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Gong Y, Zhang W, Chen L, Lin R, Zhou R, Salter R. Nitro-Activated Nucleobase Exchange in the Synthesis of 2'-Fluoro-2'-Deoxyribonucleosides. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9330-9342. [PMID: 35759615 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Functionalized nucleosides bearing pyrimidine or purine bases can be prepared by activation of accessible pyrimidine nucleosides and subsequent transglycosylation. Nitration of lumicitabine, a 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxycytidine class antiviral agent, and its 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine precursor produce the same 5-nitro-2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine. Under Vorbrüggen conditions, 5-nitrouracil serves as the leaving nucleobase and enables exchange with pyrimidine and purine nucleobases to anomeric 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyribonucleosides in favor of β-anomers generally. The strategy is also applied in the isotopic labeling of 2'-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Gong
- Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Wei Zhang
- Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Lu Chen
- Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ronghui Lin
- Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Ronghui Zhou
- Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Rhys Salter
- Janssen Research & Development, Johnson & Johnson, Spring House, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
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Fischer O, Hubert A, Heinrich MR. Shifted Selectivity in Protonation Enables the Mild Deuteration of Arenes Through Catalytic Amounts of Bronsted Acids in Deuterated Methanol. J Org Chem 2020; 85:11856-11866. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Fischer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander—Universität Erlangen—Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anja Hubert
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander—Universität Erlangen—Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus R. Heinrich
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Friedrich-Alexander—Universität Erlangen—Nürnberg, Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Str. 10, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Kargbo RB, Sherwood A, Walker A, Cozzi NV, Dagger RE, Sable J, O’Hern K, Kaylo K, Patterson T, Tarpley G, Meisenheimer P. Direct Phosphorylation of Psilocin Enables Optimized cGMP Kilogram-Scale Manufacture of Psilocybin. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:16959-16966. [PMID: 32685866 PMCID: PMC7364850 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
A second-generation kilogram-scale synthesis of the psychedelic tryptamine psilocybin has been developed. The synthesis was designed to address several challenges first encountered with the scale-up of previously described literature procedures, which were not optimized for providing consistent yield and purity of products, atom economy, or being run in pilot plant-scale reactors. These challenges were addressed and circumvented with the design of the second-generation route, which featured an optimized cGMP large-scale Speeter-Anthony tryptamine synthesis to the intermediate psilocin with improved in-process control and impurity removal over the three steps. Psilocin was subsequently phosphorylated directly with phosphorous oxychloride for the first time, avoiding a tedious and poor atom economy benzyl-protecting group strategy common to all previously described methods for producing psilocybin. In this report, the challenges encountered in a 100 g scale first-generation literature-based synthesis are highlighted, followed by a detailed description of the newly developed second-generation synthesis to provide over one kilogram of high-purity psilocybin under cGMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert B. Kargbo
- Usona
Institute, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Alexander Sherwood
- Usona
Institute, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Andrew Walker
- Almac
Sciences, 20 Seagoe Industrial Estate, Craigavon BT63 5QD, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas V. Cozzi
- Neuropharmacology
Laboratory, University of Wisconsin School
of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
- Alexander
Shulgin Research Institute, 1483 Shulgin Road, Lafayette, California 94549, United States
| | - Raymond E. Dagger
- Stonehedge
Pharmaceutical Consulting, LLC, 13121 Old Annapolis Road, Mount Airy, Maryland 21771, United States
| | - Jessica Sable
- Promega
Corporation, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Kelsey O’Hern
- Usona
Institute, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Kristi Kaylo
- Usona
Institute, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Tura Patterson
- Usona
Institute, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Gary Tarpley
- Usona
Institute, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
| | - Poncho Meisenheimer
- Usona
Institute, 2800 Woods
Hollow Road, Madison, Wisconsin 53711, United States
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Hesk D. Highlights of C (sp 2 )-H hydrogen isotope exchange reactions. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 63:247-265. [PMID: 31410875 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The highlights of C (sp2 )-H hydrogen isotope exchange (HIE) methods developed over the past 10 years are summarized in this review. Major developments include improved Ir(I) catalysts with greater functional group and solvent compatibility and the development of novel base metal catalysts for HIE. In addition, a number of novel Ru-based catalysts have been developed with promising activity. In the area of Pt- and Pd-catalysed exchange, in addition to new advances on heterogeneous Pt- and Pd-catalysed HIE by Sajiki and Shevchenko, a number of groups have reported on homogenous catalysts of Pt and Pd that show an interesting activity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Hesk
- Radiochemistry Section, Centre for Drug Discovery, RTI International, North Carolina, USA
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Xavier Domínguez-Villa F, Ávila-Zárraga G, Armenta-Salinas C. Synthesis of new fused dipyrroloazepinones via a two-step tandem reaction: Comparison of the Schmidt and Beckmann pathways. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.151751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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