of Saccharopolyspora (54.78%, Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula, Saccharopolyspora shandongensis, Saccharopolyspora hirsuta, Saccharopolyspora spinose, and Saccharopolyspora erythraea). From a functional perspective, the important functions of Daqu and wheat Qu are both amino acid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism. Meanwhile, a combined analysis among microbiota, functional genes, and dominant flavors indicated S. shandongensis, S. rectivirgula, and S. spinose might be the main contributor to the synthesis of flavor compounds in wheat Qu, while R. emersonii, W. paramesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Weissella cibaria and P. pentosaceus may make the greatest contribution to flavor compounds synthesis in Daqu. This study reveals the microbial and functional dissimilarities of Daqu and wheat Qu, and helps elucidating different metabolic roles of microbes during flavor formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China; National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China
| | - Hailong Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Zhengfei Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Yuezheng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China
| | - Jieqi Mao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National University of Singapore, Science Drive 2, 117542, Singapore
| | - Bin Qian
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China
| | - Lan Wang
- National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; Jiangnan University (Shaoxing) Industrial Technology Research Institute, Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China; National Engineering Research Center of Huangjiu, Zhejiang Guyuelongshan Shaoxing Wine Co., Ltd., Shaoxing, Zhejiang 31200, China.
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Yang H, Peng Q, Zhang H, Sun J, Shen C, Han X. The volatile profiles and microbiota structures of the wheat Qus used as traditional fermentation starters of Chinese rice wine from Shaoxing region. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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25
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Ilango S, Antony U. Probiotic microorganisms from non-dairy traditional fermented foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Lin X, Ren X, Huang Y, Liang Z, Li W, Su H, He Z. Regional characteristics and discrimination of the fermentation starter Hong Qu in traditional rice wine brewing. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozi Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Xiangyun Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Yingying Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Zhangcheng Liang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Weixin Li
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Hao Su
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
| | - Zhigang He
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Fuzhou Fujian 350003 China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing Fuzhou Fujian 350013 China
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Guo JYB. Tastes in the Jade Flagons: Alcohol Tasting and the Reconstruction of Late Imperial Chinese Literati Identity, 15th-18th Centuries. GLOBAL FOOD HISTORY 2021; 7:181-201. [DOI: 10.1080/20549547.2021.1947943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Aroma characteristics of traditional Huangjiu produced around Winter Solstice revealed by sensory evaluation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry. Food Res Int 2021; 145:110421. [PMID: 34112423 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Traditional Huangjiu (a kind of traditional Chinese rice wine) produced around Winter Solstice has higher quality and a more harmonious aroma than those produced during other periods. To determine the specific differences in aroma characteristics, sensory evaluation, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) were used to analyze the volatile profiles of the traditional Huangjiu samples produced under different ambient temperature conditions. The sensory evaluation results showed that the aroma attributes of wheat, sweet, ester, alcoholic and sauce were stronger for the samples fermented near Winter Solstice than those for the other samples. GC-MS combined with heatmap analysis showed that with the decrease in average ambient temperature, the contents of esters such as diethyl succinate and ethyl butanoate gradually increased, and the contents of alcohols such as phenylethyl alcohol, 2-methylpropanol and 3-methylbutanol gradually decreased. Some key aroma compounds, such as ethyl butyrate (OAV: 97-151), nonanal (OAV: 189-200), ethyl octanoate (OAV: 859-1134) and ethyl phenylacetate (OAV: 307-353), were more abundant in the samples fermented near Winter Solstice than the other samples. The visualization of GC-IMS suggested that isoamyl acetate, 2-methylpropyl acetate, ethyl 3-methylbutyrate, and ethyl 2-methylbutanoate were enriched near Winter Solstice. Together, the results suggested that the traditional Huangjiu produced around Winter Solstice contained more flavor volatiles and had better aroma quality than those produced during other periods.
