1
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Kahts M, Guo H, Kommidi H, Yang Y, Sayman HB, Summers B, Ting R, Zeevaart JR, Sathekge M, Aras O. 89Zr-leukocyte labelling for cell trafficking: in vitro and preclinical investigations. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2023; 8:36. [PMID: 37930454 PMCID: PMC10628102 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-023-00223-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The non-invasive imaging of leukocyte trafficking to assess inflammatory areas and monitor immunotherapy is currently generating great interest. There is a need to develop more robust cell labelling and imaging approaches to track living cells. Positron emission tomography (PET), a highly sensitive molecular imaging technique, allows precise signals to be produced from radiolabelled moieties. Here, we developed a novel leukocyte labelling approach with the PET radioisotope zirconium-89 (89Zr, half-life of 78.4 h). Experiments were carried out using human leukocytes, freshly isolated from whole human blood. RESULTS The 89Zr-leukocyte labelling efficiency ranged from 46 to 87% after 30-60 min. Radioactivity concentrations of labelled cells were up to 0.28 MBq/1 million cells. Systemically administered 89Zr-labelled leukocytes produced high-contrast murine PET images at 1 h-5 days post injection. Murine biodistribution data showed that cells primarily distributed to the lung, liver, and spleen at 1 h post injection, and are then gradually trafficked to liver and spleen over 5 days. Histological analysis demonstrated that exogenously 89Zr-labelled human leukocytes were present in the lung, liver, and spleen at 1 h post injection. However, intravenously injected free [89Zr]Zr4+ ion showed retention only in the bone with no radioactivity in the lung at 5 days post injection, which implied good stability of radiolabelled leukocytes in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our study presents a stable and generic radiolabelling technique to track leukocytes with PET imaging and shows great potential for further applications in inflammatory cell and other types of cell trafficking studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryke Kahts
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa.
| | - Hua Guo
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Harikrishna Kommidi
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yanping Yang
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Haluk Burcak Sayman
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34303, Fatih, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Beverley Summers
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, 0208, South Africa
| | - Richard Ting
- Department of Radiology, Molecular Imaging Innovations Institute (MI3), Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Jan Rijn Zeevaart
- Radiochemistry, The South African Nuclear Energy Corporation, Pelindaba, Hartebeespoort, 0240, South Africa
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
- DST/NWU, Preclinical Drug Development Platform, North West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Mike Sathekge
- Nuclear Medicine Research Infrastructure (NuMeRI), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Steve Biko Academic Hospital, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Omer Aras
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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2
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Ahmadi M, Emzhik M, Mosayebnia M. Nanoparticles labeled with gamma-emitting radioisotopes: an attractive approach for in vivo tracking using SPECT imaging. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2023; 13:1546-1583. [PMID: 36811810 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Providing accurate molecular imaging of the body and biological process is critical for diagnosing disease and personalizing treatment with the minimum side effects. Recently, diagnostic radiopharmaceuticals have gained more attention in precise molecular imaging due to their high sensitivity and appropriate tissue penetration depth. The fate of these radiopharmaceuticals throughout the body can be traced using nuclear imaging systems, including single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) modalities. In this regard, nanoparticles are attractive platforms for delivering radionuclides into targets because they can directly interfere with the cell membranes and subcellular organelles. Moreover, applying radiolabeled nanomaterials can decrease their toxicity concerns because radiopharmaceuticals are usually administrated at low doses. Therefore, incorporating gamma-emitting radionuclides into nanomaterials can provide imaging probes with valuable additional properties compared to the other carriers. Herein, we aim to review (1) the gamma-emitting radionuclides used for labeling different nanomaterials, (2) the approaches and conditions adopted for their radiolabeling, and (3) their application. This study can help researchers to compare different radiolabeling methods in terms of stability and efficiency and choose the best way for each nanosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz Ahmadi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Emzhik
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mona Mosayebnia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Niayesh Junction, Vali-E-Asr Ave, Tehran, 14155-6153, Iran.
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3
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Melendez-Alafort L, Ferro-Flores G, De Nardo L, Ocampo-García B, Bolzati C. Zirconium immune-complexes for PET molecular imaging: Current status and prospects. Coord Chem Rev 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2022.215005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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4
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Ganguly S, Margel S. Bioimaging Probes Based on Magneto-Fluorescent Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020686. [PMID: 36840008 PMCID: PMC9967590 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel nanomaterials are of interest in biology, medicine, and imaging applications. Multimodal fluorescent-magnetic nanoparticles demand special attention because they have the potential to be employed as diagnostic and medication-delivery tools, which, in turn, might make it easier to diagnose and treat cancer, as well as a wide variety of other disorders. The most recent advancements in the development of magneto-fluorescent nanocomposites and their applications in the biomedical field are the primary focus of this review. We describe the most current developments in synthetic methodologies and methods for the fabrication of magneto-fluorescent nanocomposites. The primary applications of multimodal magneto-fluorescent nanoparticles in biomedicine, including biological imaging, cancer treatment, and drug administration, are covered in this article, and an overview of the future possibilities for these technologies is provided.
