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Naqvi SAR. 99m Tc-labeled antibiotics for infection diagnosis: Mechanism, action, and progress. Chem Biol Drug Des 2021; 99:56-74. [PMID: 34265177 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Discovery of penicillin marked a turning point in the history of infection therapy which also led to the emergence of bacterial resistance. It is now 100 years to fight with ever-muted variants of pathogens by developing more and more antibiotics. Since 1987 to todate, no successful class of antibiotic was introduced; this three decade period is known as "the discovery void" period. While, the clinically approved antibiotics are gradually dying in front of bacterial resistance due to which bacterial infections are appearing leading cause of death and disability. Nuclear medicine imaging technique is the strongest modality to diagnose and follow-up of deep-seated and complicated infections. However, the selection of radiolabeled antimicrobial agents plays critical role in gaining sensitivity and specificity of the imaging results. This review comprises of two main sections; first section explains antibiotic targets, and second section explains the imaging efficacy of 99m Tc-labeled antimicrobial agents against bacterial infection along with the emphasis on progress and update of 99m Tc-labeled antibiotics as infection imaging probes. The review, in conclusion, could be an acceleration for radiopharmaceutical chemists for designing and developing 99m Tc-labeled antimicrobial agents to improve infection imaging quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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2
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Recent Progress in the Molecular Imaging of Tumor-Treating Bacteria. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 55:7-14. [PMID: 33643484 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-021-00689-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial cancer therapy (BCT) approaches have been extensively investigated because bacteria can show unique features of strong tropism for cancer, proliferation inside tumors, and antitumor immunity, while bacteria are also possible agents for drug delivery. Despite the rapidly increasing number of preclinical studies using BCT to overcome the limitations of conventional cancer treatments, very few BCT studies have advanced to clinical trials. In patients undergoing BCT, the precise localization and quantification of bacterial density in different body locations is important; however, most clinical trials have used subjective clinical signs and invasive sampling to confirm bacterial colonization. There is therefore a need to improve the visualization of bacterial densities using noninvasive and repetitive in vivo imaging techniques that can facilitate the clinical translation of BCT. In vivo optical imaging techniques using bioluminescence and fluorescence, which are extensively employed to image the therapeutic process of BCT in small animal research, are hard to apply to the human body because of their low penetrative power. Thus, new imaging techniques need to be developed for clinical trials. In this review, we provide an overview of the various in vivo bacteria-specific imaging techniques available for visualizing tumor-treating bacteria in BCT studies.
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Silindir-Gunay M, Ozer AY. 99mTc-radiolabeled Levofloxacin and micelles as infection and inflammation imaging agents. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020; 56:101571. [PMID: 32288835 PMCID: PMC7104933 DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Easy and early detection of infection and inflammation is essential for early and effective treatment. In this study, PEGylated micelles were designed and both micelles and Levofloxacin were radiolabeled with 99mTcO4 - to develop potential radiotracers for detection of infection/inflammation. Radiolabeling efficiency, in vitro stability and bacterial binding of 99mTc-Levofloxacin and 99mTc-micelles were compared. The aim of this study is to formulate and compare 99mTc-Levofloxacin and 99mTc-micelles as infection and inflammation agents having different mechanisms for the accumulation at infection and inflammation site. PEGylated micelles were designed with a particle size of 80 ± 0.7 nm and proper characterization properties. High radiolabeling efficiency was achieved for 99mTc-Levofloxacin (96%) and 99mTc-micelles (87%). The radiolabeling efficiency was remained stable with some insignificant alterations for both radiotracers at 25 °C for 24 h. Although in vitro bacterial binding of 99mTc-levofloxacine was higher than 99mTc-micelles, 99mTc-micelles may also be evaluated potential agent due to long circulation and passive accumulation mechanisms at infection/inflammation site. Both radiopharmaceutical agents exhibit potential results in design, characterization, radiolabeling efficiency and in vitro bacterial binding point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Silindir-Gunay
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asuman Yekta Ozer
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, 06100, Sıhhiye, Ankara, Turkey
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Radiosynthesis and Biodistribution of 99mTc-Metronidazole as an Escherichia coli Infection Imaging Radiopharmaceutical. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2017; 185:127-139. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2641-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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5
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Dutta J, Naicker T, Ebenhan T, Kruger HG, Arvidsson PI, Govender T. Synthetic approaches to radiochemical probes for imaging of bacterial infections. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 133:287-308. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rasheed R, Naqvi SAR, Gillani SJH, Zahoor AF, Jielani A, Saeed N. 99m
Tc-tazobactam, a novel infection imaging agent: Radiosynthesis, quality control, biodistribution, and infection imaging studies. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:242-249. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rashid Rasheed
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy (INOR); Abbottabad Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry; Government College University; Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Syed Ali Raza Naqvi