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29
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Effect of enzymes addition on the fermentation of Chinese rice wine using defined fungal starter. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Lu Z, Xie G, Wu D, Yang L, Jin Z, Hu Z, Xu X, Lu J. Isolation and identification of the bitter compound from Huangjiu. Food Chem 2021; 349:129133. [PMID: 33561795 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of taste-guided assisted by solvent extraction, solid-phase extraction and semipreparative HPLC were applied to isolate the main nonvolatile bitter components from mechanized Huangjiu. The potential fraction was identified by amino acid analysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-time-of-flight-MS/MS. Bitter pyroglutamate peptide Pyr-LFNPSTNPWHSP (PGP) was successfully identified from Huangjiu for the first time. Quantitative analysis showed that PGP contents ranged from below the limit of quantitation to 32.97 mg/L, among mechanized Huangjiu had higher contents than manual and commercial Huangjiu. The formation of PGP mainly occurred in the primary fermentation and it was stable in Huangjiu. Moreover, the PGP content of the Huangjiu brewed using raw wheat Qu was 112.6% higher than that using cooked wheat Qu, but presented subtle change with the increase of raw wheat Qu. The results revealed that PGP contributed the bitterness to Huangjiu, which may offer a possibility to reduce the bitterness of Huangjiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhendong Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guangfa Xie
- College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Shaoxing 310015, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Dianhui Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lixia Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhao Jin
- Department of Plant Sciences, North Dakota State University, P.O. Box 6050, Dept. 7670, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Zhiming Hu
- Shaoxing Nuerhong Winery Co. Ltd., Shaoxing 312352, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xibiao Xu
- Shaoxing Nuerhong Winery Co. Ltd., Shaoxing 312352, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Provincial Research Center for Bioactive Product Processing Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China; School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, Jiangsu, China.
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31
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Ren X, He Z, Lin X, Lin X, Liang Z, Liu D, Huang Y, Fang Z. Screening and evaluation of Monascus purpureus FJMR24 for enhancing the raw material utilization rate in rice wine brewing. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:185-193. [PMID: 32623720 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid development of the rice wine industry has increased the demand for raw materials worldwide. A fungal strain with good adaptability to rice wine brewing conditions, which can also enhance the utilization rate of raw materials (URRM), thus increasing the production efficiency, was sought in the present research. RESULTS The strain FJMR24 was successfully isolated and screened from 35 fermentation starters and exhibited high amylase activity (2200.9 ± 18.5 U g-1 ) and high glucoamylase activity (2330.4 ± 31.9 U g-1 ). Based on a morphological examination and a sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene and β-tubulin gene, FJMR24 was identified as Monascus purpureus, which is an edible and versatile fungus that plays a dominant role in the processing of Hong Qu. A moderate pH of 5-6 under incubation at 35 °C for 5-6 days was favorable for the growth and enzyme production of FJMR24. The strain could also tolerate the extreme conditions of 15-45 °C, 18% ethanol (v/v), and an acidity of pH 2. The excellent fermentation adaptability of FJMR24 might enable it to retain high enzyme activity during rice wine brewing. As a result of the action of FJMR24, the URRM of the base liquor increased by around 26% due to increased starch hydrolysis efficiency, which was mainly due to the high unit enzyme activity of FJMR24. CONCLUSION This study provides perspectives for the application of a M. purpureus strain with high starch hydrolysis activity for enhancing the URRM in traditional rice wine brewing. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyun Ren
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Zhigang He
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaozi Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Lin
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhangcheng Liang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Di Liu
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yingying Huang
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering Technology, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products (Food) Processing, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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32
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Xu W, Jiang J, Xu Q, Zhong M. Drinking tastes of Chinese rice wine under different heating temperatures analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tribology tests. J Texture Stud 2020; 52:124-136. [PMID: 33184839 DOI: 10.1111/jtxs.12571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Drinking tastes and lubrication properties of Chinese rice wine (CRW) under different heating temperatures were studied by tribology tests, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and sensory evaluations. CRW's drinking tastes were evaluated by taste panelists. Flavor compounds were detected by GC-MS. Lubrication properties of CRW were measured by tribometer. Drinking tastes changed under different heating temperatures and were the best at 60°C assessed by panelists. Four key compounds, furfural, benzaldehyde, butanedioic acid diethyl ester, and phenylethyl alcohol, were determined by GC-MS affecting drinking tastes of CRW. Their variation trends were consistent with the changes of CRW's tastes. The variation of CRW's lubrication properties had a positive correlation with that of CRW's taste, especially astringency. The lowest friction coefficient implied the best lubrication performance and taste at 60°C. Therefore, it was possible to rapidly evaluate drinking tastes of CRW using tribology technology based on the results. Reasons for temperatures influencing CRW's lubrication properties and drinking tastes were also analyzed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhu Xu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Jianzhong Jiang