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5
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Bentivoglio V, Varani M, Lauri C, Ranieri D, Signore A. Methods for Radiolabelling Nanoparticles: PET Use (Part 2). Biomolecules 2022; 12:1517. [PMID: 36291726 PMCID: PMC9599877 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of radiolabelled nanoparticles (NPs) is a promising nuclear medicine tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Thanks to the heterogeneity of their material (organic or inorganic) and their unique physical and chemical characteristics, they are highly versatile for their use in several medical applications. In particular, they have shown interesting results as radiolabelled probes for positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The high variability of NP types and the possibility to use several isotopes in the radiolabelling process implies different radiolabelling methods that have been applied over the previous years. In this review, we compare and summarize the different methods for NP radiolabelling with the most frequently used PET isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bentivoglio
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Michela Varani
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauri
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Danilo Ranieri
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Signore
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
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6
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Evaluation of different 89Zr-labeled synthons for direct labeling and tracking of white blood cells and stem cells in healthy athymic mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15646. [PMID: 36123386 PMCID: PMC9485227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19953-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell based therapies are evolving as an effective new approach to treat various diseases. To understand the safety, efficacy, and mechanism of action of cell-based therapies, it is imperative to follow their biodistribution noninvasively. Positron-emission-tomography (PET)-based non-invasive imaging of cell trafficking offers such a potential. Herein, we evaluated and compared three different ready-to-use direct cell radiolabeling synthons, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS, [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS, and [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA for PET imaging-based trafficking of white blood cells (WBCs) and stem cells (SCs) up to 7 days in athymic nude mice. We compared the degree of 89Zr complexation and percentage of cell radiolabeling efficiencies with each. All three synthons, [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS, [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS, and [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA, were successfully prepared, and used for radiolabeling of WBCs and SCs. The highest cell radiolabeling yield was found for [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS, followed by [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS, and [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA. In terms of biodistribution, WBCs radiolabeled with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS or [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS, were primarily accumulated in liver and spleen, whereas SCs radiolabeled with [89Zr]Zr-DFO-Bn-NCS or [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-NCS were found in lung, liver and spleen. A high bone uptake was observed for both WBCs and SCs radiolabeled with [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA, suggesting in-vivo instability of [89Zr]Zr-Hy3ADA5-SA synthon. This study offers an appropriate selection of ready-to-use radiolabeling synthons for noninvasive trafficking of WBCs, SCs and other cell-based therapies.
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7
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Molecular Mechanisms of Inflammation in Sarcopenia: Diagnosis and Therapeutic Update. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152359. [PMID: 35954203 PMCID: PMC9367570 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is generally an age-related condition that directly impacts the quality of life. It is also related to chronic diseases such as metabolic dysfunction associated with diabetes and obesity. This means that everyone will be vulnerable to sarcopenia at some point in their life. Research to find the precise molecular mechanisms implicated in this condition can increase knowledge for the better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of sarcopenia. Our work gathered the most recent research regarding inflammation in sarcopenia and new therapeutic agents proposed to target its consequences in pyroptosis and cellular senescence. Finally, we compared dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US) as imaging techniques to diagnose and follow up on sarcopenia, indicating their respective advantages and disadvantages. Our goal is for the scientific evidence presented here to help guide future research to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in sarcopenia, new treatment strategies, and their translation into clinical practice.
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8
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Gawne PJ, Man F, Blower PJ, T M de Rosales R. Direct Cell Radiolabeling for in Vivo Cell Tracking with PET and SPECT Imaging. Chem Rev 2022; 122:10266-10318. [PMID: 35549242 PMCID: PMC9185691 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The arrival of cell-based therapies is a revolution in medicine. However, its safe clinical application in a rational manner depends on reliable, clinically applicable methods for determining the fate and trafficking of therapeutic cells in vivo using medical imaging techniques─known as in vivo cell tracking. Radionuclide imaging using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) has several advantages over other imaging modalities for cell tracking because of its high sensitivity (requiring low amounts of probe per cell for imaging) and whole-body quantitative imaging capability using clinically available scanners. For cell tracking with radionuclides, ex vivo direct cell radiolabeling, that is, radiolabeling cells before their administration, is the simplest and most robust method, allowing labeling of any cell type without the need for genetic modification. This Review covers the development and application of direct cell radiolabeling probes utilizing a variety of chemical approaches: organic and inorganic/coordination (radio)chemistry, nanomaterials, and biochemistry. We describe the key early developments and the most recent advances in the field, identifying advantages and disadvantages of the different approaches and informing future development and choice of methods for clinical and preclinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Gawne
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Francis Man
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K.,Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Philip J Blower
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
| | - Rafael T M de Rosales
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, U.K
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9
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Karam M, Fahs D, Maatouk B, Safi B, Jaffa AA, Mhanna R. Polymeric nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction: Challenges and future prospects. Mater Today Bio 2022; 14:100249. [PMID: 35434594 PMCID: PMC9006854 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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10
