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Potenti S, Spada L, Fusè M, Mancini G, Gualandi A, Leonardi C, Cozzi PG, Puzzarini C, Barone V. 4-Fluoro-Threonine: From Diastereoselective Synthesis to pH-Dependent Conformational Equilibrium in Aqueous Solution. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:13170-13181. [PMID: 34056467 PMCID: PMC8158790 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
4-Fluoro-threonine, the only fluoro amino acid of natural origin discovered so far, is an interesting target for both synthetic and theoretical investigations. In this work, we lay the foundation for spectroscopic characterization of 4-fluoro-threonine. First, we report a diastereoselective synthetic route, which is suitable to produce synthetic material for experimental characterization. The addition of the commercially available ethyl isocyanoacetate to benzyloxyacetaldehyde led to the corresponding benzyloxy-oxazoline, which was hydrolyzed and transformed into ethyl (4S*,5S*)-5-hydroxymethyl-2-oxo-4-oxazolidinecarboxylate in a few steps. Fluorination with diethylamino sulfur trifluoride (DAST) afforded ethyl (4S*,5S*)-5-fluoromethyl-2-oxo-4-oxazolidinecarboxylate, which was deprotected to give the desired diastereomerically pure 4-fluoro-threonine, in 8-10% overall yield. With the synthetic material in our hands, acid-base titrations have been carried out to determine acid dissociation constants and the isoelectric point, which is the testing ground for the theoretical analysis. We have used machine learning coupled with quantum chemistry at the state-of-the-art to analyze the conformational space of 4-fluoro-threonine, with the aim of gaining insights from the comparison of computational and experimental results. Indeed, we have demonstrated that our approach, which couples a last-generation double-hybrid density functional including empirical dispersion contributions with a model combining explicit first-shell molecules and a polarizable continuum for describing solvent effects, provides results and trends in remarkable agreement with experiments. Finally, the conformational analysis applied to fluoro amino acids represents an interesting study for the effect of fluorine on the stability and population of conformers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Potenti
- Laboratorio
SMART, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Spada
- Laboratorio
SMART, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Fusè
- Laboratorio
SMART, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Giordano Mancini
- Laboratorio
SMART, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Istituto
Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Largo Bruno Pontecorvo 3, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Andrea Gualandi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Costanza Leonardi
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Università
di Ferrara, Via Luigi Borsari 46, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Pier Giorgio Cozzi
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento
di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Alma Mater Studiorum—Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Barone
- Laboratorio
SMART, Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
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2
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Watanabe T, Abe H, Shibasaki M. Catalytic Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Leucinostatin A. CHEM REC 2020; 21:175-187. [PMID: 33107684 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202000108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This review describes our efforts toward achieving catalytic asymmetric total synthesis of leucinostatin A, a compound that interferes with the tumor-stroma interaction. The synthesis utilizes four catalytic asymmetric reactions, including direct-type reactions exemplified by high atom-economy, and three C-C bond forming reactions. Thorough analysis of the NMR data, HPLC profiles, and biologic activity led us to unambiguously revise the absolute configuration regarding the 6-position of the AHMOD residue side chain from S (reported) to R. Other examples of previously reported important studies on the stereoselective synthesis of HyLeu and AHMOD are also described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Watanabe
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Hikaru Abe
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Shibasaki
- Institute of Microbial Chemistry (BIKAKEN), 3-14-23 Kamiosaki, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 141-0021, Japan
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Watanabe T, Shibasaki M. Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Natural Products Directed Toward Development of Novel Anti-infective and Anti-cancer Medicines. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2018. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.76.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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4
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Seiple IB, Mercer JAM, Sussman RJ, Zhang Z, Myers AG. Stereocontrolled Synthesis ofsyn-β-Hydroxy-α-Amino Acids by Direct Aldolization of Pseudoephenamine Glycinamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201400928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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5
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Seiple IB, Mercer JAM, Sussman RJ, Zhang Z, Myers AG. Stereocontrolled synthesis of syn-β-Hydroxy-α-amino acids by direct aldolization of pseudoephenamine glycinamide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:4642-7. [PMID: 24692320 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201400928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
β-Hydroxy-α-amino acids figure prominently as chiral building blocks in chemical synthesis and serve as precursors to numerous important medicines. Reported herein is a method for the synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acid derivatives by aldolization of pseudoephenamine glycinamide, which can be prepared from pseudoephenamine in a one-flask protocol. Enolization of (R,R)- or (S,S)-pseudoephenamine glycinamide with lithium hexamethyldisilazide in the presence of LiCl followed by addition of an aldehyde or ketone substrate affords aldol addition products that are stereochemically homologous with L- or D-threonine, respectively. These products, which are typically solids, can be obtained in stereoisomerically pure form in yields of 55-98 %, and are readily transformed into β-hydroxy-α-amino acids by mild hydrolysis or into 2-amino-1,3-diols by reduction with sodium borohydride. This new chemistry greatly facilitates the construction of novel antibiotics of several different classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian B Seiple
