1
|
Goodman MM, Yu W, Jarkas N. Synthesis and biological properties of radiohalogenated α,α-disubstituted amino acids for PET and SPECT imaging of amino acid transporters (AATs). J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:272-290. [PMID: 29143354 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fluorine-18 and iodine-123 labeled nonnatural alicyclic and methyl branched disubstituted α,α-amino acids are a diverse and useful class of tumor imaging agents suitable for positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography. These tracers target the increased expression of the cell membrane amino acid transporter systems L, ASC, and A exhibited by many human tumor cells. The most established clinical use for these radiolabeled amino acids is imaging primary and recurrent gliomas and primary, recurrent, and metastatic prostate cancer. This review focuses on the synthesis, radiolabeling, and amino acid transport mechanism of a series of nonnatural fluorine-18 and iodine-123 labeled analogs of 1-aminocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid, 1-aminocyclopentane-1-carboxylic acid, α-aminoisobutyric acid, and α-methylaminoisobutyric acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark M Goodman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Nashwa Jarkas
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Center for Systems Imaging, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Halle B, Thisgaard H, Hvidsten S, Dam JH, Aaberg-Jessen C, Thykjær AS, Høilund-Carlsen PF, Schulz MK, Andersen C, Kristensen BW. Estimation of Tumor Volumes by 11C-MeAIB and 18F-FDG PET in an Orthotopic Glioblastoma Rat Model. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1562-8. [PMID: 26229144 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.162511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Brain tumor volume assessment is a major challenge. Molecular imaging using PET may be a promising option because it reflects the biologically active cells. We compared the agreement between PET- and histology-derived tumor volumes in an orthotopic glioblastoma rat model with a noninfiltrating (U87MG) and an infiltrating (T87) tumor phenotype using 2 different radiotracers, 2 different image reconstruction algorithms, parametric imaging, and 2 different image segmentation techniques. METHODS Rats with U87MG- and T87-derived glioblastomas were continuously scanned with PET for 1 h starting immediately after the injection of 11C-methylaminoisobutyric acid (11C-MeAIB). One hour later, 18F-FDG was injected, followed by a 3-h dynamic PET scan. Images were reconstructed using 2-dimensional ordered-subsets expectation maximization and 3-dimensional maximum a posteriori probability (MAP3D) algorithms. In addition, a parametric image, encompassing the entire tumor kinetics in a single image, was calculated on the basis of the 11C-MeAIB images. All reconstructed images were segmented by fixed thresholding of maximum voxel intensity (VImax) and mean background intensity. The agreement between PET- and histology-derived tumor volumes and intra- and interobserver agreement of the PET-derived volumes were evaluated using Bland-Altman plots. RESULTS By PET, the mean U87MG tumor volume was 35.0 mm3 using 18F-FDG and 34.1 mm3 with 11C-MeAIB, compared with 33.7 mm3 by histology. Corresponding T87 tumor volumes were 122.1 mm3 using 18F-FDG, 118.3 mm3 with 11C-MeAIB, and 125.4 mm3 by histology. None of these volumes were significantly different. The best agreement between PET- and histology-derived U87MG tumor volumes was achieved with 11C-MeAIB, MAP3D reconstruction, and fixed thresholding of VImax. The intra- and interobserver agreement was high using this method. For T87 tumors, the best agreement between PET- and histology-derived volumes was obtained using 18F-FDG, MAP3D reconstruction, and fixed thresholding of mean background intensity. The agreement using 11C-MeAIB, parametric imaging, and fixed thresholding of VImax was slightly inferior, but the intra- and interobserver agreement was clearly superior. CONCLUSION Estimation of tumor volume by PET of noninfiltrating brain tumors was accurate and reproducible. In contrast, tumor volume estimation by PET of infiltrating brain tumors was difficult and hard to reproduce. On the basis of our results, PET evaluation of highly infiltrating brain tumors should be further developed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bo Halle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Helge Thisgaard
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Svend Hvidsten
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Johan H Dam
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Aaberg-Jessen
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne S Thykjær
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Poul F Høilund-Carlsen
- Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mette K Schulz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Claus Andersen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| | - Bjarne W Kristensen
- Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark Institute of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; and
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is an extraordinarily sensitive clinical imaging modality for interrogating tumor metabolism. Radiolabeled PET substrates can be traced at subphysiological concentrations, allowing noninvasive imaging of metabolism and intratumoral heterogeneity in systems ranging from advanced cancer models to patients in the clinic. There are a wide range of novel and more established PET radiotracers, which can be used to investigate various aspects of the tumor, including carbohydrate, amino acid, and fatty acid metabolism. In this review, we briefly discuss the more established metabolic tracers and describe recent work on the development of new tracers. Some of the unanswered questions in tumor metabolism are considered alongside new technical developments, such as combined PET/magnetic resonance imaging scanners, which could provide new imaging solutions to some of the outstanding diagnostic challenges facing modern cancer medicine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Y. Lewis