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Bhargava KK, Palestro CJ. White Blood Cell Labeling With 18F, 64Cu, and 89Zr. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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11
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Signore A, Tetti S, Trapasso F, Lanzolla T, Lauri C. Radiolabeling of mixed leukocytes or pure granulocytes and their quality controls. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00100-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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12
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Sočan A. Radiolabeling of red blood cells and platelets and quality controls. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00036-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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13
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Varani M, Galli F, Bentivoglio V, Signore A. Particles and nanoparticles in nuclear medicine: Basic principles and instrumentation. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-822960-6.00079-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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14
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Friberger I, Jussing E, Han J, Goos JACM, Siikanen J, Kaipe H, Lambert M, Harris RA, Samén E, Carlsten M, Holmin S, Tran TA. Optimisation of the Synthesis and Cell Labelling Conditions for [ 89Zr]Zr-oxine and [ 89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS: a Direct In Vitro Comparison in Cell Types with Distinct Therapeutic Applications. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 23:952-962. [PMID: 34231103 PMCID: PMC8578071 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01622-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need to better characterise cell-based therapies in preclinical models to help facilitate their translation to humans. Long-term high-resolution tracking of the cells in vivo is often impossible due to unreliable methods. Radiolabelling of cells has the advantage of being able to reveal cellular kinetics in vivo over time. This study aimed to optimise the synthesis of the radiotracers [89Zr]Zr-oxine (8-hydroxyquinoline) and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS (p-SCN-Bn-Deferoxamine) and to perform a direct comparison of the cell labelling efficiency using these radiotracers. PROCEDURES Several parameters, such as buffers, pH, labelling time and temperature, were investigated to optimise the synthesis of [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS in order to reach a radiochemical conversion (RCC) of >95 % without purification. Radio-instant thin-layer chromatography (iTLC) and radio high-performance liquid chromatography (radio-HPLC) were used to determine the RCC. Cells were labelled with [89Zr]Zr-oxine or [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS. The cellular retention of 89Zr and the labelling impact was determined by analysing the cellular functions, such as viability, proliferation, phagocytotic ability and phenotypic immunostaining. RESULTS The optimised synthesis of [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS resulted in straightforward protocols not requiring additional purification. [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS were synthesised with an average RCC of 98.4 % (n = 16) and 98.0 % (n = 13), respectively. Cell labelling efficiencies were 63.9 % (n = 35) and 70.2 % (n = 30), respectively. 89Zr labelling neither significantly affected the cell viability (cell viability loss was in the range of 1-8 % compared to its corresponding non-labelled cells, P value > 0.05) nor the cells' proliferation rate. The phenotype of human decidual stromal cells (hDSC) and phagocytic function of rat bone-marrow-derived macrophages (rMac) was somewhat affected by radiolabelling. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that [89Zr]Zr-oxine and [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS are equally effective in cell labelling. However, [89Zr]Zr-oxine was superior to [89Zr]Zr-DFO-NCS with regard to long-term stability, cellular retention, minimal variation between cell types and cell labelling efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Friberger
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Emma Jussing
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jinming Han
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jeroen A C M Goos
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jonathan Siikanen
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics and Nuclear Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helen Kaipe
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mélanie Lambert
- Department of Medicine in Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Robert A Harris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Samén
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Department of Medicine in Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (CAST), Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
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15
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Van Hoeck J, Vanhove C, De Smedt SC, Raemdonck K. Non-invasive cell-tracking methods for adoptive T cell therapies. Drug Discov Today 2021; 27:793-807. [PMID: 34718210 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapies (ACT) have demonstrated groundbreaking results in blood cancers and melanoma. Nevertheless, their significant cost, the occurrence of severe adverse events, and their poor performance in solid tumors are important hurdles hampering more widespread applicability. In vivo cell tracking allows instantaneous and non-invasive monitoring of the distribution, tumor homing, persistence, and redistribution to other organs of infused T cells in patients. Furthermore, cell tracking could aid in the clinical management of patients, allowing the detection of non-responders or severe adverse events at an early stage. This review provides a concise overview of the main principles and potential of cell tracking, followed by a discussion of the clinically relevant labeling strategies and their application in ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jelter Van Hoeck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Christian Vanhove
- Infinity Lab, Medical Imaging and Signal Processing Group-IBiTech, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Ghent University, Corneel Heymanslaan 10, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stefaan C De Smedt
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Koen Raemdonck
- Ghent Research Group on Nanomedicines, Laboratory of General Biochemistry and Physical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
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16
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Kiraga Ł, Kucharzewska P, Paisey S, Cheda Ł, Domańska A, Rogulski Z, Rygiel TP, Boffi A, Król M. Nuclear imaging for immune cell tracking in vivo – Comparison of various cell labeling methods and their application. Coord Chem Rev 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2021.214008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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17
