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Israel I, Elflein K, Schirbel A, Chen K, Samnick S. A comparison of the monomeric [ 68Ga]NODAGA-NGR and dimeric [ 68Ga]NOTA-(NGR) 2 as aminopeptidase N ligand for positron emission tomography imaging in tumor-bearing mice. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 166:105964. [PMID: 34375678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.105964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aminopeptidase N (APN/CD13) is a key protein specifically expressed on activated endothelial cells and by various tumors, representing a promising target for molecular imaging and therapy of malignant diseases. It is known that the tripeptide NGR is a specific ligand for CD13, therefore radiolabeled NGR peptides are auspicious radiotracers for non-invasive imaging of CD13-positive tumors. From previous studies, it is known that the target affinity could be improved by molecules with multiple ligand sequences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare two NGR radioligands [68Ga]NODAGA-NGR (NGR monomer) and [68Ga]NOTA-(NGR)2 (NGR dimer), the latter with two NGR ligand motifs, in vitro and in vivo. CD13 expression was determined by FACS in the human tumor cells A549, SKHep-1, and MDA-MB-231, followed by the investigation of the cell uptake of [68Ga]NODAGA-NGR and [68Ga]NOTA-(NGR)2. For in vivo evaluation of [68Ga]NODAGA-NGR and [68Ga]NOTA-(NGR)2, microPET and biodistribution were carried out in A549- and SKHep-1-bearing mice. After the final examination, tumors were cryo-conserved, cut, and stained against CD13 and CD31. A549 and SKHep-1 cells were identified as CD13 positive, whereas no CD13 expression was detected in MDA-MB-231 cells. The cell uptake study showed relatively low accumulation of both the NGR monomer and dimer in all tumor cell lines examined, with consistently higher cell uptake observed for the dimer than for the monomer. In vivo, [68Ga]NODAGA-NGR and [68Ga]NOTA-(NGR)2 accumulated in the tumors, with slightly higher tumor-to-muscle ratio for the NGR dimer in A549 and SKHep-1. The tumor-to-liver ratio of the NGR dimer was diminished in comparison to the NGR monomer. This finding was confirmed by biodistribution, which revealed higher accumulation in liver and spleen for the NGR dimer. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the CD13 expression in the tumors and tumor-associated vessels. In conclusion, both the [68Ga]NODAGA-NGR and the [68Ga]NOTA-(NGR)2 were found to be suitable for PET imaging of CD13-positive tumors. Despite slight differences in tumor-to-background ratio and organ accumulation, both radiotracers can be considered comparable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Israel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Elflein
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Schirbel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai Chen
- Department of Radiology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Samuel Samnick
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
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Zhu L, Ding Z, Li X, Wei H, Chen Y. Research Progress of Radiolabeled Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) Peptides for Imaging and Therapy. Mol Imaging 2021; 19:1536012120934957. [PMID: 32862776 PMCID: PMC7466889 DOI: 10.1177/1536012120934957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) motifs have vasculature-homing properties via interactions with the aminopeptidase N (CD13) expressed on tumor neovasculature. Numerous NGR peptides with different molecular scaffolds have been exploited for targeted delivery of different compounds for imaging and therapy. When conjugated with NGR, complexes recognize the CD13 receptor expressed on the tumor vasculature, which improves the specificity to tumor and avoids systematic toxic reactions. Both preclinical and clinical studies performed with these products suggest that NGR-mediated vascular targeting is an effective strategy for delivering bioactive amounts of cytokines to tumor endothelial cells. For molecular imaging, radiolabeled peptides have been the most successful approach and have been translated into clinic. This review describes current data on radiolabeled tumor vasculature-homing NGR peptides for imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, 556508The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikai Ding
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, 556508The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xingliang Li
- Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyuan Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, 556508The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Nuclear Physics and Chemistry, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, 556508The Affiliated Hospital, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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Targeting Tissue Factor to Tumor Vasculature to Induce Tumor Infarction. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112841. [PMID: 34200318 PMCID: PMC8201357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Among multiple other functional roles of tissue factor (TF) and other coagulation proteins in the development and targeting of malignant disease, some scientific groups are attempting to modify TF and target the molecule or truncated forms of the molecule to tumor vasculature to selectively induce local blood vessel thromboembolic occlusion resulting in tumor infarction. This review briefly describes the characteristics and development of some of these proteins and structures, including tTF-NGR, which as the first drug candidate from this class has entered clinical trials in cancer patients. Abstract Besides its central functional role in coagulation, TF has been described as being operational in the development of malignancies and is currently being studied as a possible therapeutic tool against cancer. One of the avenues being explored is retargeting TF or its truncated extracellular part (tTF) to the tumor vasculature to induce tumor vessel occlusion and tumor infarction. To this end, multiple structures on tumor vascular wall cells have been studied at which tTF has been aimed via antibodies, derivatives, or as bifunctional fusion protein through targeting peptides. Among these targets were vascular adhesion molecules, oncofetal variants of fibronectin, prostate-specific membrane antigens, vascular endothelial growth factor receptors and co-receptors, integrins, fibroblast activation proteins, NG2 proteoglycan, microthrombus-associated fibrin-fibronectin, and aminopeptidase N. Targeting was also attempted toward cellular membranes within an acidic milieu or toward necrotic tumor areas. tTF-NGR, targeting tTF primarily at aminopeptidase N on angiogenic endothelial cells, was the first drug candidate from this emerging class of coaguligands translated to clinical studies in cancer patients. Upon completion of a phase I study, tTF-NGR entered randomized studies in oncology to test the therapeutic impact of this novel therapeutic modality.
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First-In-Class CD13-Targeted Tissue Factor tTF-NGR in Patients with Recurrent or Refractory Malignant Tumors: Results of a Phase I Dose-Escalation Study. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12061488. [PMID: 32517329 PMCID: PMC7352358 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12061488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Aminopeptidase N (CD13) is present on tumor vasculature cells and some tumor cells. Truncated tissue factor (tTF) with a C-terminal NGR-peptide (tTF-NGR) binds to CD13 and causes tumor vascular thrombosis with infarction. Methods: We treated 17 patients with advanced cancer beyond standard therapies in a phase I study with tTF-NGR (1-h infusion, central venous access, 5 consecutive days, and rest periods of 2 weeks). The study allowed intraindividual dose escalations between cycles and established Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTD) and Dose-Limiting Toxicity (DLT) by verification cohorts. Results: MTD was 3 mg/m2 tTF-NGR/day × 5, q day 22. DLT was an isolated and reversible elevation of high sensitivity (hs) Troponin T hs without clinical sequelae. Three thromboembolic events (grade 2), tTF-NGR-related besides other relevant risk factors, were reversible upon anticoagulation. Imaging by contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed major tumor-specific reduction of blood flow in all measurable lesions as proof of principle for the mode of action of tTF-NGR. There were no responses as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST), although some lesions showed intratumoral hemorrhage and necrosis after tTF-NGR application. Pharmacokinetic analysis showed a t1/2(terminal) of 8 to 9 h without accumulation in daily administrations. Conclusion: tTF-NGR is safely applicable with this regimen. Imaging showed selective reduction of tumor blood flow and intratumoral hemorrhage and necrosis.
