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Malyarenko TV, Kicha AA, Stonik VA, Ivanchina NV. Sphingolipids of Asteroidea and Holothuroidea: Structures and Biological Activities. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:330. [PMID: 34200995 PMCID: PMC8228791 DOI: 10.3390/md19060330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingolipids are complex lipids widespread in nature as structural components of biomembranes. Commonly, the sphingolipids of marine organisms differ from those of terrestrial animals and plants. The gangliosides are the most complex sphingolipids characteristic of vertebrates that have been found in only the Echinodermata (echinoderms) phylum of invertebrates. Sphingolipids of the representatives of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes are the most studied among all echinoderms. In this review, we have summarized the data on sphingolipids of these two classes of marine invertebrates over the past two decades. Recently established structures, properties, and peculiarities of biogenesis of ceramides, cerebrosides, and gangliosides from starfishes and holothurians are discussed. The purpose of this review is to provide the most complete information on the chemical structures, structural features, and biological activities of sphingolipids of the Asteroidea and Holothuroidea classes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timofey V. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.A.S.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Str. 8, 690000 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Alla A. Kicha
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.A.S.)
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.A.S.)
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Natural Sciences, Far Eastern Federal University, Sukhanova Str. 8, 690000 Vladivostok, Russia
| | - Natalia V. Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100-let Vladivostoku 159, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.A.K.); (V.A.S.)
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Abstract
Sialic acids are cytoprotectors, mainly localized on the surface of cell membranes with multiple and outstanding cell biological functions. The history of their structural analysis, occurrence, and functions is fascinating and described in this review. Reports from different researchers on apparently similar substances from a variety of biological materials led to the identification of a 9-carbon monosaccharide, which in 1957 was designated "sialic acid." The most frequently occurring member of the sialic acid family is N-acetylneuraminic acid, followed by N-glycolylneuraminic acid and O-acetylated derivatives, and up to now over about 80 neuraminic acid derivatives have been described. They appeared first in the animal kingdom, ranging from echinoderms up to higher animals, in many microorganisms, and are also expressed in insects, but are absent in higher plants. Sialic acids are masks and ligands and play as such dual roles in biology. Their involvement in immunology and tumor biology, as well as in hereditary diseases, cannot be underestimated. N-Glycolylneuraminic acid is very special, as this sugar cannot be expressed by humans, but is a xenoantigen with pathogenetic potential. Sialidases (neuraminidases), which liberate sialic acids from cellular compounds, had been known from very early on from studies with influenza viruses. Sialyltransferases, which are responsible for the sialylation of glycans and elongation of polysialic acids, are studied because of their significance in development and, for instance, in cancer. As more information about the functions in health and disease is acquired, the use of sialic acids in the treatment of diseases is also envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Schauer
- Biochemisches Institut, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
| | - Johannis P Kamerling
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
This review begins by attempting to recount some of the pioneering discoveries that first identified the presence of gangliosides in the nervous system, their structures and topography. This is presented as prelude to the current emphasis on physiological function, about which much has been learned but still remains to be elucidated. These areas include ganglioside roles in nervous system development including stem cell biology, membranes and organelles within neurons and glia, ion transport mechanisms, receptor modulation including neurotrophic factor receptors, and importantly the pathophysiological role of ganglioside aberrations in neurodegenerative disorders. This relates to their potential as therapeutic agents, especially in those conditions characterized by deficiency of one or more specific gangliosides. Finally we attempt to speculate on future directions ganglioside research is likely to take so as to capitalize on the impressive progress to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Ledeen
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA.
| | - Gusheng Wu
- Division of Neurochemistry, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology & Neuroscience, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA
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Tantry MA, Idris A, Khan IA. Glycosylsphingolipids from Euonymus japonicus Thunb. Fitoterapia 2013; 89:58-67. [PMID: 23685045 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 05/06/2013] [Accepted: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The stem bark of Euonymus japonicus Thunb. led to the isolation of three new glycosylsphingolipids (1-3), 1-O-[-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(2S,3R,9E)-2-N-[(2R)-hydroxystearoyl]-octadecasphinga-9-ene (euojaposphingoside A, 1), 1-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(2S,3R,4R,11E)-2-N-[(2R)-hydroxydocasanoyl]-octadecasphinga-11-ene (euojaposphingoside B, 2), 1-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-2'-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(2S,3R,4R,11E)-2-N-[(2R)-hydroxytetracosanoyl]-octadecasphinga-11-ene (euojaposphingoside C, 3) along with three known glycosylsphingolipids (4-6), 1-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(2S,3R,9E)-3-hydroxymethyl-2-N-[(2R)-hydroxynonacosanoyl)-tridecasphinga-9-ene (4), 1-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(2S,3R,9E,12E)-2-N-[(2R)-hydroxytetracosanoyl] octadecasphinga-9,12-diene (5), 1-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl]-(2S,3R,5R,9E)-2-N-[tridecanoyl] nonacosasphinga-9-ene (6), lupeol (7), stigmasterol (8), sitosterol (β and α) (9,10) and β-carotene (11). The structure of all the compounds was achieved by spectroscopic and chemical data analysis. The antiplasmodial, antileismanial and cytotoxic activity of all compounds was tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudasir A Tantry
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS 38677, USA.