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Wu S, Helal-Neto E, Matos APDS, Jafari A, Kozempel J, Silva YJDA, Serrano-Larrea C, Alves Junior S, Ricci-Junior E, Alexis F, Santos-Oliveira R. Radioactive polymeric nanoparticles for biomedical application. Drug Deliv 2021; 27:1544-1561. [PMID: 33118416 PMCID: PMC7599028 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2020.1837296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, emerging radiolabeled nanosystems are revolutionizing medicine in terms of diagnostics, treatment, and theranostics. These radionuclides include polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), liposomal carriers, dendrimers, magnetic iron oxide NPs, silica NPs, carbon nanotubes, and inorganic metal-based nanoformulations. Between these nano-platforms, polymeric NPs have gained attention in the biomedical field due to their excellent properties, such as their surface to mass ratio, quantum properties, biodegradability, low toxicity, and ability to absorb and carry other molecules. In addition, NPs are capable of carrying high payloads of radionuclides which can be used for diagnostic, treatment, and theranostics depending on the radioactive material linked. The radiolabeling process of nanoparticles can be performed by direct or indirect labeling process. In both cases, the most appropriate must be selected in order to keep the targeting properties as preserved as possible. In addition, radionuclide therapy has the advantage of delivering a highly concentrated absorbed dose to the targeted tissue while sparing the surrounding healthy tissues. Said another way, radioactive polymeric NPs represent a promising prospect in the treatment and diagnostics of cardiovascular diseases such as cardiac ischemia, infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and other type of cancer cells or tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shentian Wu
- Department of Radiotherapy Center, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming City, China
| | - Edward Helal-Neto
- Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Amir Jafari
- Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Medical Nanotechnology in the Faculty of Advanced Technology in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ján Kozempel
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering (FJFI), Czech Technical University in Prague (ČVUT), Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Severino Alves Junior
- Department of Fundamental Chemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Ricci-Junior
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Frank Alexis
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Ralph Santos-Oliveira
- Nuclear Engineering Institute, Brazilian Nuclear Energy Commission, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Laboratory of Radiopharmacy and Nanoradiopharmaceuticals, Zona Oeste State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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18
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Wang C, Leach BI, Lister D, Adams SR, Xu H, Hoh C, McConville P, Zhang J, Messer K, Ahrens ET. Metallofluorocarbon Nanoemulsion for Inflammatory Macrophage Detection via PET and MRI. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1146-1153. [PMID: 33277399 PMCID: PMC8833871 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.255273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with a range of serious human conditions, including autoimmune and cardiovascular diseases and cancer. The ability to image active inflammatory processes greatly enhances our ability to diagnose and treat these diseases at an early stage. We describe molecular compositions enabling sensitive and precise imaging of inflammatory hotspots in vivo. Methods: A functionalized nanoemulsion with a fluorocarbon-encapsulated radiometal chelate (FERM) was developed to serve as a platform for multimodal imaging probe development. The 19F-containing FERM nanoemulsion encapsulates 89Zr in the fluorous oil via a fluorinated hydroxamic acid chelate. Simple mixing of the radiometal with the preformed aqueous nanoemulsion before use yields FERM, a stable in vivo cell tracer, enabling whole-body 89Zr PET and 19F MRI after a single intravenous injection. Results: The FERM nanoemulsion was intrinsically taken up by phagocytic immune cells, particularly macrophages, with high specificity. FERM stability was demonstrated by a high correlation between the 19F and 89Zr content in the blood (correlation coefficient > 0.99). Image sensitivity at a low dose (37 kBq) was observed in a rodent model of acute infection. The versatility of FERM was further demonstrated in models of inflammatory bowel disease and 4T1 tumor. Conclusion: Multimodal detection using FERM yields robust whole-body lesion detection and leverages the strengths of combined PET and 19F MRI. The FERM nanoemulsion has scalable production and is potentially useful for precise diagnosis, stratification, and treatment monitoring of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Benjamin I Leach
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Deanne Lister
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Stephen R Adams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hongyan Xu
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Carl Hoh
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Patrick McConville
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Invicro, Inc., Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Jing Zhang
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Karen Messer
- Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Eric T Ahrens
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California;
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19
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Pellico J, Gawne PJ, T M de Rosales R. Radiolabelling of nanomaterials for medical imaging and therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:3355-3423. [PMID: 33491714 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs00384k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nanomaterials offer unique physical, chemical and biological properties of interest for medical imaging and therapy. Over the last two decades, there has been an increasing effort to translate nanomaterial-based medicinal products (so-called nanomedicines) into clinical practice and, although multiple nanoparticle-based formulations are clinically available, there is still a disparity between the number of pre-clinical products and those that reach clinical approval. To facilitate the efficient clinical translation of nanomedicinal-drugs, it is important to study their whole-body biodistribution and pharmacokinetics from the early stages of their development. Integrating this knowledge with that of their therapeutic profile and/or toxicity should provide a powerful combination to efficiently inform nanomedicine trials and allow early selection of the most promising candidates. In this context, radiolabelling nanomaterials allows whole-body and non-invasive in vivo tracking by the sensitive clinical imaging techniques positron emission tomography (PET), and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Furthermore, certain radionuclides with specific nuclear emissions can elicit therapeutic effects by themselves, leading to radionuclide-based therapy. To ensure robust information during the development of nanomaterials for PET/SPECT imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, selection of the most appropriate radiolabelling method and knowledge of its limitations are critical. Different radiolabelling strategies are available depending on the type of material, the radionuclide and/or the final application. In this review we describe the different radiolabelling strategies currently available, with a critical vision over their advantages and disadvantages. The final aim is to review the most relevant and up-to-date knowledge available in this field, and support the efficient clinical translation of future nanomedicinal products for in vivo imaging and/or therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pellico
- School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK.