- Department of Chemistry; Government College University; Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | | | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry; Government College University; Faisalabad-38000 Pakistan
| | - Asif Jielani
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine Oncology and Radiotherapy (INOR); Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Nidda Saeed
- Department of Pharmacy, Clinical Practice; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology; Abbottabad Pakistan
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Akbar MU, Bokhari TH, Roohi S, Zia KM, Zuber M, Parveen N, Ali N. Development, optimization, and biovalidation of 99mTc–insulin complex. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162016050125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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8
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Akbar MU, Ahmad MR, Shaheen A, Mushtaq S. A review on evaluation of technetium-99m labeled radiopharmaceuticals. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-016-5019-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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9
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Salahinejad M, Mirshojaei SF. Quantitative structure–activity relationship analysis to elucidate the clearance mechanisms of Tc-99m labeled quinolone antibiotics. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4333-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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10
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Synthesis and biological evaluation of technetium-sarafloxacin complex for infection imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Mirshojaei SF. Advances in infectious foci imaging using 99mTc radiolabelled antibiotics. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-015-4003-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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12
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Radiotracers used for the scintigraphic detection of infection and inflammation. ScientificWorldJournal 2015; 2015:676719. [PMID: 25741532 PMCID: PMC4337049 DOI: 10.1155/2015/676719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last forty years, a small group of commercial radiopharmaceuticals have found their way into routine medical use, for the diagnostic imaging of patients with infection or inflammation. These molecular radiotracers usually participate in the immune response to an antigen, by tagging leukocytes or other molecules/cells that are endogenous to the process. Currently there is an advancing effort by researchers in the preclinical domain to design and develop new agents for this application. This review discusses radiopharmaceuticals used in the nuclear medicine clinic today, as well as those potential radiotracers that exploit an organism's defence mechanisms to an infectious or inflammatory event.
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Bokhari TH, Akbar MU, Roohi S, Hina S, Sohaib M, Rizvi FA. Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of 99mTc-labeled Mitomycin C. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-014-3743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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14
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Al-wabli RI, Khedr MA, Kadi AA, Motaleb MA, Al-rashood KA, Zaghary WA. Synthesis, molecular docking and antibacterial evaluation of various quinoline schiff bases: labeling and biodistribution of 99mTc-2-(p-hydroxybenzylidene)-1-(quinolin-4-yl) hydrazine. Med Chem Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-014-0977-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Motaleb MA, Ayoub SM. Preparation, quality control, and biodistribution of 99mTc-rufloxacin complex as a model for detecting sites of infection. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362213060088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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16
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Bunschoten A, Welling MM, Termaat MF, Sathekge M, van Leeuwen FWB. Development and Prospects of Dedicated Tracers for the Molecular Imaging of Bacterial Infections. Bioconjug Chem 2013; 24:1971-89. [PMID: 24200346 DOI: 10.1021/bc4003037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Bunschoten
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. M. Welling
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. F. Termaat
- Department
of Trauma Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M. Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria & Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - F. W. B. van Leeuwen
- Department
of Radiology, Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Preparation and biological distribution of 99mTc-cefazolin complex, a novel agent for detecting sites of infection. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-013-2593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Chattopadhyay S, Ghosh M, Sett S, Das MK, Chandra S, De K, Mishra M, Sinha S, Ranjan Sarkar B, Ganguly S. Preparation and evaluation of 99mTc-cefuroxime, a potential infection specific imaging agent: A reliable thin layer chromatographic system to delineate impurities from the 99mTc-antibiotic. Appl Radiat Isot 2012; 70:2384-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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19
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Labeling and biodistribution of 99mTc-7-bromo-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-quinolin-3-carboxylic acid complex. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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20
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Motaleb MA, El-Kolaly MT, Ibrahim AB, Abd El-Bary A. Study on the preparation and biological evaluation of 99mTc–gatifloxacin and 99mTc–cefepime complexes. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1058-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Motaleb MA, Alabdullah ES, Zaghary WA. Synthesis, radiochemical and biological characteristics of 99mTc-8-hydroxy-7-substituted quinoline complex: a novel agent for infection imaging. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-010-0818-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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