1
|
Hemmerling F, Piel J. Strategies to access biosynthetic novelty in bacterial genomes for drug discovery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2022; 21:359-378. [PMID: 35296832 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-022-00414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria provide a rich source of natural products with potential therapeutic applications, such as novel antibiotic classes or anticancer drugs. Bioactivity-guided screening of bacterial extracts and characterization of biosynthetic pathways for drug discovery is now complemented by the availability of large (meta)genomic collections, placing researchers into the postgenomic, big-data era. The progress in next-generation sequencing and the rise of powerful computational tools provide unprecedented insights into unexplored taxa, ecological niches and 'biosynthetic dark matter', revealing diverse and chemically distinct natural products in previously unstudied bacteria. In this Review, we discuss such sources of new chemical entities and the implications for drug discovery with a particular focus on the strategies that have emerged in recent years to identify and access novelty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hemmerling
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Menche D. Design and Synthesis of Simplified Polyketide Analogs: New Modalities beyond the Rule of 5. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2068-2074. [PMID: 33755304 PMCID: PMC8360190 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural products provide important lead structures for development of pharmaceutical agents or present attractive tools for medicinal chemistry. However, structurally complex and thus less accessible metabolites defying conventional drug-like properties, as expressed by Pfizer's rule of five, have received less attention as medicinal leads. Traditionally, research focus has been on realizing total syntheses rather than developing more readily available analogs to resolve the critical supply issue. However, very recent studies with complex myxobacterial polyketides have demonstrated that considerable structural simplification may be realized with retention of biological potencies. The context, underlying rationale and importance of tailored synthetic strategies of three such case studies are presented, which may inspire further related activities and may eventually help exploiting the largely untapped biological potential of complex metabolites in general.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Menche
- Kekulé-Institut für Organische Chemie und BiochemieUniversität BonnGerhard-Domagk-Strasse 153121BonnGermany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lam NYS, Stockdale TP, Anketell MJ, Paterson I. Conquering peaks and illuminating depths: developing stereocontrolled organic reactions to unlock nature's macrolide treasure trove. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:3171-3189. [PMID: 33666631 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc00442e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The structural complexity and biological importance of macrolide natural products has inspired the development of innovative strategies for their chemical synthesis. With their dense stereochemical content, high level of oxygenation and macrocyclic cores, we viewed the efficient total synthesis of these valuable compounds as an aspirational driver towards developing robust methods and strategies for their construction. Starting out from the initial development of our versatile asymmetric aldol methodology, this personal perspective reflects on an adventurous journey, with all its trials, tribulations and serendipitous discoveries, across the total synthesis, in our group, of a representative selection of six macrolide natural products of marine and terrestrial origin - swinholide A, spongistatin 1, spirastrellolide A, leiodermatolide, chivosazole F and actinoallolide A.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Y S Lam
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heravi MM, Zadsirjan V, Daraie M, Ghanbarian M. Applications of Wittig Reaction in the Total Synthesis of Natural Macrolides. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202002192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceAlzahra University, Vanak, Tehran Iran
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceAlzahra University, Vanak, Tehran Iran
| | - Mansoureh Daraie
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceAlzahra University, Vanak, Tehran Iran
| | - Manizheh Ghanbarian
- Department of Chemistry, School of ScienceAlzahra University, Vanak, Tehran Iran
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Heravi MM, Mohammadkhani L. Recent applications of Stille reaction in total synthesis of natural products: An update. J Organomet Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2018.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
6
|
Challenges and discoveries in the total synthesis of complex polyketide natural products. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2017; 71:215-233. [DOI: 10.1038/ja.2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
7
|