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20
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Peñate Medina T, Kolb JP, Hüttmann G, Huber R, Peñate Medina O, Ha L, Ulloa P, Larsen N, Ferrari A, Rafecas M, Ellrichmann M, Pravdivtseva MS, Anikeeva M, Humbert J, Both M, Hundt JE, Hövener JB. Imaging Inflammation - From Whole Body Imaging to Cellular Resolution. Front Immunol 2021; 12:692222. [PMID: 34248987 PMCID: PMC8264453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.692222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Imaging techniques have evolved impressively lately, allowing whole new concepts like multimodal imaging, personal medicine, theranostic therapies, and molecular imaging to increase general awareness of possiblities of imaging to medicine field. Here, we have collected the selected (3D) imaging modalities and evaluated the recent findings on preclinical and clinical inflammation imaging. The focus has been on the feasibility of imaging to aid in inflammation precision medicine, and the key challenges and opportunities of the imaging modalities are presented. Some examples of the current usage in clinics/close to clinics have been brought out as an example. This review evaluates the future prospects of the imaging technologies for clinical applications in precision medicine from the pre-clinical development point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuula Peñate Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tuula Peñate Medina, ; Jan-Bernd Hövener,
| | - Jan Philip Kolb
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL), Gießen, Germany
| | - Robert Huber
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Oula Peñate Medina
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research (IET), University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Linh Ha
- Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein Lübeck (UKSH), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Patricia Ulloa
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Naomi Larsen
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Arianna Ferrari
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Magdalena Rafecas
- Institute of Medical Engineering (IMT), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mark Ellrichmann
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy, Medical Department1, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mariya S. Pravdivtseva
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mariia Anikeeva
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jana Humbert
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcus Both
- Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Centers Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Jennifer E. Hundt
- Lübeck Institute for Experimental Dermatology (LIED), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan-Bernd Hövener
- Section Biomedical Imaging, Molecular Imaging North Competence Center (MOIN CC), Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medical Center, Schleswig-Holstein Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tuula Peñate Medina, ; Jan-Bernd Hövener,
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21
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Ahmed M, Tegnebratt T, Tran TA, Lu L, Damberg P, Gisterå A, Tarnawski L, Bone D, Hedin U, Eriksson P, Holmin S, Gustafsson B, Caidahl K. Molecular Imaging of Inflammation in a Mouse Model of Atherosclerosis Using a Zirconium-89-Labeled Probe. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:6137-6152. [PMID: 32884268 PMCID: PMC7434576 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s256395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Beyond clinical atherosclerosis imaging of vessel stenosis and plaque morphology, early detection of inflamed atherosclerotic lesions by molecular imaging could improve risk assessment and clinical management in high-risk patients. To identify inflamed atherosclerotic lesions by molecular imaging in vivo, we studied the specificity of our radiotracer based on maleylated (Mal) human serum albumin (HSA), which targets key features of unstable atherosclerotic lesions. Materials and Methods Mal-HSA was radiolabeled with a positron-emitting metal ion, zirconium-89 (89Zr4+). The targeting potential of this probe was compared with unspecific 89Zr-HSA and 18F-FDG in an experimental model of atherosclerosis (Apoe–/– mice, n=22), and compared with wild-type (WT) mice (C57BL/6J, n=21) as controls. Results PET/MRI, gamma counter measurements, and autoradiography showed the accumulation of 89Zr-Mal-HSA in the atherosclerotic lesions of Apoe–/– mice. The maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) for 89Zr-Mal-HSA at 16 and 20 weeks were 26% and 20% higher (P<0.05) in Apoe–/– mice than in control WT mice, whereas no difference in SUVmax was observed for 18F-FDG in the same animals. 89Zr-Mal-HSA uptake in the aorta, as evaluated by a gamma counter 48 h postinjection, was 32% higher (P<0.01) for Apoe–/– mice than in WT mice, and the aorta-to-blood ratio was 8-fold higher (P<0.001) for 89Zr-Mal-HSA compared with unspecific 89Zr-HSA. HSA-based probes were mainly distributed to the liver, spleen, kidneys, bone, and lymph nodes. The phosphor imaging autoradiography (PI-ARG) results corroborated the PET and gamma counter measurements, showing higher accumulation of 89Zr-Mal-HSA in the aortas of Apoe–/– mice than in WT mice (9.4±1.4 vs 0.8±0.3%; P<0.001). Conclusion 89Zr radiolabeling of Mal-HSA probes resulted in detectable activity in atherosclerotic lesions in aortas of Apoe–/– mice, as demonstrated by quantitative in vivo PET/MRI. 89Zr-Mal-HSA appears to be a promising diagnostic tool for the early identification of macrophage-rich areas of inflammation in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Ahmed
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Cardiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Tetyana Tegnebratt
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Thuy A Tran
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Li Lu
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Radiopharmacy, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Peter Damberg
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Anton Gisterå
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Laura Tarnawski
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Dianna Bone
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Ulf Hedin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Per Eriksson
- Department of Medicine Solna, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Staffan Holmin
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Björn Gustafsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden
| | - Kenneth Caidahl
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Center for Molecular Medicine, BioClinicum, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, SE 17176, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, SE 41345, Sweden.,Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE 41345, Sweden
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22