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Rational design of some substituted phenyl azanediyl (bis) methylene phosphonic acid derivatives as potential anticancer agents and imaging probes: Computational inputs, chemical synthesis, radiolabeling, biodistribution and gamma scintigraphy. Bioorg Chem 2019; 92:103282. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.103282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Kim MH, Kim SG, Kim DW. A novel dual-modality imaging agent targeting folate receptor of tumor for molecular imaging and fluorescence-guided surgery. Ann Nucl Med 2019; 33:606-616. [PMID: 31134434 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-019-01369-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Folate receptor (FR) is an ideal target for cancer imaging because it is frequently overexpressed in major types of human tumor, whereas its expression in normal organs is highly limited. Combining nuclear and fluorescence-imaging techniques provides a novel approach for cancer imaging and monitoring the surgery. The objective of this study was to report the synthesis and characteristics of a dual-modality imaging agent, Tc-99m Folate-Gly-His-Glu-Gly-Glu-Cys-Gly-Lys(-5-carboxy-X-rhodamine)-NH2 (Folate-ECG-ROX), and verify its feasibility as both molecular imaging agent and intra-operative guidance. METHODS Folate-ECG-ROX was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling of Folate-ECG-ROX with Tc-99m was done using ligand exchange via tartrate. Binding affinity and in vitro cellular uptake studies were performed. Gamma camera imaging, biodistribution and ex vivo imaging studies were performed using KB and HT-1080 tumor-bearing murine models. Tumor tissue slides were prepared and analyzed with immunohistochemistry staining and confocal microscopy. Surgical removal of tumor nodules in murine models with peritoneal carcinomatosis was performed under the fluorescence-imaging system. RESULTS After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, Tc-99m Folate-ECG-ROX complexes were prepared in high yield (> 97%). The binding affinity value (Kd) of Tc-99m Folate-ECG-ROX for KB cells was estimated to be 6.9 ± 0.9 nM. In gamma camera imaging, tumor to normal muscle uptake ratio of Tc-99m Folate-ECG-ROX increased with time (3.4 ± 0.4, 4.4 ± 0.7, and 6.6 ± 0.8 at 1, 2, and 3 h, respectively). In biodistribution study, %IA/g for KB tumor was 2.50 ± 0.80 and 4.08 ± 1.16 at 1 and 3 h, respectively. Confocal microscopy with immunohistochemistry staining detected strong Tc-99m Folate-ECG-ROX fluorescence within KB tumor tissue which is correlating with the fluorescent activity of anti-FR antibody. Under real-time optical imaging, the removal of visible nodules was successfully performed. CONCLUSIONS In vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial and specific uptake of Tc-99m Folate-ECG-ROX in FR-positive tumors. Thus, Tc-99m Folate-ECG-ROX could provide both pre-operative molecular imaging and fluorescence image-guidance for tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Weung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-711, Republic of Korea. .,Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, 570-711, Republic of Korea.
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Kessler T, Baumeier A, Brand C, Grau M, Angenendt L, Harrach S, Stalmann U, Schmidt LH, Gosheger G, Hardes J, Andreou D, Dreischalück J, Lenz G, Wardelmann E, Mesters RM, Schwöppe C, Berdel WE, Hartmann W, Schliemann C. Aminopeptidase N (CD13): Expression, Prognostic Impact, and Use as Therapeutic Target for Tissue Factor Induced Tumor Vascular Infarction in Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1271-1282. [PMID: 30125801 PMCID: PMC6113655 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminopeptidase N (CD13) is expressed on tumor vasculature and tumor cells. It represents a candidate for targeted therapy, e.g., by truncated tissue factor (tTF)-NGR, binding to CD13, and causing tumor vascular thrombosis. We analyzed CD13 expression by immunohistochemistry in 97 patients with STS who were treated by wide resection and uniform chemo-radio-chemotherapy. Using a semiquantitative score with four intensity levels, CD13 was expressed by tumor vasculature, or tumor cells, or both (composite value, intensity scores 1-3) in 93.9% of the STS. In 49.5% tumor cells, in 48.5% vascular/perivascular cells, and in 58.8%, composite value showed strong intensity score 3 staining. Leiomyosarcoma and synovial sarcoma showed low expression; fibrosarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma showed high expression. We found a significant prognostic impact of CD13, as high expression in tumor cells or vascular/perivascular cells correlated with better relapse-free survival and overall survival. CD13 retained prognostic significance in multivariable analyses. Systemic tTF-NGR resulted in significant growth reduction of CD13-positive human HT1080 sarcoma cell line xenografts. Our results recommend further investigation of tTF-NGR in STS patients. CD13 might be a suitable predictive biomarker for patient selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torsten Kessler
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Ariane Baumeier
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Caroline Brand
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Michael Grau
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Linus Angenendt
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Saliha Harrach
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Ursula Stalmann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lars Henning Schmidt