Pasamontes A, Aksenov AA, Schivo M, Rowles T, Smith CR, Schwacke LH, Wells RS, Yeates L, Venn-Watson S, Davis CE. Noninvasive Respiratory Metabolite Analysis Associated with Clinical Disease in Cetaceans: A Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2017; 51:5737-5746. [PMID: 28406294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Health assessments of wild cetaceans can be challenging due to the difficulty of gaining access to conventional diagnostic matrices of blood, serum and others. While the noninvasive detection of metabolites in exhaled breath could potentially help to address this problem, there exists a knowledge gap regarding associations between known disease states and breath metabolite profiles in cetaceans. This technology was applied to the largest marine oil spill in U.S. history (The 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico). An accurate analysis was performed to test for associations between the exhaled breath metabolome and sonographic lung abnormalities as well as hematological, serum biochemical, and endocrine hormone parameters. Importantly, metabolites consistent with chronic inflammation, such as products of lung epithelial cellular breakdown and arachidonic acid cascade metabolites were associated with sonographic evidence of lung consolidation. Exhaled breath condensate (EBC) metabolite profiles also correlated with serum hormone concentrations (cortisol and aldosterone), hepatobiliary enzyme levels, white blood cell counts, and iron homeostasis. The correlations among breath metabolites and conventional health measures suggest potential application of breath sampling for remotely assessing health of wild cetaceans. This methodology may hold promise for large cetaceans in the wild for which routine collection of blood and respiratory anomalies are not currently feasible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Pasamontes
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Alexander A Aksenov
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Michael Schivo
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California , 4150 V Street, Suite 3400, Sacramento, California 95817, United States
- Center for Comparative Respiratory Biology and Medicine, University of California , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Teri Rowles
- Office of Protected Resources, National Marine Fisheries Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910, United States
| | - Cynthia R Smith
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Lori H Schwacke
- National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Randall S Wells
- Chicago Zoological Society's Sarasota Dolphin Research Program, c/o Mote Marine Laboratory, 1600 Ken Thompson Parkway, Sarasota, Florida 34236, United States
| | - Laura Yeates
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Stephanie Venn-Watson
- National Marine Mammal Foundation, 2240 Shelter Island Drive, Suite 200, San Diego, California 92106, United States
| | - Cristina E Davis
- Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California , One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Williams S, Jin J, Kan SBJ, Li M, Gibson LJ, Paterson I. An Expedient Total Synthesis of Chivosazole F: an Actin-Binding Antimitotic Macrolide from the Myxobacterium Sorangium Cellulosum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:645-649. [PMID: 27897365 PMCID: PMC6680201 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201610636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A unified strategy for the chemical synthesis of the chivosazoles is described. This strategy is based on two closely related approaches involving the late‐stage installation of the isomerization‐prone (2Z,4E,6Z,8E)‐tetraenoate motif, and an expedient fragment‐assembly procedure. The result is a highly convergent total synthesis of chivosazole F through the orchestration of three mild Pd/Cu‐mediated Stille cross‐coupling reactions, including the use of a one‐pot, site‐selective, three‐component process, in combination with controlled installation of the requisite alkene geometry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Williams
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Jialu Jin
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - S B Jennifer Kan
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Mungyuen Li
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Lisa J Gibson
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Williams S, Jin J, Kan SBJ, Li M, Gibson LJ, Paterson I. An Expedient Total Synthesis of Chivosazole F: an Actin-Binding Antimitotic Macrolide from the Myxobacterium Sorangium Cellulosum. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201610636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Williams
- University Chemical Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Jialu Jin
- University Chemical Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - S. B. Jennifer Kan
- University Chemical Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Mungyuen Li
- University Chemical Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Lisa J. Gibson
- University Chemical Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| | - Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory; University of Cambridge; Lensfield Road Cambridge CB2 1EW UK
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Affiliation(s)
- Silke C. Wenzel
- Saarland University; Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Saarland University Campus, Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| | - Rolf Müller