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Galea N, Bandera F, Lauri C, Autore C, Laghi A, Erba PA. Multimodality Imaging in the Diagnostic Work-Up of Endocarditis and Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device (CIED) Infection. J Clin Med 2020; 9:E2237. [PMID: 32674517 PMCID: PMC7408824 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Infective endocarditis (IE) is a serious cardiac condition, which includes a wide range of clinical presentations, with varying degrees of severity. The diagnosis is multifactorial and a proper characterization of disease requires the identification of the primary site of infection (usually the cardiac valve) and the search of secondary systemic complications. Early depiction of local complications or distant embolization has a great impact on patient management and prognosis, as it may induce to aggressive antibiotic treatment or, in more advanced cases, cardiac surgery. In this setting, the multimodality imaging has assumed a pivotal role in the clinical decision making and it requires the physician to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of each imaging technique. Echocardiography is the first imaging test, but it has several limitations. Therefore, the integration with other imaging modalities (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear imaging) becomes often necessary. Different strategies should be applied depending on whether the infection is suspected or already ascertained, whether located in native or prosthetic valves, in the left or right chambers, or if it involves an implanted cardiac device. In addition, detection of extracardiac IE-related lesions is crucial for a correct management and treatment. The aim of this review is to illustrate strengths and weaknesses of the various methods in the most common clinical scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Galea
- Department of Experimental Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Bandera
- Heart Failure Unit, Cardiology University Department, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Piazza Malan, 1, San Donato Milanese, 20097 Milan, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milano, Via Luigi Mangiagalli, 31, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauri
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Camillo Autore
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Andrea Laghi
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and of Translational Medicine, “Sapienza” University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Medical Imaging Center, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 Groningen, The Netherlands
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23
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Perrin J, Capitao M, Mougin-Degraef M, Guérard F, Faivre-Chauvet A, Rbah-Vidal L, Gaschet J, Guilloux Y, Kraeber-Bodéré F, Chérel M, Barbet J. Cell Tracking in Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:34. [PMID: 32118018 PMCID: PMC7033605 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The impressive development of cancer immunotherapy in the last few years originates from a more precise understanding of control mechanisms in the immune system leading to the discovery of new targets and new therapeutic tools. Since different stages of disease progression elicit different local and systemic inflammatory responses, the ability to longitudinally interrogate the migration and expansion of immune cells throughout the whole body will greatly facilitate disease characterization and guide selection of appropriate treatment regiments. While using radiolabeled white blood cells to detect inflammatory lesions has been a classical nuclear medicine technique for years, new non-invasive methods for monitoring the distribution and migration of biologically active cells in living organisms have emerged. They are designed to improve detection sensitivity and allow for a better preservation of cell activity and integrity. These methods include the monitoring of therapeutic cells but also of all cells related to a specific disease or therapeutic approach. Labeling of therapeutic cells for imaging may be performed in vitro, with some limitations on sensitivity and duration of observation. Alternatively, in vivo cell tracking may be performed by genetically engineering cells or mice so that may be revealed through imaging. In addition, SPECT or PET imaging based on monoclonal antibodies has been used to detect tumors in the human body for years. They may be used to detect and quantify the presence of specific cells within cancer lesions. These methods have been the object of several recent reviews that have concentrated on technical aspects, stressing the differences between direct and indirect labeling. They are briefly described here by distinguishing ex vivo (labeling cells with paramagnetic, radioactive, or fluorescent tracers) and in vivo (in vivo capture of injected radioactive, fluorescent or luminescent tracers, or by using labeled antibodies, ligands, or pre-targeted clickable substrates) imaging methods. This review focuses on cell tracking in specific therapeutic applications, namely cell therapy, and particularly CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) T-cell therapy, which is a fast-growing research field with various therapeutic indications. The potential impact of imaging on the progress of these new therapeutic modalities is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Perrin
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marisa Capitao
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Marie Mougin-Degraef
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - François Guérard
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Alain Faivre-Chauvet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Latifa Rbah-Vidal
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Joëlle Gaschet
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Yannick Guilloux
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Nantes, France.,Nuclear Medicine, ICO Cancer Center, Saint-Herblain, France
| | - Michel Chérel
- CRCINA, INSERM, CNRS, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Nuclear Medicine, ICO Cancer Center, Saint-Herblain, France
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24
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Molecular Imaging of Inflammation and Infection. Clin Nucl Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-39457-8_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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25
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Abstract