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Qixiang Xu
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Min Zhong
- School of Mechatronics Engineering, Key Laboratory of Tribology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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33
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Yang Y, Hu W, Xia Y, Mu Z, Tao L, Song X, Zhang H, Ni B, Ai L. Flavor Formation in Chinese Rice Wine (Huangjiu): Impacts of the Flavor-Active Microorganisms, Raw Materials, and Fermentation Technology. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:580247. [PMID: 33281774 PMCID: PMC7691429 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.580247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Huangjiu (Chinese rice wine) has been consumed for centuries in Asian countries and is known for its unique flavor and subtle taste. The flavor compounds of Huangjiu are derived from a wide range of sources, such as raw materials, microbial metabolic activities during fermentation, and chemical reactions that occur during aging. Of these sources, microorganisms have the greatest effect on the flavor quality of Huangjiu. To enrich the microbial diversity, Huangjiu is generally fermented under an open environment, as this increases the complexity of its microbial community and flavor compounds. Thus, understanding the formation of flavor compounds in Huangjiu will be beneficial for producing a superior flavored product. In this paper, a critical review of aspects that may affect the formation of Huangjiu flavor compounds is presented. The selection of appropriate raw materials and the improvement of fermentation technologies to promote the flavor quality of Huangjiu are discussed. In addition, the effects of microbial community composition, metabolic function of predominant microorganisms, and dynamics of microbial community on the flavor quality of Huangjiu are examined. This review thus provides a theoretical basis for manipulating the fermentation process by using selected microorganisms to improve the overall flavor quality of Huangjiu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijin Yang
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.,School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Wuyao Hu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Xia
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Mu
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Leren Tao
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Song
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Shanghai Jinfeng Wine Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Ni
- Shanghai Jinfeng Wine Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Lianzhong Ai
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
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34
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Shen D, Shi H, Wu C, Fan G, Li T. Evaluation of proximate composition, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity of ginkgo seeds fermented with different rice wine starters. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4351-4358. [PMID: 33174232 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Ginkgo seeds are distinguished as source of highly promising food and traditional Chinese herbal for thousands of years. It is well known for the significant curative effects on some diseases, such as cough and asthma. The current work aimed to study the proximate composition, phytochemical content, and antioxidant capacity of ginkgo seeds fermented by 17 varieties of rice wine starters. Solid state fermentation was used to improve the nutrition of ginkgo seeds. Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the flavonoids, approximate composition, and antioxidant activity in fermented ginkgo seeds. Through principal component analysis (PCA), Yp rice wine starter was found as the most suitable for ginkgo seeds fermentation. After fermentation of Yp rice wine starter, the content of quercetin increased by 188.1%, the content of reducing sugars and peptides increased by 16 and 24 times, respectively, and the scavenging ability of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl free radicals increased from 4.69 to 12.43 mg TE/g. The solid-state fermentation of ginkgo seeds could be efficiently applied to food industrial production, and fermentation significantly increased the antioxidant activity and flavonoid content of ginkgo seeds, as well as improved their nutrition. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Traditionally, rice wine starter was used for brewing wine, only some folk use rice wine starter for food production. In this paper, ginkgo seeds are selected for fermentation, which not only solves the problem of ginkgo seeds surplus, but also provides a reliable technical route for industry. It provides reference for the application of rice wine starter in food in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbei Shen
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P.R. China
| | - Hongjun Shi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P.R. China
| | - Caie Wu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Gongjian Fan