- Saarland University; Department of Microbial Natural Products, Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology; Saarland University Campus, Building E8.1 66123 Saarbrücken Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Helfrich EJN, Piel J. Biosynthesis of polyketides by trans-AT polyketide synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:231-316. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the biosynthesis of natural products that are generated bytrans-AT polyketide synthases, a family of catalytically versatile enzymes that represents one of the major group of proteins involved in the production of bioactive polyketides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. N. Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Elshahawi SI, Shaaban KA, Kharel MK, Thorson JS. A comprehensive review of glycosylated bacterial natural products. Chem Soc Rev 2015; 44:7591-697. [PMID: 25735878 PMCID: PMC4560691 DOI: 10.1039/c4cs00426d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 307] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of all naturally-occurring glycosylated bacterial secondary metabolites reported in the scientific literature up through early 2013 is presented. This comprehensive analysis of 15 940 bacterial natural products revealed 3426 glycosides containing 344 distinct appended carbohydrates and highlights a range of unique opportunities for future biosynthetic study and glycodiversification efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif I Elshahawi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Khaled A Shaaban
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Madan K Kharel
- School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, Maryland, USA
| | - Jon S Thorson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. and Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
Abstract
The first synthesis of the highly biologically active chivosazole F is described. It features an intramolecular Stille coupling for the macrolactone formation and thereby circumvents the problem of isomerization associated with the tetraene segment. Additionally, the synthesis confirms the structure which has been proposed based solely on a combination of NMR/computational methods and genetic analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Brodmann
- Centre for Biomolecular Drug Research (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1b, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Paterson I, Gibson LJ, Kan SBJ. Synthesis of the C15-C35 northern hemisphere subunit of the chivosazoles. Org Lett 2010; 12:5530-3. [PMID: 21043512 DOI: 10.1021/ol102425n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
An advanced C15-C35 subunit of the chivosazole polyene macrolides was prepared in a convergent manner, exploiting boron-mediated aldol reactions for the stereocontrolled construction of the C15-C26 and C27-C35 segments, followed by their Pd/Cu-promoted Stille coupling to configure the signature (23E,25E,27Z)-triene motif. Correlation with a known C28-C35 degradation fragment of chivosazole A was also achieved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Brodmann T, Janssen D, Sasse F, Irschik H, Jansen R, Müller R, Kalesse M. Isolation and Synthesis of Chivotriene, a Chivosazole Shunt Product from Sorangium cellulosum. European J Org Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
17
|
Paterson I, Kan SBJ, Gibson LJ. Synthesis of the C1−C13 Tetraenoate Subunit of the Chivosazoles. Org Lett 2010; 12:3724-7. [DOI: 10.1021/ol101630p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Paterson
- University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| | | | - Lisa J. Gibson
- University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
This review discusses the biosynthesis of natural products that are generated by trans-AT polyketide synthases, a family of catalytically versatile enzymes that have recently been recognized as one of the major group of proteins involved in the production of bioactive polyketides. 436 references are cited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jörn Piel
- Kekulé Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Weissman KJ, Müller R. Myxobacterial secondary metabolites: bioactivities and modes-of-action. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27:1276-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c001260m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
20
|
Diestel R, Irschik H, Jansen R, Khalilâ MW, Reichenbach H, Sasse F. Chivosazoles A and F, Cytostatic Macrolides from Myxobacteria, Interfere with Actin. Chembiochem 2009; 10:2900-3. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
21
|
Wenzel SC, Müller R. Myxobacteria--'microbial factories' for the production of bioactive secondary metabolites. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2009; 5:567-74. [PMID: 19462013 DOI: 10.1039/b901287g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we briefly review the potential of myxobacteria as 'natural product factories' by highlighting results from the recently sequenced myxobacterial model strain Myxococcus xanthus. We will focus on the production of polyketides, non-ribosomally-made peptides, and their hybrids, and discuss the evaluation of biosynthetic potential using genome-based methods, as well as biosynthetic process engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Silke C Wenzel