Despite significant advances in the understanding of microorganisms and an increased availability of antimicrobial therapy, infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis can be challenging and imaging studies often are used for confirmation and localization. For nearly 50 years, molecular imaging agents have played an important role in the diagnosis of infection. Gallium-67 citrate was perhaps the first molecular imaging agent used for diagnosing and localizing infection. Poor imaging characteristics, along with a lack of specificity, and the long (usually 48-72 hours) interval between administration and imaging motivated investigators to search for alternatives. Currently the role of 67Ga is limited to differentiating acute tubular necrosis from interstitial nephritis and as an alternative to 18F-FDG for indications, such as sarcoid, spondylodiscitis, and fever of unknown origin, when the latter is not available. The development, in the mid-1970s, of techniques for radiolabeling leukocytes that subsequently migrate to foci of infection was a significant advance and labeled leukocyte imaging still has a preeminent role in molecular imaging of infection. There are significant disadvantages to in-vitro labeled leukocyte imaging. Efforts devoted to developing in-vivo leukocyte labeling methods, however, met with only limited success. Over the past 20 years 18F-FDG has established itself as the molecular imaging agent of choice for fever of unknown origin, vasculitis, sarcoid, and spondylodiscitis. As useful as these agents are, their uptake is based on the host response to infection, not infection itself. Previous attempts at developing infection specific agents, including radiolabeled antibiotics, antibiotics, and vitamins like biotin were limited by poor results and/or limited availability and so investigators continue to focus on developing infection specific molecular imaging agents. Initial results with radiolabeled nucleoside analogs, sugars, and amino acids, and a renewed interest in radiolabeled antibiotics for both diagnosis and monitoring treatment are exciting and hold great promise for the future.
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26
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Zirconium-89 radio-nanochemistry and its applications towards the bioimaging of prostate cancer. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.119041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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27
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Socan A, Petrik M, Kolenc Peitl P, Krošelj M, Rangger C, Novy Z, Svajger U, Gmeiner T, Decristoforo C. On-cartridge preparation and evaluation of 68Ga-, 89Zr- and 64Cu-precursors for cell radiolabelling. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 71:23-31. [PMID: 31128475 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Indium-111 when formulated as indium-111 oxine remains the gold standard for long term cell tracking, whereas radiometals for improved PET applications still have to be established. We here describe the on-cartridge formation of gallium-68, zirconium-89 and copper-64 complexes in small volumes suitable for cell labelling, including labelling of red blood cells (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC) and their biological evaluation in vivo. METHODS Small volumes (1-2 mL) of tracers (oxine, tropolone) were directly prepared on an anion exchange cartridge (Sep-Pak QMA). Cells were radiolabelled and the labelling efficiency and efflux were evaluated. The in vivo biodistribution of copper-64-labelled WBC using [64Cu][Cu(oxinate)2] and [64Cu][Cu(tropolonate)2] was monitored in an infection and inflammation animal model using BALB/c mice. RESULTS On-cartridge concentration of gallium-68, zirconium-89 and copper-64 enabled formation of oxine and tropolone tracers in small volumes with good yields (≥50%) and quality (extraction ≥90%). Prepared tracers radiolabelled the RBC comparable to indium-111 tracers and in vivo biodistribution of copper-64 labelled WBC showed clear accumulation of cells at the site of infection and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS This on-cartridge preparation method enables simple formation of various PET tracers for cell radiolabelling. Zirconium-89 and copper-64 tracers radiolabelled cells with sufficient stability. Due to their longer half-life this approach could be promising for routine applications where longer evaluation periods for cell tracking are needed. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE This novel approach for on-cartridge concentration and preparation of oxine and tropolone precursors with different positron emitters, in small volume and suitable pH, offers a versatile tool towards cell labelling for preclinical and clinical PET applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Socan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Petrik
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - P Kolenc Peitl
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - M Krošelj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - C Rangger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Z Novy
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - U Svajger
- Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - T Gmeiner
- Institue of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - C Decristoforo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.
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28
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Sollini M, Berchiolli R, Kirienko M, Rossi A, Glaudemans AWJM, Slart R, Erba PA. PET/MRI in Infection and Inflammation. Semin Nucl Med 2018; 48:225-241. [PMID: 29626940 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Hybrid positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MR) systems are now more and more available for clinical use. PET/MR combines the unique features of MR including excellent soft tissue contrast, diffusion-weighted imaging, dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging, fMRI and other specialized sequences as well as MR spectroscopy with the quantitative physiologic information that is provided by PET. Most of the evidence of the potential clinical utility of PET/MRI is available for neuroimaging. Other areas, where PET/MR can play a larger role include head and neck, upper abdominal, and pelvic tumours. Although the role of PET/MR in infection and inflammation of the cardiovascular system and in musculoskeletal applications are promising, these areas of clinical investigation are still in the early phase and it may be a little longer before these areas reach their full potential in clinical practice. In this review, we outline the potential of hybrid PET/MR for imaging infection and inflammation. A background to the main radiopharmaceuticals and some technical considerations are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sollini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaella Berchiolli
- Vascular Surgery Unit Department of Translational Research and Advanced Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Margarita Kirienko
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - Alexia Rossi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan, Italy
| | - A W J M Glaudemans
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Riemer Slart
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Medical Imaging Center, Groningen, The Netherlands.; University of Twente, Faculty of Science and Technology, Biomedical Photonic Imaging, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and Advanced, Technologies in Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy..
