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Klaßmüller T, Tringali C, Bracher F. A novel approach to 2-arylmethyl-2,3-dihydro-4(1 H)-quinazolinones. Total synthesis of the alkaloids glycozolone-A and glycozolone-B. Nat Prod Res 2024; 38:119-127. [PMID: 35942894 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2110095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
2-Arylmethyl-2,3-dihydro-4(1H)-quinazolinones are a small subgroup of the class of quinazolin-4-one alkaloids, and most published total syntheses require the use of unstable and poorly accessible arylacetaldehydes. Here we show that easily available, stable ω-methoxystyrenes are versatile substitutes for arylacetaldehydes. This new methodology was applied to the total synthesis of the alkaloids glycozolone-A and glycozolone-B. The limitations of this new approach were analyzed as well. In this course, new total syntheses of two 2-arylmethyl-4(1H)-quinazolinone alkaloids (glycosminine, 2-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-4(1H)-quinazolinone) were developed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Klaßmüller
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Claudia Tringali
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy - Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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2
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Lavanya M, Lin C, Mao J, Thirumalai D, Aabaka SR, Yang X, Mao J, Huang Z, Zhao J. Synthesis and Anticancer Properties of Functionalized 1,6-Naphthyridines. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2021; 379:13. [PMID: 33624162 DOI: 10.1007/s41061-020-00314-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The burgeoning interest in synthesis and biological applications of 1,6-naphthyridines reflects the importance of 1,6-naphthyridines in the synthetic as well as medicinal chemistry fields. Specially, 1,6-naphthyridines are pharmacologically active, with variety of applications such as anticancer, anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), anti-microbial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Although collective recent synthetic developments have paved a path to a wide range of functionalized 1,6-naphthyridines, a complete correlation of synthesis with biological activity remains elusive. The current review focuses on recent synthetic developments from the last decade and a thorough study of the anticancer activity of 1,6-naphthyridines on different cancer cell lines. Anticancer activity has been correlated to 1,6-naphthyridines using the literature on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) along with molecular modeling studies. Exceptionally, at the end of this review, the utility of 1,6-naphthyridines displaying activities other than anticancer has also been included as a glimmering extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallu Lavanya
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jincheng Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Sreenath Reddy Aabaka
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojiang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinhua Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyu Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinzhou Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu, 610500, Xindu, People's Republic of China
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3
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Bracher F. Dimethylformamide Acetals and Bredereck’s Reagent as Building Blocks in Natural Products Total Synthesis. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x16666181204122143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylformamide acetals and Bredereck’s reagent (tert-butoxy-bis(dimethylamino)
methane) are versatile C1 building blocks due to their ability to undergo condensation reactions with
CH-acidic methyl and methylene moieties. Subsequent modulation of the resulting condensation
products enables the preparation of open-chain products like aldehydes, ketones, enones, enol ethers,
methyl groups, and, most important in alkaloid total synthesis, the annulation of heterocyclic rings
like pyridines, pyridine-N-oxides, bromopyridines, aminopyridines, aminopyrimidines, pyrroles and
chromenones. In certain cases, these reagents can act as alkylating agents. The applications of these
building blocks in natural products total synthesis are reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Abstract
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A new synthesis of the 2,6-naphthyridine alkaloid 4-methyl-2,6-naphthyridine from Antirrhinum
majus has been developed. Key steps are a regioselective oxidation of 3-bromo-4,5-
dimethylpyridine to the corresponding 4-formyl derivative, and the annulation of the second pyridine
ring by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling using (E)-2-ethoxyvinylboronic acid pinacol ester as a masked
acetaldehyde equivalent. This protocol gives the alkaloid in four steps starting from commercially
available 3,4-dimethylpyridine in 15% overall yield. This annulation protocol should be useful for the
synthesis of other condensed pyridines as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kamlah
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Butenandtstr 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy, Center for Drug Research, Ludwig-Maximilians University, Butenandtstr 5-13, 81377, Munich, Germany
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5
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Amat M, Llor N, Subrizi F, Pérez M, Molins E, Bosch J. Studies on the Regioselectivity of the Cyclization of Tryptophanol-Derived Oxazolopiperidone Lactams. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201201508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Lotter M, Schilling J, Reimann E, Bracher F. First total synthesis of the 2,7-naphthyridine alkaloids lophocladine a and B. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2007; 339:677-9. [PMID: 17109463 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.200600134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The one-pot reaction of 4-benzylpyridine-3-carbonitrile with Bredereck's reagent and subsequent treatment with either glacial acetic acid and sulfuric acid or ammonium acetate provided the new bioactive naphthyridine alkaloids lophocladine A and B, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Lotter
- Department Pharmazie-Zentrum für Pharmaforschung, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandstrasse 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
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Gibson KR, Hitzel L, Mortishire-Smith RJ, Gerhard U, Jelley RA, Reeve AJ, Rowley M, Nadin A, Owens AP. Synthesis and conformational dynamics of tricyclic pyridones containing a fused seven-membered ring. J Org Chem 2002; 67:9354-60. [PMID: 12492338 DOI: 10.1021/jo026411a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A new synthetic approach to tricyclic pyridones bearing a fused seven-membered ring is described. These compounds exhibit atropisomerism and exist in enantiomeric forms. Chiral HPLC separation of the enantiomers has allowed the rates of racemization to be measured and hence the free energy barrier for flipping the seven-membered ring to be deduced. Introduction of a further element of planar chirality leads to diastereomeric atropisomerism. The rate of interconversion of the diastereomers has been quantified by 2D EXSY NMR spectroscopy allowing a full description of the conformational dynamics of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl R Gibson
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Merck Sharp & Dohme Research Laboratories, The Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, UK
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9
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R. Lewis J. Muscarine, imidazole, oxazole, thiazole and peptide alkaloids, and other miscellaneous alkaloids. Nat Prod Rep 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a815371y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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