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
A brief tour of myxobacterial secondary metabolism. Bioorg Med Chem 2009; 17:2121-36. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Revised: 11/07/2008] [Accepted: 11/11/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
23
|
Jensen NA, Gerth K, Grotjohann T, Kapp D, Keck M, Niehaus K. Establishment of a high content assay for the identification and characterisation of bioactivities in crude bacterial extracts that interfere with the eukaryotic cell cycle. J Biotechnol 2009; 140:124-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2008.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
|
24
|
Eggert U, Diestel R, Sasse F, Jansen R, Kunze B, Kalesse M. Chondramid C: Synthese, Strukturaufklärung und Struktur-Aktivitäts-Beziehungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200801156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
25
|
Eggert U, Diestel R, Sasse F, Jansen R, Kunze B, Kalesse M. Chondramide C: Synthesis, Configurational Assignment, and Structure-Activity Relationship Studies. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:6478-82. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.200801156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
|
26
|
Gerth K, Steinmetz H, Höfle G, Jansen R. Chlorotonil A, a macrolide with a unique gem-dichloro-1,3-dione functionality from Sorangium cellulosum, So ce1525. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:600-2. [PMID: 18058875 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200703993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Gerth
- Helmholtz-Zentrum für Infektionsforschung, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Gerth K, Steinmetz H, Höfle G, Jansen R. Chlorotonil A, ein Macrolid mit einzigartigergem-Dichlor-1,3-dionfunktion ausSorangium cellulosum, So ce1525. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200703993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
28
|
Menche D. New methods for stereochemical determination of complex polyketides: configurational assignment of novel metabolites from myxobacteria. Nat Prod Rep 2008; 25:905-18. [DOI: 10.1039/b707989n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
29
|
Janssen D, Albert D, Jansen R, Müller R, Kalesse M. Chivosazol A – Aufklärung der absoluten und relativen Konfiguration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200605198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
30
|
Janssen D, Albert D, Jansen R, Müller R, Kalesse M. Chivosazole A—Elucidation of the Absolute and Relative Configuration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 46:4898-901. [PMID: 17506055 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200605198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Janssen
- Zentrum für Biomolekulare Wirkstoffe (BMWZ), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Schneiderberg 1B, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rachid S, Gerth K, Kochems I, Müller R. Deciphering regulatory mechanisms for secondary metabolite production in the myxobacterium Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. Mol Microbiol 2007; 63:1783-96. [PMID: 17367395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2007.05627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Sorangium cellulosum strains produce approximately 50% of the biologically active secondary metabolites known from myxobacteria. These metabolites include several compounds of biotechnological importance such as the epothilones and chivosazols, which, respectively, stabilize the tubulin and actin skeletons of eukaryotic cells. S. cellulosum is characterized by its slow growth rate, and natural products are typically produced in low yield. In this study, biomagnetic bead separation of promoter-binding proteins and subsequent inactivation experiments were employed to identify the chivosazol regulator, ChiR, as a positive regulator of chivosazol biosynthesis in the genome-sequenced strain So ce56. Overexpression of chiR under the control of T7A1 promoter in a merodiploid mutant resulted in fivefold overproduction of chivosazol in a kinetic shake flask experiment, and 2.5-fold overproduction by fermentation. Using quantitative reverse transcription PCR and gel shift experiments employing heterologously expressed ChiR, we have shown that transcription of the chivosazol biosynthetic genes (chiA-chiF) is directly controlled by this protein. In addition, we have demonstrated that ChiR serves as a pleiotropic regulator in S. cellulosum, because mutant strains lack the ability to develop into regular fruiting bodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shwan Rachid
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
|
33
|
Wenzel SC, Müller R. Myxobacterial natural product assembly lines: fascinating examples of curious biochemistry. Nat Prod Rep 2007; 24:1211-24. [DOI: 10.1039/b706416k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
34
|