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29
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Lahiri S, Choudhury D, Sen K. Radio-green chemistry and nature resourced radiochemistry. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-018-6240-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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30
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Salmanoglu E, Kim S, Thakur ML. Currently Available Radiopharmaceuticals for Imaging Infection and the Holy Grail. Semin Nucl Med 2018; 48:86-99. [PMID: 29452623 PMCID: PMC6487501 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Infection is ubiquitous. However, its management is challenging for both the patients and the health-care providers. Scintigraphic imaging of infection dates back nearly half a century. The advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology of disease at cellular and molecular levels have paved the way to the development of a large number of radiopharmaceuticals for scintigraphic imaging of infection. These include radiolabeling of blood elements such as serum proteins, white blood cells (WBCs), and cytokines, to name a few. Infectious foci have also been imaged using a radiolabeled sugar molecule by taking advantage of increased metabolic activity in the infectious lesions. Literature over the years has well documented that none of the radiopharmaceuticals and associated procedures that facilitate imaging infection are flawless and acceptable without a compromise. As a result, only a few compounds such as 99mTc-hexamethylpropyleneamineoxime, 18F-FDG, the oldest but still considered as a gold standard 111In-oxine, and, yes, even 67Ga-citrate in some countries, have remained in routine clinical practice. Nonetheless, the interest of scientists and physicians to improve the approaches to imaging and to the management of infection is noteworthy. These approaches have paved the way for the development of numerous, innovative radiopharmaceuticals to label autologous WBCs ex vivo or even those that could be injected directly to image infection or inflammation without direct involvement of WBCs. In this review, we briefly describe these agents with their pros and cons and place them together for future reference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Salmanoglu
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University Faculty of Medicine, Avsar Kampus, Kahramanmaras 46040, Turkey
| | - Sung Kim
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Mathew L Thakur
- Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107; Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107.
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Fairclough M, Ellis B, Boutin H, Jones A, McMahon A, Alzabin S, Gennari A, Prenant C. Development of a method for the preparation of zirconium-89 radiolabelled chitosan nanoparticles as an application for leukocyte trafficking with positron emission tomography. Appl Radiat Isot 2017; 130:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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32
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Fairclough M, Prenant C, Ellis B, Boutin H, McMahon A, Brown G, Locatelli P, Jones A. A new technique for the radiolabelling of mixed leukocytes with zirconium-89 for inflammation imaging with positron emission tomography. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2016; 59:270-6. [PMID: 27061114 PMCID: PMC5074313 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mixed leukocyte (white blood cells [WBCs]) trafficking using positron emission tomography (PET) is receiving growing interest to diagnose and monitor inflammatory conditions. PET, a high sensitivity molecular imaging technique, allows precise quantification of the signal produced from radiolabelled moieties. We have evaluated a new method for radiolabelling WBCs with either zirconium-89 ((89) Zr) or copper-64 ((64) Cu) for PET imaging. Chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) were produced by a process of ionotropic gelation and used to deliver radiometals into WBCs. Experiments were carried out using mixed WBCs freshly isolated from whole human blood. WBCs radiolabelling efficiency was higher with [(89) Zr]-loaded CN (76.8 ± 9.6% (n = 12)) than with [(64) Cu]-loaded CN (26.3 ± 7.0 % (n = 7)). [(89) Zr]-WBCs showed an initial loss of 28.4 ± 5.8% (n = 2) of the radioactivity after 2 h. This loss was then followed by a plateau as (89) Zr remains stable in the cells. [(64) Cu]-WBCs showed a loss of 85 ± 6% (n = 3) of the radioactivity after 1 h, which increased to 96 ± 6% (n = 3) loss after 3 h. WBC labelling with [(89) Zr]-loaded CN showed a fast kinetic of leukocyte association, high labelling efficiency and a relatively good retention of the radioactivity. This method using (89) Zr has a potential application for PET imaging of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C. Prenant
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging CentreManchesterUK
| | - B. Ellis
- NHS Foundation TrustCentral Manchester University HospitalManchesterUK
| | - H. Boutin
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging CentreManchesterUK
| | - A. McMahon
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging CentreManchesterUK
| | - G. Brown
- Wolfson Molecular Imaging CentreManchesterUK
| | - P. Locatelli
- Materials Science BuildingUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - A.K.P. Jones
- Clinical Sciences BuildingSalford Royal NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUK
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