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138 (USA)
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Asymmetric synthesis of syn and anti methyl 2,3-diamino-3-phenylpropanoate derivatives from N-substituted imines and Schöllkopf's bislactim ether. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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7
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Stereoselective synthesis of β-substituted-l-threonines from enantiopure 5-acetyl-2-isoxazolines. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2011.02.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Mitani M, Tanaka Y, Sawada A, Misu A, Matsumoto Y. Preparation of α,α-Disubstituted α-Amino Acid Derivatives via Alkyl Addition to α-Oxime Esters with Organozinc Species. European J Org Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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9
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Maity P, König B. Enantio- and diastereoselective syntheses of cyclic Cα-tetrasubstituted α-amino acids and their use to induce stable conformations in short peptides. Biopolymers 2007; 90:8-27. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.20902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Reddy BVS, Reddy LR, Corey EJ. Novel acetoxylation and C-C coupling reactions at unactivated positions in alpha-amino acid derivatives. Org Lett 2007; 8:3391-4. [PMID: 16836413 DOI: 10.1021/ol061389j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 458] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[Structure: see text] Under special conditions, N-phthaloyl-alpha-amino acid amides of 8-aminoquinoline can be either acetoxylated or arylated selectively at the beta-carbon. In certain cases, arylation can be effected at the gamma-carbon.
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Subba Reddy
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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11
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Ohfune Y, Shinada T. Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Construction of α,α‐Disubstituted α‐Amino Acids for the Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasufumi Ohfune
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi‐ku, Osaka 558‐8585, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Shinada
- Department of Materials Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sugimoto, Sumiyoshi‐ku, Osaka 558‐8585, Japan
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Grummitt A, Rutledge P, Clifton I, Baldwin J. Active-site-mediated elimination of hydrogen fluoride from a fluorinated substrate analogue by isopenicillin N synthase. Biochem J 2005; 382:659-66. [PMID: 15175003 PMCID: PMC1133823 DOI: 10.1042/bj20040529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2004] [Revised: 06/01/2004] [Accepted: 06/03/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Isopenicillin N synthase (IPNS) is a non-haem iron oxidase that catalyses the formation of bicyclic isopenicillin N from delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV). In this study we report a novel activity for the iron of the IPNS active site, which behaves as a Lewis acid to catalyse the elimination of HF from the fluorinated substrate analogue, delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-beta-fluorovaline (ACbetaFV). X-Ray crystallographic studies of IPNS crystals grown anaerobically with ACbetaFV reveal that the valinyl beta-fluorine is missing from the active site region, and suggest the presence of the unsaturated tripeptide delta-(L-alpha-aminoadipoyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-isodehydrovaline in place of substrate ACbetaFV. (19)F NMR studies confirm the release of fluoride from ACbetaFV in the presence of the active IPNS enzyme. These results suggest a new mode of reactivity for the IPNS iron centre, a mechanism of action that has not previously been reported for any of the iron oxidase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annaleise R. Grummitt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Peter J. Rutledge
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Ian J. Clifton
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Jack E. Baldwin
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Computational study of the syn,anti-selective aldol additions of lithiated bis-lactim ether to 1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxaldehydes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00479-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Ruiz M, Ojea V, Quintela JM. Amino acid based diastereoselective synthesis of fucosamines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(02)00376-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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16
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F. Woiwode
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
| | - Thomas J. Wandless
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305-5080
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17
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Horikawa M, Busch-Petersen J, Corey E. Enantioselective synthesis of β-hydroxy-α-amino acid esters by aldol coupling using a chiral quaternary ammonium salt as catalyst. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)00636-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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19
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Soloshonok VA, Hayashi T. Gold(I)-catalyzed asymmetric aldol reactions of fluorinated benzaldehydes with an α-isocyanoacetamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0957-4166(94)80059-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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21
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22
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Ito Y, Sawamura M, Kobayashi M, Hayashi T. Asymmetric aldol reaction of α-isocyanoacetamides with aldehydes catalyzed by a chiral ferrocenylphosphine-gold(I) complex. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)82336-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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23
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Jacobsen-Bauer A, Simchen G. Synthesis of 2-(phenyltrifluoroacetylamino)-3-(trimethylsiloxy) alkanoic acid and N-phenyl-N-trifluoroacetyldehydroamino acid esters. Tetrahedron 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)86042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Fitzi R, Seebach D. Enantiomerentrennung von (R,S)-2-(tert-Butyl)-3-methyl-4-imidazolidinon, einem chiralen Baustein für die Aminosäuresynthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.19860980426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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25
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