Müller R, Gerth K. Development of simple media which allow investigations into the global regulation of chivosazol biosynthesis with Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. J Biotechnol 2006; 121:192-200. [PMID: 16321454 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 10/04/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Media, completely different with respect to their complexity, were investigated for growth and secondary metabolism with Sorangium cellulosum strain So ce56. While technical substrates are best for metabolite production, these media are not suitable to study gene expressions. Free amino acids as present in soluble media based on peptones were found to inhibit polyketide biosynthesis. Therefore synthetic growth and production media were developed. Different nitrogen- and carbon sources as well as trace elements were studied with respect to growth and regulation of chivosazol biosynthesis. A simple defined medium with asparagine as nitrogen source, glucose as carbon source and zinc ions as essential trace element is proposed for future studies into secondary metabolism using transcriptomics and proteomics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Müller
- Saarland University, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, P.O. Box 151150, Saarbrücken 66041, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Bode HB, Müller R. Analysis of myxobacterial secondary metabolism goes molecular. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2006; 33:577-88. [PMID: 16491362 DOI: 10.1007/s10295-006-0082-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2005] [Accepted: 01/10/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During the last 20 years myxobacteria have made their way from highly exotic organisms to one of the major sources of microbial secondary metabolites besides actinomycetes and fungi. The pharmaceutical interest in these peculiar prokaryotes lies in their ability to produce a variety of structurally unique compounds and/or metabolites with rare biological activities. This review deals with the recent progress toward a better understanding of the biology, the genetics, the biochemistry and the regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis in myxobacteria. These research efforts paved the way to sophisticated in vitro studies and to the heterologous expression of complete biosynthetic pathways in conjunction with their targeted manipulation. The progress made is a prerequisite for using the vast resource of myxobacterial diversity regarding secondary metabolism more efficiently in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helge B Bode
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, 66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Perlova O, Gerth K, Kaiser O, Hans A, Müller R. Identification and analysis of the chivosazol biosynthetic gene cluster from the myxobacterial model strain Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. J Biotechnol 2006; 121:174-91. [PMID: 16313990 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2005.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Revised: 09/22/2005] [Accepted: 10/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Myxobacteria belonging to the genus Sorangium are known to produce a variety of biologically active secondary metabolites. Chivosazol is a macrocyclic antibiotic active against yeast, filamentous fungi and especially against mammalian cells. The compound specifically destroys the actin skeleton of eucaryotic cells and does not show activity against bacteria. Chivosazol contains an oxazole ring and a glycosidically bound 6-deoxyglucose (except for chivosazol F). In this paper we describe the biosynthetic gene cluster that directs chivosazol biosynthesis in the model strain Sorangium cellulosum So ce56. This biosynthetic gene cluster spans 92 kbp on the chromosome and contains four polyketide synthase genes and one hybrid polyketide synthase/nonribosomal peptide synthetase gene. An additional gene encoding a protein with similarity to different methyltransferases and presumably involved in post-polyketide modification was identified downstream of the core biosynthetic gene cluster. The chivosazol biosynthetic gene locus belongs to the recently identified and rapidly growing class of trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases, which do not contain acyltransferase domains integrated into the multimodular megasynthetases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olena Perlova
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Saarland University, P.O. Box 151150, D-66041 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kopp M, Irschik H, Gross F, Perlova O, Sandmann A, Gerth K, Müller R. Critical variations of conjugational DNA transfer into secondary metabolite multiproducing Sorangium cellulosum strains So ce12 and So ce56: development of a mariner-based transposon mutagenesis system. J Biotechnol 2004; 107:29-40. [PMID: 14687969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Myxobacteria increasingly gain attention as a source of bioactive natural products. The genus Sorangium produces almost half of the secondary metabolites isolated from these microorganisms. Nevertheless, genetic systems for Sorangium strains are poorly developed, which makes the identification of the genes directing natural product biosynthesis difficult. Using biparental and triparental mating, we have developed methodologies for DNA transfer from Escherichia coli via conjugation for the genome sequencing model strain So ce56 and the secondary metabolite multiproducing strain So ce12. The conjugation protocol developed for strain So ce56 is not applicable to other Sorangium strains. Crucial points for the conjugation are the ratio of E. coli and Sorangium cellulosum cells, the choice of liquid or solid medium, the time used for the conjugation process and antibiotic selection in liquid medium prior to the plating of cells. A mariner-based transposon containing a hygromycin resistance gene was generated and used as the selectable marker for S. cellulosum. The transposon randomly integrates into the chromosome of both strains. As a proof of principle, S. cellulosum So ce12 transposon mutants were screened using an overlay assay to target the chivosazole biosynthetic gene cluster.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maren Kopp