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210037, P.R. China.,Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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35
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Feng T, Hu Z, Chen L, Chen D, Wang X, Yao L, Sun M, Song S, Wang H. Quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) of aroma compounds in different aged Huangjiu. J Food Sci 2020; 85:3273-3281. [PMID: 32918279 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Huangjiu is a traditional wine in China with special taste and flavor. However, changes of aroma compounds during storage of Huangjiu remain unclear. In this study, aroma compounds in Jinse Nianhua Huangjiu of three different storage ages were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed via headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Based on odor activity value (OAV), the most important aroma compounds were found to be esters, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, ketones, phenols, and lactones. Even though the types of the aroma compounds were similar in different-aged Huangjiu, the concentrations of some compounds varied. Some aroma compounds' thresholds and OAV in Huangjiu were obtained by AC'Scent Intl. Olfactometer. It showed the key aroma compounds in Huangjiu had a positive correlation with their OAV instead of concentration. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models were developed to predict the flavor thresholds for alcohols, acids, and esters in Huangjiu, with higher accuracy for alcohols (R2 = 0.978) and acids (R2 = 0.987). This study will provide valuable information to unveil the regulation of Huangjiu flavor from molecular basis. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The built mathematical model enables to predict changes of aroma compounds in Huangjiu during storage, based on the relationship between the quantum structure parameters of those aroma compounds and the odor activity value of flavor chemicals. This research will contribute to simplifying the wine flavor analysis for wine industry and also help to identify the age of the Huangjiu for customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Feng
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Inst. of Technology, No. 100 Hai Quan Rd., Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Zhongshan Hu
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Inst. of Technology, No. 100 Hai Quan Rd., Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Shanghai Kangshi Food Technology Co., Ltd., No. 1978 Lianhua Rd., Shanghai, 201103, China
| | - Da Chen
- Dept. of Food Science and Technology, The Ohio State Univ., 2015 Fyffe Rd., Columbus, OH, 43210, U.S.A
| | - Xu Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Inst. of Technology, No. 100 Hai Quan Rd., Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Lingyun Yao
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Inst. of Technology, No. 100 Hai Quan Rd., Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Min Sun
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Inst. of Technology, No. 100 Hai Quan Rd., Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Shiqing Song
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Inst. of Technology, No. 100 Hai Quan Rd., Shanghai, 201418, China
| | - Huatian Wang
- School of Perfume and Aroma Technology, Shanghai Inst. of Technology, No. 100 Hai Quan Rd., Shanghai, 201418, China
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36
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Liu S, Hu J, Xu Y, Xue J, Zhou J, Han X, Ji Z, Mao J. Combined use of single molecule real-time DNA sequencing technology and culture-dependent methods to analyze the functional microorganisms in inoculated raw wheat Qu. Food Res Int 2020; 132:109062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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37
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Aging status characterization of Chinese rice wine based on key aging-marker profiles combined with principal components analysis and partial least-squares regression. Eur Food Res Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-020-03488-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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38
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Han X, Peng Q, Yang H, Hu B, Shen C, Tian R. Influence of different carbohydrate sources on physicochemical properties and metabolites of fermented greengage (Prunus mume) wines. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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39
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Reducing higher alcohols by nitrogen compensation during fermentation of Chinese rice wine. Food Sci Biotechnol 2019; 29:805-816. [PMID: 32523790 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive amount of higher alcohols in alcoholic beverages causes unwell and side-effect for consumers although adequate consumption offers joy and pleasure. Therefore, reducing higher alcohols in alcoholic beverages is necessary. We used nitrogen compensation to reduce higher alcohols with Chinese rice wine as an experimental model. Higher alcohols including isobutyl alcohols, isoamyl alcohols, and β-phenethyl alcohols were significantly decreased by 19.27, 23.03 and 19.43%, respectively, when 200 mg/L (NH4)2HPO4, 5% (w/v) yeast, and 11% wheat Koji were added to fermentation broth. Meanwhile, important quality parameters remained unchanged including free amino acids, organic acids, biogenic amines, and esters. The expression of glutamate dehydrogenase 1 gene (GDH1) and glutamine synthetase gene (GLN1) was significantly enhanced, 26.9- and 1.9-folds respectively. These results suggest that ammonium compensation could effectively decrease higher alcohols in Chinese rice wine by activating glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) pathway in ammonium assimilation.