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Dong G, Xu T, Yang B, Lin X, Zhou X, Yang X, Liu Y. Chemical constituents and bioactivities of starfish. Chem Biodivers 2011; 8:740-91. [PMID: 21560228 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200900344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Starfish have been the research topic in many chemical and pharmacological laboratories due to their complex secondary metabolites and diverse bioactivities. The aim of this review is to provide an up-to-date review on the chemistry and bioactivity of compounds isolated from all kinds of starfish to illustrate the chemodiversity and biological significance of these constituents, along with their geographical distribution where it is discernible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Dong
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bio-resources Sustainable Utilization, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 164 West Xingang Road, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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Miyamoto T, Higuchi R. Glycosphingolipids of Echinoderms-The Chemical Diversity of Carbohydrate and Ceramide Structure-. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2010. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.68.501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Cheng SY, Wen ZH, Chiou SF, Tsai CW, Wang SK, Hsu CH, Dai CF, Chiang MY, Wang WH, Duh CY. Ceramide and cerebrosides from the octocoral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2009; 72:465-468. [PMID: 19006372 DOI: 10.1021/np800362g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the octocoral Sarcophyton ehrenbergi, collected at the Dongsha Islands, Taiwan, has led to the isolation of a known ceramide (1) and two new cerebrosides, sarcoehrenosides A (2) and B (4), along with three known cerebrosides (3, 5, and 6). The structures of the new compounds were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Sarcoehrenoside A (2) differs from previously known marine cerebrosides in that it possesses a rare alpha-glucose moiety. Compounds 1-6 were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against a small panel of bacteria and for anti-inflammatory activity using RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Yie Cheng
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Isolation, structural determination and cytotoxic activity of two new ceramides from the root of Isatis indigotica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-008-0146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Inagaki M. [Structure and biological activity of glycosphingolipids from starfish and feather stars]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2008; 128:1187-94. [PMID: 18670184 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.128.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Glycosphingolipids (GSLs) are contained in a various cell membranes and have recently been implicated in many physiologic functions. They are classified based on their sugar moieties into ceramides, cerebrosides, sulfatides, ceramide-oligohexosides, globosides, and gangliosides. A number of GSLs have been obtained from marine invertebrates such as echinoderms, poriferans, and mollusks and have unique biological activities. During the course of our search for biologically active GSLs from echinoderms, we conducted the isolation and structural elucidation of GSLs from starfish and feather stars and found numerous GSLs, some of which have unique structures. In particular, gangliosides from feather stars were unique in that the sialic acids bind to inositol-phosphoceramide. We also found that the GSLs from starfish and feather stars possess neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line PC12, antihyperglycemic effects against type 2 diabetic BKS. Cg-m+/+Leprdb/J (db/db) mice, and antiosteoporosis effects toward the osteoporosis model mice (OVX mice). These biological activities are thought to be related to dementia, osteoporosis, and diabetes, which are becoming social problems, and are expected to become the seeds of preventive or therapeutic drugs for these illness.