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH (GBF), Mascheroder Weg 1, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gerth K, Pradella S, Perlova O, Beyer S, Müller R. Myxobacteria: proficient producers of novel natural products with various biological activities—past and future biotechnological aspects with the focus on the genus Sorangium. J Biotechnol 2003; 106:233-53. [PMID: 14651865 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2003.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 222] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Myxobacteria are gram-negative bacteria which are most noted for their ability to form fruiting bodies upon starvation. Within the last two decades, they increasingly gained attention as producers of natural products with biological activity. Here, recent and future biotechnological research on certain key myxobacteria and on their ability to produce natural products is reviewed with the focus on the production of myxovirescin, soraphen and epothilone. Aspects of product improvement and yield as well as statistics regarding secondary metabolite formation are discussed. Future research will deal with the exploitation of the biosynthetic potential of the myxobacteria, for example via the isolation of new myxobacterial species with different physiological properties. Additionally, the genetic potential of myxobacteria to form natural products can be exploited by the identification and activation of biosynthetic gene clusters. These can be found frequently within their genomes, which is shown by the analysis of the unfinished genomes of Myxococcus xanthus and Sorangium cellulosum. The current status of the S. cellulosum functional genome project with model strain So ce56 is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Gerth
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH (GBF), Mascheroder Weg 1, Braunschweig 38124, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Jansen R, Kunze B, Reichenbach H, Höfle G. Apicularen A and B, Cytotoxic 10-Membered Lactones with a Novel Mechanism of Action fromChondromyces Species (Myxobacteria): Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biosynthesis. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200003)2000:6%3c913::aid-ejoc913%3e3.0.co%3b2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
40
|
Jansen R, Kunze B, Reichenbach H, Höfle G. Apicularen A and B, Cytotoxic 10-Membered Lactones with a Novel Mechanism of Action fromChondromyces Species (Myxobacteria): Isolation, Structure Elucidation, and Biosynthesis. European J Org Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-0690(200003)2000:6<913::aid-ejoc913>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
41
|
Beyer S, Kunze B, Silakowski B, Müller R. Metabolic diversity in myxobacteria: identification of the myxalamid and the stigmatellin biosynthetic gene cluster of Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15 and a combined polyketide-(poly)peptide gene cluster from the epothilone producing strain Sorangium cellulosum So ce90. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1999; 1445:185-95. [PMID: 10320771 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00041-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Myxobacterial strains producing polyketides (PKs) assumed to be biosynthesized by a type I polyketide synthase (PKS) were analysed. Myxobacteria also produce a variety of polypeptides (PP) and PKs with incorporated amino acids ('mixed PK-PP'). In order to be able to identify the biosynthetic gene clusters for these metabolites a PCR based approach has been developed to clone ketosynthase (KS) domains of PKS genes from these organisms. Conserved regions of peptide synthetases of the non-ribosomal type (NRPS) were also amplified via PCR. KS fragments from Stigmatella aurantiaca Sg a15 were used for chromosomal gene inactivation experiments resulting in a series of mutants including such that were unable to produce stigmatellins and myxalamids. A NRPS fragment and PKS fragments from Sorangium cellulosum So ce90 were used to identify cosmids hybridizing with both types of probes from a genomic library. Both a NRPS and a PKS fragment were cloned and sequenced from a relatively short restriction fragment of one of these cosmids. The method described here should be very useful to clone and identify PKS, NRPS and mixed PKS-NRPS from myxobacteria in general and thereby open opportunities to use the biochemical diversity of these bacteria for genetic engineering and combinatorial biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Beyer
- Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, 38124, Braunschweig, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|