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dmitry Soloviev
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin M. Brindle
- Cancer Research UK - Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ermert J, Coenen HH. Methods for11C- and18F-labelling of amino acids and derivatives for positron emission tomography imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2013; 56:225-36. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Revised: 09/15/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ermert
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425; Jülich; Germany
| | - Heinz H. Coenen
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie; Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425; Jülich; Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
McConathy J, Yu W, Jarkas N, Seo W, Schuster DM, Goodman MM. Radiohalogenated nonnatural amino acids as PET and SPECT tumor imaging agents. Med Res Rev 2011; 32:868-905. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan McConathy
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology; Washington University School of Medicine; St. Louis Missouri
| | - Weiping Yu
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; School of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Nachwa Jarkas
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; School of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Wonewoo Seo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; School of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - David M. Schuster
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; School of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| | - Mark M. Goodman
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; School of Medicine, Emory University; Atlanta Georgia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kato K, Tsuji AB, Saga T, Zhang MR. An efficient and expedient method for the synthesis of 11C-labeled α-aminoisobutyric acid: A tumor imaging agent potentially useful for cancer diagnosis. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:2437-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.02.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
7
|
McConathy J, Goodman MM. Non-natural amino acids for tumor imaging using positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2008; 27:555-73. [PMID: 18648909 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-008-9154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids are required nutrients for proliferating tumor cells, and amino acid transport is upregulated in many tumor types. Studies of radiolabeled amino acids in animals and humans demonstrate that amino acid based tracers have advantageous characteristics relative to 2-[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxyglucose in certain tumors, particularly brain gliomas. Non-natural amino acids for tumor imaging generally have greater metabolic stability and can be labeled with longer-lived radionuclides for positron emission tomography and single photon emission computed tomography such as fluorine-18 and iodine-123. Amino acids enter cells via amino acid transport with varying selectivity based on their chemical structure. This review focuses on the rationale, biological basis, current status and future prospects of radiolabeled non-natural amino acids for tumor imaging and discusses various classes of these compounds including aromatic, alicyclic and alpha,alpha-dialkyl amino acids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan McConathy
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bergmann R, Pietzsch J. Small animal positron emission tomography in food sciences. Amino Acids 2005; 29:355-76. [PMID: 16142524 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-005-0237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/13/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a 3-dimensional imaging technique that has undergone tremendous developments during the last decade. Non-invasive tracing of molecular pathways in vivo is the key capability of PET. It has become an important tool in the diagnosis of human diseases as well as in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. In contrast to other imaging modalities, radiotracer concentrations can be determined quantitatively. By application of appropriate tracer kinetic models, the rate constants of numerous different biological processes can be determined. Rapid progress in PET radiochemistry has significantly increased the number of biologically important molecules labelled with PET nuclides to target a broader range of physiologic, metabolic, and molecular pathways. Progress in PET physics and technology strongly contributed to better scanners and image processing. In this context, dedicated high resolution scanners for dynamic PET studies in small laboratory animals are now available. These developments represent the driving force for the expansion of PET methodology into new areas of life sciences including food sciences. Small animal PET has a high potential to depict physiologic processes like absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination and interactions of biologically significant substances, including nutrients, 'nutriceuticals', functional food ingredients, and foodborne toxicants. Based on present data, potential applications of small animal PET in food sciences are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Bergmann
- Positron Emission Tomography Center, Institute of Bioinorganic and Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, Research Center Rossendorf, Dresden, Germany.
| | | |
Collapse
|