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Costantino V, de Rosa C, Fattorusso E, Imperatore C, Mangoni A, Irace C, Maffettone C, Capasso D, Malorni L, Palumbo R, Pedone C. Oreacerebrosides: Bioactive Cerebrosides with a Triunsaturated Sphingoid Base from the Sea StarOreaster reticulatus. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Li X, Sun DD, Chen JW, He LW, Zhang HQ, Xu HQ. New sphingolipids from the root of Isatis indigotica and their cytotoxic activity. Fitoterapia 2007; 78:490-5. [PMID: 17590532 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two new sphingolipids were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of traditional Chinese medicinal plant Isatis indigotica. Their structures were elucidated as (2S,3R)-3-hydroxymethyl-N-(2'-hydroxynonacosanoyl)-trideca-9E-sphingenine(1) and 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R)-3-hydroxymethyl-N-(2'-hydroxynonacosanoyl)-trideca-9E-sphingenine(2) on the basis of spectroscopic data. Their cytotoxic effects were evaluated by using MTT method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Li
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 210029, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Kaneko M, Yamada K, Miyamoto T, Inagaki M, Higuchi R. Neuritogenic Activity of Gangliosides from Echinoderms and Their Structure-Activity Relationship. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2007; 55:462-3. [PMID: 17329892 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.55.462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effects of the gangliosides isolated from echinoderms on the neuritogenesis of a rat pheochromocytoma cell line (PC-12 cells) in the presence of nerve growth factor were investigated. The results show that they displayed neuritogenic activity. Based on the observed results, a structure-activity relationship has been established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Kaneko
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka, Japan
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Higuchi R, Inoue S, Inagaki K, Sakai M, Miyamoto T, Komori T, Inagaki M, Isobe R. Biologically active glycosides from asteroidea, 42. Isolation and structure of a new biologically active ganglioside molecular species from the starfish Asterina pectinifera. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:287-91. [PMID: 16508178 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A ganglioside molecular species GP-3 (1) has been obtained from the water-soluble lipid fraction of the chloroform/methanol extract of the starfish Asterina pectinifera. The structure of the ganglioside has been determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Compound 1 represents new ganglioside molecular species possessing two moles of sialic acids at the inner part of the sugar moiety. Partial hydrolysis by hot water and an enzymatic hydrolysis by means of endoglycoceramidase (EGCase) have proved useful for structure elucidation of the complex oligosaccharide moiety. Moreover, 1 exhibits neuritogenic activity toward the rat pheochromocytoma cell line, PC-12 cells, in the presence of nerve growth factor (NGF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryuichi Higuchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Maidashi, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Inagaki M, Nakata T, Higuchi R. Isolation and structure of a galactocerebroside molecular species from the starfish Culcita novaeguineae. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2006; 54:260-1. [PMID: 16462079 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.54.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A galactocerebroside molecular species, CNC-2, has been isolated from the less polar lipid fraction of a chloroform/methanol extract of the starfish Culcita novaeguineae. The structure of this galactocerebroside molecular species was determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. CNC-2 is a phytosphingosine-type galactocerebroside molecular species with nonhydroxylated and hydroxylated fatty acyl moieties. The isolation of a galactocerebroside from echinoderms is rare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Inagaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Higuchi R, Harano Y, Mitsuyuki M, Isobe R, Yamada K, Miyamoto T, Komori T. Biologically Active Glycosides from Asteroidea, XXXIV. Isolation and Structure of Cerebrosides from the Starfish Stellaster equestris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kawatake S, Nakamura K, Inagaki M, Higuchi R. Isolation and structure determination of six glucocerebrosides from the starfish Luidia maculata. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2002; 50:1091-6. [PMID: 12192142 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.50.1091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Two new glucocerebrosides, luidiacerebroside A (2) and B (6), were isolated from the cerebroside molecular species obtained from the less polar fraction of the CHCl3/MeOH extract of the starfish Luidia maculata using HPLC. Four known cerebrosides, CE-2b (1), astrocerebroside B (3), acanthacerebroside B (4), and CE-3-2 (5) have also been isolated and characterized. The structures of these cerebrosides were determined on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Mass spectrometry of dimethyl disulfide derivatives was useful for the determination of the double-bond position in the long-chain base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kawatake
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Inagaki M, Isobe R, Kawano Y, Miyamoto T, Komori T, Higuchi R. Isolation and Structure of Three New Ceramides from the StarfishAcanthaster planci. European J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(199801)1998:1<129::aid-ejoc129>3.0.co;2-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Miyamoto T, Inagaki M, Isobe R, Tanaka Y, Higuchi R, Iha M, Teruya K. Biologically Active Glycosides from Asteroidea, 36. Re-examination of the Structure of Acanthaganglioside C, and the Identification of Three Minor Acanthagangliosides F, G and H. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199719970522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Structure determination of the major component of the starfish ganglioside molecular species LG-2 by tandem mass spectrometry. Tetrahedron 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(95)00513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Isobe R, Higuchi R, Komori T. Negative-ion fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry of native gangliosides using a high-polar matrix system. Carbohydr Res 1992; 233:231-5. [PMID: 1446310 DOI: 10.1016/s0008-6215(00)90935-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Isobe
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Sugiyama S, Honda M, Komori T. Biologically active glycosides from asteroidea, XXIV. Stereochemistry of the four diastereomers of phytosphingosine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1990199001193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Higuchi R, Kagoshima M, Komori T. Biologically active glycosides from asteroidea, XXII. Glycosphingolipids from the starfishAstropecten latespinosus, I. Structures of three new cerebrosides, astrocerebroside A, B, and C and of related nearly homogeneous cerebrosides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1990199001125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Smirnova GP. Hematoside with 8-O-methyl-N-glycolylneuraminic acid from the starfishLinckia laevigata. Russ Chem Bull 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02499085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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