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Liu S, Yang L, Zhou Y, He S, Li J, Sun H, Yao S, Xu S. Effect of mixed moulds starters on volatile flavor compounds in rice wine. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.05.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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41
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Xiang W, Xu Q, Zhang N, Rao Y, Zhu L, Zhang Q. Mucor indicus and Rhizopus oryzae co-culture to improve the flavor of Chinese turbid rice wine. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:5577-5585. [PMID: 31150111 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most important species used to ferment Chinese turbid rice wine (CTRW) at an industrial-scale level is Rhizopus oryzae, although the flavor of CTRW fermented by pure R. oryzae is inferior to that of traditional CTRW. RESULTS Mucor indicus was used as a cooperative species to improve the flavor of CTRW presented by R. oryzae. The flavor compounds in different fermentation stages were determined by headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography. It was noted that the M. indicus and R. oryzae co-culture changed the profiles of flavor compounds in CTRW, including esters, higher alcohols, amino acids and organic acids, and also significantly enhanced the concentration of sweet amino acids, fruity and floral esters, and higher alcohols. Sensory evaluation demonstrated that the CTRW fermented by M. indicus and R. oryzae had a more intense aroma, harmonious taste, continuation and full body mouth-feel because of more abundant flavor compounds. CONCLUSION Mucor indicus is a promising species for co-culture with R. oryzae to improve the flavor of CTRW. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qin Xu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nandi Zhang
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Rao
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Food Biotechnology of Sichuan, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
- School of Food and Bioengineering, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
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Zhou Z, Ji Z, Liu S, Han X, Zheng F, Mao J. Characterization of the volatile compounds of huangjiu using comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time of flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC‐TOFMS). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.14159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Zhongwei Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute Nantong China
| | - Xiao Han
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute Nantong China
| | - Fuping Zheng
- Beijing Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Food Science and Technology Jiangnan University Wuxi China
- Jiangsu Industrial Technology Research Institute Jiangnan University (Rugao) Food Biotechnology Research Institute Nantong China
- National Engineering Research Center for Huangjiu Shaoxing China
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A metagenomic analysis of the relationship between microorganisms and flavor development in Shaoxing mechanized huangjiu fermentation mashes. Int J Food Microbiol 2019; 303:9-18. [PMID: 31102963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Complex microbial metabolism is responsible for the unique flavor of Shaoxing mechanized huangjiu. However, the relationship between the microorganisms present during fermentation and the formation of specific flavor components is difficult to understand. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography were used to identify flavor components, and a metagenomic sequencing approach was used to characterize the taxonomic and functional attributes of the Shaoxing mechanized huangjiu fermentation microbiota. The metagenomic sequencing data were used to predict the relationship between microorganisms and flavor formation. The chromatographic analysis identified amino acids, alcohols, acids, phenols and esters as major flavor components, and six microbial genera (Saccharomyces, Aspergillus, Saccharopolyspora, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, and Lactococcus) were most closely related to the production of these flavor components. This study helps clarify the different metabolic roles of microorganisms in flavor formation during Shaoxing huangjiu fermentation.