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Gosheger
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor-Orthopedics, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Jendrik Hardes
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor-Orthopedics, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Dimosthenis Andreou
- Department of Orthopedics and Tumor-Orthopedics, University Hospital Muenster, Germany
| | - Johannes Dreischalück
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Sankt Elisabeth Hospital Guetersloh, Guetersloh
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Translational Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Rolf M Mesters
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Schwöppe
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany; Cluster of Excellence EXC 1003, Cells in Motion, Muenster, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, University of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Kim MH, Kim SG, Kim DW. Tc-99m and Fluorescence-Labeled Anti-Flt1 Peptide as a Multimodal Tumor Imaging Agent Targeting Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-Receptor 1. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2018; 52:359-367. [PMID: 30344784 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-018-0535-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Revised: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose We developed a Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled peptide, Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI, to target tumor cells, and evaluated the diagnostic performance as a dual-modality imaging agent for tumor in a murine model. Methods TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling of TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI with Tc-99m was done using ligand exchange via tartrate. Binding affinity and in vitro cellular uptake studies were performed. Gamma camera imaging, biodistribution, and ex vivo imaging studies were performed in murine models with U87MG tumors. Tumor tissue slides were prepared and analyzed with immunohistochemistry using confocal microscopy. Results After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99m, Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI complexes were prepared in high yield (> 95%). The K d of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI determined by saturation binding was 29.5 ± 4.5 nM. Confocal microscopy images of U87MG cells incubated with TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI showed strong fluorescence in the cytoplasm. Gamma camera imaging revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI in tumors. Tumor uptake was effectively blocked by the co-injection of an excess concentration of GNQWFI. Specific uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI was assessed by biodistribution, ex vivo imaging, and immunohistochemistry stain studies. Conclusions In vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial and specific uptake of Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI in tumor cells. Tc-99m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-GNQWFI could be a good candidate dual-modality imaging agent for tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hyoun Kim
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 570-711 Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- 2Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 570-711 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Weung Kim
- 1Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 570-711 Republic of Korea.,2Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, 344-2 Shinyong-Dong, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do 570-711 Republic of Korea
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Kim MH, Kim SG, Kim DW. A novel Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled arginine-arginine-leucine-containing peptide as a multimodal tumor imaging agent in a murine tumor model. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2018; 61:557-566. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Jeollabuk-do South Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA); Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Jeollabuk-do South Korea
| | - Dae-Weung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Jeollabuk-do South Korea
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA); Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan Jeollabuk-do South Korea
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Stucke-Ring J, Ronnacker J, Brand C, Höltke C, Schliemann C, Kessler T, Schmidt LH, Harrach S, Mantke V, Hintelmann H, Hartmann W, Wardelmann E, Lenz G, Wünsch B, Müller-Tidow C, Mesters RM, Schwöppe C, Berdel WE. Combinatorial effects of doxorubicin and retargeted tissue factor by intratumoral entrapment of doxorubicin and proapoptotic increase of tumor vascular infarction. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82458-82472. [PMID: 27738341 PMCID: PMC5347705 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Truncated tissue factor (tTF), retargeted to tumor vasculature by GNGRAHA peptide (tTF-NGR), and doxorubicin have therapeutic activity against a variety of tumors. We report on combination experiments of both drugs using different schedules. We have tested fluorescence- and HPLC-based intratumoral pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin, flow cytometry for cellular phosphatidylserine (PS) expression, and tumor xenograft studies for showing in vivo apoptosis, proliferation decrease, and tumor shrinkage upon combination therapy with doxorubicin and induced tumor vascular infarction. tTF-NGR given before doxorubicin inhibits the uptake of the drug into human fibrosarcoma xenografts in vivo. Reverse sequence does not influence the uptake of doxorubicin into tumor, but significantly inhibits the late wash-out phase, thus entrapping doxorubicin in tumor tissue by vascular occlusion. Incubation of endothelial and tumor cells with doxorubicin in vitro increases PS concentrations in the outer layer of the cell membrane as a sign of early apoptosis. Cells expressing increased PS concentrations show comparatively higher procoagulatory efficacy on the basis of equimolar tTF-NGR present in the Factor X assay. Experiments using human M21 melanoma and HT1080 fibrosarcoma xenografts in athymic nude mice indeed show a combinatorial tumor growth inhibition applying doxorubicin and tTF-NGR in sequence over single drug treatment. Combination of cytotoxic drugs such as doxorubicin with tTF-NGR-induced tumor vessel infarction can improve pharmacodynamics of the drugs by new mechanisms, entrapping a cytotoxic molecule inside tumor tissue and reciprocally improving procoagulatory activity of tTF-NGR in the tumor vasculature via apoptosis induction in tumor endothelial and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Stucke-Ring
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julian Ronnacker
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Caroline Brand
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Höltke
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Torsten Kessler
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Lars Henning Schmidt
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Saliha Harrach
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Verena Mantke
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Heike Hintelmann
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Gerhard-Domagk Institute for Pathology, University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Bernhard Wünsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Westfalian Wilhelms-University, Muenster, Germany
| | - Carsten Müller-Tidow
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, University Hospital Halle, Halle, Germany
| | - Rolf M Mesters
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Schwöppe
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A (Hematology, Hemostaseology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Hospital of Muenster, Muenster, Germany
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Kim MH, Kim CG, Kim SG, Kim DW. Synthesis and evaluation of Tc-99m and fluorescence-labeled elastin-derived peptide, VAPG for multimodal tumor imaging in murine tumor model. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:649-658. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan South Korea
| | - Chang Guhn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan South Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA); Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan South Korea
| | - Dae-Weung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science; Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan South Korea
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA); Wonkwang University School of Medicine; Iksan South Korea
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Hyoun Kim M, Kim SG, Guhn Kim C, Kim DW. A novel Tc-99m and fluorescence labeled peptide as a multimodal imaging agent for targeting angiogenesis in a murine hindlimb ischemia model. Appl Radiat Isot 2016; 121:22-27. [PMID: 28013153 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2016.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The serine-aspartic acid-valine (SDV) peptide binds specifically to integrin αvβ3. We developed a Tc-99m and TAMRA labeled peptide, Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA for multimodal imaging of angiogenesis. Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA was prepared in high yield (>96%) and showed low cytotoxicity. Tc-99m tetrofosmin images 1 week after operation, revealed significantly decreased perfusion of the ischemic hindlimb, and the perfusion recovered gradually for 4 weeks. In contrast, Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA uptake was maximal 1 week after the operation (ischemic-to-non-ischemic uptake ratio =5.03±1.01) and decreased gradually. The ischemic-to-non-ischemic ratio of Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA and Tc-99m tetrofosmin was strongly negatively correlated (r =-0.94). A postmortem analysis revealed increased angiogenesis markers and uptake of Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA by ischemic tissue. Our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA by ischemic tissue. Tc-99m SDV-ECG-K-TAMRA could be a good candidate dual-modality imaging agent to assess angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Chang Guhn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Dae-Weung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea; Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.
