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Taherzadeh M, Zhang E, Londono I, De Leener B, Wang S, Cooper JD, Kennedy TE, Morales CR, Chen Z, Lodygensky GA, Pshezhetsky AV. Severe central nervous system demyelination in Sanfilippo disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1323449. [PMID: 38163061 PMCID: PMC10756675 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1323449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Chronic progressive neuroinflammation is a hallmark of neurological lysosomal storage diseases, including mucopolysaccharidosis III (MPS III or Sanfilippo disease). Since neuroinflammation is linked to white matter tract pathology, we analyzed axonal myelination and white matter density in the mouse model of MPS IIIC HgsnatP304L and post-mortem brain samples of MPS III patients. Methods Brain and spinal cord tissues of human MPS III patients, 6-month-old HgsnatP304L mice and age- and sex-matching wild type mice were analyzed by immunofluorescence to assess levels of myelin-associated proteins, primary and secondary storage materials, and levels of microgliosis. Corpus callosum (CC) region was studied by transmission electron microscopy to analyze axon myelination and morphology of oligodendrocytes and microglia. Mouse brains were analyzed ex vivo by high-filed MRI using Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging in Python-Diffusion tensor imaging algorithms. Results Analyses of CC and spinal cord tissues by immunohistochemistry revealed substantially reduced levels of myelin-associated proteins including Myelin Basic Protein, Myelin Associated Glycoprotein, and Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein. Furthermore, ultrastructural analyses revealed disruption of myelin sheath organization and reduced myelin thickness in the brains of MPS IIIC mice and human MPS IIIC patients compared to healthy controls. Oligodendrocytes (OLs) in the CC of MPS IIIC mice were scarce, while examination of the remaining cells revealed numerous enlarged lysosomes containing heparan sulfate, GM3 ganglioside or "zebra bodies" consistent with accumulation of lipids and myelin fragments. In addition, OLs contained swollen mitochondria with largely dissolved cristae, resembling those previously identified in the dysfunctional neurons of MPS IIIC mice. Ex vivo Diffusion Basis Spectrum Imaging revealed compelling signs of demyelination (26% increase in radial diffusivity) and tissue loss (76% increase in hindered diffusivity) in CC of MPS IIIC mice. Discussion Our findings demonstrate an important role for white matter injury in the pathophysiology of MPS III. This study also defines specific parameters and brain regions for MRI analysis and suggests that it may become a crucial non-invasive method to evaluate disease progression and therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Taherzadeh
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Erjun Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Irene Londono
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Benjamin De Leener
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- NeuroPoly Lab, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, École Polytechnique de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sophie Wang
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory (PSDL), Departments of Pediatrics, Genetics and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Cooper
- Pediatric Storage Disorders Laboratory (PSDL), Departments of Pediatrics, Genetics and Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Timothy E. Kennedy
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Carlos R. Morales
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zesheng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Gregory A. Lodygensky
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alexey V. Pshezhetsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Sainte-Justine Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Jacques CED, Guerreiro G, Lopes FF, de Souza CFM, Giugliani R, Vargas CR. Alterations of Plasmatic Biomarkers of Neurodegeneration in Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II Patients Under Enzyme Replacement Therapy. Cell Biochem Biophys 2023; 81:533-542. [PMID: 37470932 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-023-01149-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a disorder caused by a deficient activity of iduronate-2-sulfatase, a lysosomal enzyme responsible for degrading glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). The abnormal storage of GAGs within lysosomes disrupts cellular homeostasis and leads to a severe symptomatology. Patients present neuropsychiatric impairment characterized by mental retardation and impaired cognition. The aim of this study was to quantify four neurodegeneration biomarkers in plasma: brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-AA), neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) and cathepsin-D, as well as to identify possible correlations with urinary GAGs in seven patients undergoing treatment with ERT (Elaprase® 0.5 mg/kg of body weight). Patients with both severe and attenuated forms of MPS II showed signs of neurodegeneration in neuroimaging exams. Patients have a decrease in BDNF and PDGF-AA concentrations, and an increase in NCAM level compared to controls. No alterations in cathepsin-D concentration were seen. GAGs levels were higher in patients than in controls, but no significant correlations between GAGs and biomarkers were observed. These results evidence that patients have neurodegeneration and that monitoring these biomarkers might be useful for assessing this process. To this date, this is the first work to analyze these plasmatic markers of neurodegeneration in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Eduardo Diaz Jacques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-903, Brazil.
| | - Gilian Guerreiro
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-903, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil
| | - Franciele Fatima Lopes
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-903, Brazil
| | | | - Roberto Giugliani
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-903, Brazil
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biociências, UFRGS, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 91501-970, Brazil
| | - Carmen Regla Vargas
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, UFRGS, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2600, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90035-003, Brazil.
- Serviço de Genética Médica, HCPA, R. Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90050-903, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Farmácia, UFRGS, Av. Ipiranga, 2752, Porto Alegre, RS, CEP 90610-000, Brazil.
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