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Chen S, Wang C, Qian M, Li Z, Xu Y. Characterization of the Key Aroma Compounds in Aged Chinese Rice Wine by Comparative Aroma Extract Dilution Analysis, Quantitative Measurements, Aroma Recombination, and Omission Studies. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:4876-4884. [PMID: 30920213 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b01420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The aroma compounds in young and aged Chinese rice wines (rice wines) with a clear difference in their overall aroma profiles were analyzed by comparative aroma extract dilution analysis (cAEDA). In AEDA, more aroma-active regions with flavor dilution (FD) factors of ≥64 were detected in the aged rice wine than in the young rice wine. A total of 43 odorants were further identified and quantitated. The odor activity values (OAVs) revealed 33 aroma compounds with OAVs of ≥1 in young or aged rice wine. Among these aroma compounds with relatively higher OAVs, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 1,1-diethoxyethane, vanillin, 3-methylbutanal, sotolon, benzaldehyde, 4-vinylguaiacol, methional, and 2,3-butanedione showed significant differences between young and aged rice wines. This difference was confirmed through a quantitative analysis of 34 rice wine samples with ages of 0-15 years. Then, the aroma profile of the aged rice wine was successfully simulated through an aroma recombination model. Omission models suggested that sotolon, vanillin, 3-methylbutanal, and benzaldehyde played key roles in the overall aroma of aged rice wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chengcheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Renhuai Jiang-Flavor Liquor , Renhuai , Guizhou 564500 , People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Qian
- Department of Food Science & Technology , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Zhou Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education & School of Biotechnology , Jiangnan University , 1800 Lihu Avenue , Wuxi , Jiangsu 214122 , People's Republic of China
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He J, Zhang R, Lei Q, Chen G, Li K, Ahmed S, Long C. Diversity, knowledge, and valuation of plants used as fermentation starters for traditional glutinous rice wine by Dong communities in Southeast Guizhou, China. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2019; 15:20. [PMID: 31029145 PMCID: PMC6486954 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0299-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beverages prepared by fermenting plants have a long history of use for medicinal, social, and ritualistic purposes around the world. Socio-linguistic groups throughout China have traditionally used plants as fermentation starters (or koji) for brewing traditional rice wine. The objective of this study was to evaluate traditional knowledge, diversity, and values regarding plants used as starters for brewing glutinous rice wine in the Dong communities in the Guizhou Province of China, an area of rich biological and cultural diversity. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were administered for collecting ethnobotanical data on plants used as starters for brewing glutinous rice wine in Dong communities. Field work was carried out in three communities in Guizhou Province from September 2017 to July 2018. A total of 217 informants were interviewed from the villages. RESULTS A total of 60 plant species were identified to be used as starters for brewing glutinous rice wine, belonging to 58 genera in 36 families. Asteraceae and Rosaceae are the most represented botanical families for use as a fermentation starter for rice wine with 6 species respectively, followed by Lamiaceae (4 species); Asparagaceae, Menispermaceae, and Polygonaceae (3 species respectively); and Lardizabalaceae, Leguminosae, Moraceae, Poaceae, and Rubiaceae (2 species, respectively). The other botanical families were represented by one species each. The species used for fermentation starters consist of herbs (60.0%), shrubs (23.3%), climbers (10.0%), and trees (6.7%). The parts used include the root (21.7%), leaf (20.0%), and the whole plant (16.7%). Findings indicate a significant relationship between knowledge of plants used as fermentation starters with age (P value < 0.001) and educational status (P value = 0.004) but not with gender (P value = 0.179) and occupation (P value = 0.059). The species that are most used by informants include Pueraria lobata var. montana (Lour.) van der Maesen (UV = 1.74; Leguminosae), Actinidia eriantha Benth. (UV = 1.51; Actinidiaceae), Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa Matsum (UV = 1.5; Poaceae). CONCLUSION This study highlights that while most of the Dong informants continue to use a diverse range of plants as a fermentation starter for brewing glutinous rice wine, knowledge of these plants is being lost by the younger generations. Documentation of traditional ethnobotanical knowledge and outreach is thus needed to conserve biocultural diversity in the rural Dong communities in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwu He
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000 Hunan China
| | - Ruifei Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
| | - Qiyi Lei
- School of Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili, 556011 Guizhou China
| | - Gongxi Chen
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000 Hunan China
| | - Kegang Li
- National and Local United Engineering Laboratory of Integrative Utilization Technology of Eucommia ulmoides, Jishou University, Jishou, 416000 Hunan China
| | - Selena Ahmed
- The Food and Health Lab, Department of Health and Human Development, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA
| | - Chunlin Long
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing, 100081 China
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100081 China
- Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650201 China