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Kim DW, Kim MH, Kim CG. Tc‑99m Ser‑Asp‑Val‑Glu‑Cys‑Gly: A novel Tc‑99m labeled hexapeptide for molecular and non‑invasive tumor imaging. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:4887-4892. [PMID: 27748918 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In a ProteoChip‑based screening system and subsequent studies, serine‑aspartic acid‑valine (SDV) was demonstrated to specifically bind to integrin αvβ3. An SDV‑containing peptide could target the tumor vessel and it may be an effective replacement for molecular imaging of the tumor. In the present study, a hexapeptide, SDV‑glutamic acid‑cysteine‑glycine (ECG), was developed and evaluated its diagnostic performance as a tumor imaging agent in tumor‑bearing mice. The hexapeptide SDV‑ECG was synthesized using Fmoc solid‑phase peptide synthesis. Following radiolabeling procedures with technetium‑99m, the Tc‑99m SDV‑ECG complexes were prepared at high yields (>97%). The uptake of Tc‑99m SDV‑ECG within HT‑1080 tumor cells (integrin αvβ3‑positive) was confirmed by in vitro studies. γ‑camera imaging revealed substantial uptake of Tc‑99m SDV‑ECG in the HT‑1080 cell line tumor murine model. With the co‑injection of excess SDV, tumoral uptake was blocked. Furthermore, HT‑29 tumor cells (integrin αvβ3‑negative) and inflammatory lesions demonstrated minimal uptake of Tc‑99m SDV‑ECG. In the present study, Tc‑99m SDV‑ECG was developed as a novel Tc‑99m agent for tumor imaging. The current in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated specific functions of Tc‑99m SDV‑ECG in tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Weung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 570‑711, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 570‑711, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Guhn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk‑do 570‑711, Republic of Korea
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Zhang Q, Zhang Q, Guan Y, Liu S, Chen Q, Li X. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Nitroimidazole-99mTc-Complex for Imaging of Hypoxia in Mice Model. Med Sci Monit 2016; 22:3778-3791. [PMID: 27752036 PMCID: PMC5072380 DOI: 10.12659/msm.898659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was specifically designed to develop a new 99mTc compound with 3-amino-4-[2-(2-methyl-5-nitro-1H-imidazol)-ethylamino]-4-oxo-butyrate (5-ntm-asp) and to verify whether this compound is feasible to be a radiopharmaceutical for hypoxic tumors. MATERIAL AND METHODS Metronidazole derivative 5-ntm-asp was synthesized and then radio-labeled by Na [99mTcO4], forming 99mTc-5-ntm-asp. Another two complexes of 99mTc-2- and 99mTc-5-nitroimidazole-iminodiacetic acid (99mTc-2-ntm-IDA and 99mTc-5-ntm-IDA) were also synthesized based on previous studies. Physicochemical properties (stability, lipophilicity, protein binding) of the compounds were compared, and we also assessed the accumulation status of the compounds within A549 cells under both hypoxic and aerobic conditions. Distribution of the complex was also studied in vivo using BALB/c nude mice that were injected with A549 cells. RESULTS Compared with 99mTc-2-ntm-IDA and 99mTc-5-ntm-IDA, 99mTc-5-ntm-asp was more stable in both phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) buffer and human plasma (P<0.05). Besides that, 99mTc-5-ntm-asp offered lower lipophilicity and protein-binding rate than the two complexes (P<0.05). During assessment of hypoxic uptake status and high hypoxic/aerobic ratio in mice injected with A549 cells, 99mTc-5-ntm-asp exhibited a more favorable profile than 9mTc-2-ntm-IDA and 99mTc-5-ntm-IDA, including uptake ratio of tumor/blood and uptake ratio of tumor/muscle. CONCLUSIONS With overall consideration of physicochemical properties and biological uptake behavior, it is feasible to use 99mTc-5-ntm-asp as an imaging agent for tumor hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Yanxing Guan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Shaozheng Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Qingjie Chen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
| | - Xiangmin Li
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China (mainland)
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Kim MH, Kim CG, Kim SG, Kim DW. A novel Tc-99 m and fluorescence labeled peptide as a multimodal imaging agent for targeting angiogenesis in a murine tumor model. CONTRAST MEDIA & MOLECULAR IMAGING 2016; 11:527-534. [PMID: 27739174 DOI: 10.1002/cmmi.1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The serine-aspartic acid-valine (SDV) peptide binds specifically to integrin αV β3 . In the present study, we successfully developed a TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV peptide labeled with both Tc-99 m and TAMRA to target the integrin αV β3 of tumor cells; furthermore, we evaluated the diagnostic performance of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV as a dual-modality imaging agent for tumor of the murine model. TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling of TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV with Tc-99 m was done using ligand exchange methods. Labeling stability and cytotoxicity studies were performed. Gamma camera imaging, biodistribution and ex vivo imaging studies were performed in murine models with HT-1080 and HT-29 tumors. A tumor tissue slide was prepared and analyzed using confocal microscopy. After radiolabeling procedures with Tc-99 m, the Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV complexes were prepared in high yield (>99%). In the gamma camera imaging study, a substantial uptake of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV into HT-1080 tumor (integrin αV β3 positive) and low uptake of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV into HT-29 tumor (integrin αV β3 negative) were demonstrated. A competition study revealed that HT-1080 tumor uptake was effectively blocked by the co-injection of an excess concentration of SDV. Specific uptake of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV was confirmed by biodistribution, ex vivo imaging and confocal microscopy studies. Our in vivo and in vitro studies revealed substantial uptake of Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV in the integrin αV β3 -positive tumor. Tc-99 m TAMRA-GHEG-ECG-SDV could be a good candidate for a dual-modality imaging agent targeting tumor angiogenesis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Chang Guhn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Kim
- Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Dae-Weung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.,Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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Kim DW, Kim MH, Kim CG. Tc-99m Glu-Cys-Gly-His-Gly-Lys (ECG-HGK), a novel Tc-99m labeled hexapeptide for molecular tumor imaging. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:124-8. [PMID: 26856188 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Domain 5 of kinin-free high molecular weight kininogen inhibits the adhesion of many tumor cell lines, and it has been reported that the histidine-glycine-lysine (HGK)-rich region might be responsible for inhibition of cell adhesion. The authors developed HGK-containing hexapeptide, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-HGK, and evaluated the utility of Tc-99m ECG-HGK for tumor imaging. Hexapeptide, ECG-HGK was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling efficiency was evaluated. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-HGK within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro. In HT-1080 tumor-bearing mice, gamma imaging and biodistribution studies were performed. The complexes Tc-99m ECG-HGK was prepared in high yield. The uptake of Tc-99m ECG-HGK within the HT-1080 tumor cells had been demonstrated by in vitro studies. The gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-HGK was accumulated substantially in the HT-1080 tumor (tumor-to-muscle ratio = 5.7 ± 1.4 at 4 h), and the tumoral uptake was blocked by the co-injection of excess HGK (tumor-to-muscle ratio = 2.8 ± 0.6 at 4 h). In the present study, Tc-99m ECG-HGK was developed as a new tumor imaging agents. Our in vitro and in vivo studies revealed specific function of Tc-99m ECG-HGK for tumor imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae-Weung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea.,Research Unit of Molecular Imaging Agent (RUMIA), Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Myoung Hyoun Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
| | - Chang Guhn Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Institute of Wonkwang Medical Science, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Jeollabuk-do, Korea
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Brand C, Fröhlich M, Ring J, Schliemann C, Kessler T, Mantke V, König S, Lücke M, Mesters RM, Berdel WE, Schwöppe C. Tumor Growth Inhibition via Occlusion of Tumor Vasculature Induced by N-Terminally PEGylated Retargeted Tissue Factor tTF-NGR. Mol Pharm 2015; 12:3749-58. [PMID: 26310827 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.5b00508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
tTF-NGR retargets the extracellular domain of tissue factor via a C-terminal peptide GNGRAHA, a ligand of the surface protein aminopeptidase N (CD13) and upon deamidation of integrin αvβ3, to tumor vasculature. tTF-NGR induces tumor vascular infarction with consecutive antitumor activity against xenografts and selectively inhibits tumor blood flow in cancer patients. Since random PEGylation resulted in favorable pharmacodynamics of tTF-NGR, we performed site-directed PEGylation of PEG units to the N-terminus of tTF-NGR to further improve the antitumor profile of the molecule. Mono-PEGylation to the N-terminus did not change the procoagulatory activity of the tTF-NGR molecule as measured by Factor X activation. Experiments to characterize pharmacokinetics in mice showed a more than 1 log step higher mean area under the curve of PEG20k-tTF-NGR over tTF-NGR. Acute (24 h) tolerability upon intravenous application for the mono-PEGylated versus non-PEGylated tTF-NGR compounds was comparable. PEG20k-tTF-NGR showed clear antitumor efficacy in vivo against human tumor xenografts when systemically applied. However, site-directed mono-PEGylation to the N-terminus does not unequivocally improve the therapeutic profile of tTF-NGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Brand
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Max Fröhlich
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Janine Ring
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Christoph Schliemann
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Torsten Kessler
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Verena Mantke
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Simone König
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Martin Lücke
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Rolf M Mesters
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang E Berdel
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
| | - Christian Schwöppe
- Department of Medicine A, Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, ‡Integrated Functional Genomics (IZKF Muenster), and §Central Institute for Animal Experimentation, University of Muenster , Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, D-48129 Muenster, Germany
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Synthesis and evaluation of Tc-99m-labeled RRL-containing peptide as a non-invasive tumor imaging agent in a mouse fibrosarcoma model. Ann Nucl Med 2015; 29:779-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12149-015-1002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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