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Peng L, Ai-Lati A, Ji Z, Chen S, Mao J. Polyphenols extracted from huangjiu have anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide stimulated RAW264.7 cells. RSC Adv 2019; 9:5295-5301. [PMID: 35515913 PMCID: PMC9060652 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra09671f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, an extraction method, combining extraction by ethyl acetate + ethanol and purification by HPD400 resin, was established to obtain huangjiu polyphenol extract (HPE). After extraction and purification, the polyphenol yield was 22.57%, and 90.57% protein and 97.99% sugar were removed. HPLC analysis indicated that (+)-catechin (91.33 μg mL-1) was the predominant phenolic compound among the 11 detected polyphenols. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, HPE exhibits anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the production of NO and pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, interleukin IL-6 and IL-1β). The anti-inflammatory effect of HPE is associated with the inhibition of iNOS expression, the suppression of NF-κB translocation to the nucleus, and the inhibition of the phosphorylation of IκB and the MAPK family proteins, e.g. p-38, Erk 1/2, and JNK. Moreover, the activation of Nrf2 and HO-1 is also related to the anti-inflammatory effect of HPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Aisikaer Ai-Lati
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Zhongwei Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College (CAMS & PUMC) Beijing 100730 China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science & Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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Gong J, Wang J, Jin Y, Xiao G, You Y, Yuan H, Li L, Huang J, Liu S, Mao J, Li B. Effect of γ
-aminobutyric acid supplementation on the composition of Chinese rice wine. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyan Gong
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
- Shaoxing Testing Institute of Quality Technical Supervision; Shaoxing 312000 Zhejiang China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Yuxiao Jin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Gongnian Xiao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Yuru You
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Haina Yuan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Ling Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Jun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Shiwang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Jianwei Mao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Produces, School of Biological and Chemical Engineering; Zhejiang University of Science and Technology; Hangzhou 310023 China
| | - Bobin Li
- Shaoxing Testing Institute of Quality Technical Supervision; Shaoxing 312000 Zhejiang China
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Son EY, Lee SM, Kim M, Seo JA, Kim YS. Comparison of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in rice wine fermented by Koji inoculated with Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Aspergillus oryzae. Food Res Int 2018; 109:596-605. [PMID: 29803489 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated volatile and nonvolatile metabolite profiles of makgeolli (a traditional rice wine in Korea) fermented by koji inoculated with Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and/or Aspergillus oryzae. The enzyme activities in koji were also examined to determine their effects on the formation of metabolites. The contents of all 18 amino acids detected were the highest in makgeolli fermented by S. fibuligera CN2601-09, and increased after combining with A. oryzae CN1102-08, unlike the contents of most fatty acids. On the other hand, major volatile metabolites were fusel alcohols, acetate esters, and ethyl esters. The contents of most fusel alcohols and acetate esters were the highest in makgeolli fermented by S. fibuligera CN2601-09, for which the protease activity was the highest, leading to the largest amounts of amino acods. The makgeolli samples fermented only by koji inoculated with S. fibuligera could be discriminated on PCA plots from the makgeolli samples fermented in combination with A. oryzae. In the case of nonvolatile metabolites, all amino acids and some metabolites such as xylose, 2-methylbenzoic acid, and oxalic acid contributed mainly to the characteristics of makgeolli fermented by koji inoculated with S. fibuligera and A. oryzae. These results showed that the formations of volatile and nonvolatile metabolites in makgeolli can be significantly affected by microbial strains with different enzyme activities in koji. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the effects of S. fibuligera strains on the formation of volatile and non-volatile metabolites in rice wine, facilitating their use in brewing rice wine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Yeong Son
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Mi Lee
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea
| | - Minjoo Kim
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Ah Seo
- School of Systems Biomedical Science, Soongsil University, Seoul 06978, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Republic of Korea.
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Ji Z, Jin J, Yu G, Mou R, Mao J, Liu S, Zhou Z, Peng L. Characteristic of filamentous fungal diversity and dynamics associated with wheat Qu and the traditional fermentation of Chinese rice wine. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongwei Ji
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Jianshun Jin
- Kuaijishan Shaoxing Wine Co. Ltd.; Shaoxing Zhejiang 312000 China
| | - Guansong Yu
- Kuaijishan Shaoxing Wine Co. Ltd.; Shaoxing Zhejiang 312000 China
| | - Rang Mou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Jian Mao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- National Engineering Research Center of Chinese Rice Wine; Shaoxing Zhejiang 31200 China
| | - Shuangping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- School of Food Science and Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Zhilei Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
| | - Lin Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Food Safety and Nutrition; Jiangnan University; Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
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50
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Nutritive assessment of amino acids for three ChineseZajius produced from hull-less barley. JOURNAL OF THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/jib.464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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