1
|
Madekurozwa MC, Mpango MM. The shell gland in laying and natural moulting commercial egg-type chickens: A histomorphological and ultrastructural study. Anat Histol Embryol 2020; 49:521-531. [PMID: 32227507 DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the histological and ultrastructural changes in the luminal epithelium of the shell gland associated with natural moulting. Samples of the shell gland from laying (32 weeks old) and moulting (75 weeks old) hens were studied using histological, histochemical and electron microscopic techniques. In addition, TUNEL was used to demonstrate the distribution of apoptotic cells in the luminal epithelium of the shell gland. Autophagy, characterized by the presence of autophagosomes and autolysosomes, was evident in the early stages of degeneration in non-ciliated, ciliated and mitochondrial cells. The intermediate and advanced stages of regression in non-ciliated as well as mitochondrial cells occurred via apoptosis, while both apoptotic and necrotic ciliated cells were observed during the later stages of degeneration. The results of the present study suggest that a synergy of autophagy, apoptosis and necrosis is involved in the involution of the shell gland during natural moulting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mike M Mpango
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Arias JL, Fernandez MS. Role of extracellular matrix molecules in shell formation and structure. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1079/wps20010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Arias
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Materials (CIMAT), Santiago, Chile
| | - M. S. Fernandez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Materials (CIMAT), Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Affiliation(s)
- S.E. Solomon
- Poultry Research Unit, Department of Veterinary Preclinical Studies, University of Glasgow Veterinary School, Beardsen, Glasgow G61 1QH, United Kingdom,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wistedt A, Ridderstråle Y, Wall H, Holm L. Age-related changes in the shell gland and duodenum in relation to shell quality and bone strength in commercial laying hen hybrids. Acta Vet Scand 2019; 61:14. [PMID: 30866991 PMCID: PMC6417018 DOI: 10.1186/s13028-019-0449-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background During the production period of laying hens, the number of cracked eggshells increases and the skeleton becomes brittle. Both these problems are related to ageing of the hen and cause economic problems for egg producers and impaired animal welfare. This study investigated key factors in the shell gland and duodenum related to eggshell quality and bone strength in laying hens during the production period. Five Lohmann Selected Leghorn (LSL) and five Lohmann Brown (LB), common hybrids in commercial egg production, were euthanized at 21, 29, 49 and 70 weeks (wk) of age. Blood samples for analysis of total calcium were taken at euthanization. Right femur and humerus were used for bone strength measurements and tissue samples from shell gland and duodenum were processed for morphology, immunohistochemical localisation of oestrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ), plasma membrane calcium ATPase (PMCA) and histochemical localisation of carbonic anhydrases (CA). Eggs were collected for shell quality measurements. Results At age 49 week, shell and bone strength had both deteriorated, but the hens were then able to maintain the level until 70 week of age and femur bone strength even improved. The main physiological findings associated with the effects seen at 49 week were reduced gland density and a shift in balance between ERα and ERβ in the shell gland, which coincided with a reduction in CA activity in the duodenum. Somewhat surprisingly, capillary density and capillaries with CA activity both increased in the shell gland over time, the latter possibly mediated via ERβ. These findings were independent of hybrid. PMCA was found in both shell gland and duodenum, but appeared unrelated to the age-related changes in shell and bone quality. Conclusions In hens around half-way through the production period, both shell quality and bone strength had deteriorated. Decreased gland density and a shift in the balance between ERα and ERβ in the shell gland, co-occurring with a dramatic drop in duodenal CA activity, are suggested as possible factors involved in age-related changes in shell and bone quality. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13028-019-0449-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
|
5
|
Eggshell matrix proteins OC-116, OC-17 and OCX36 in hen's sperm storage tubules. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:28-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
|
6
|
Li G, Sun C, Wu G, Shi F, Liu A, Yang N. iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Potential Regulatory Proteins Involved in Chicken Eggshell Brownness. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168750. [PMID: 28006025 PMCID: PMC5179088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Brown eggs are popular in many countries and consumers regard eggshell brownness as an important indicator of egg quality. However, the potential regulatory proteins and detailed molecular mechanisms regulating eggshell brownness have yet to be clearly defined. In the present study, we performed quantitative proteomics analysis with iTRAQ technology in the shell gland epithelium of hens laying dark and light brown eggs to investigate the candidate proteins and molecular mechanisms underlying variation in chicken eggshell brownness. The results indicated 147 differentially expressed proteins between these two groups, among which 65 and 82 proteins were significantly up-regulated in the light and dark groups, respectively. Functional analysis indicated that in the light group, the down-regulated iron-sulfur cluster assembly protein (Iba57) would decrease the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX; furthermore, the up-regulated protein solute carrier family 25 (mitochondrial carrier; adenine nucleotide translocator), member 5 (SLC25A5) and down-regulated translocator protein (TSPO) would lead to increased amounts of protoporphyrin IX transported into the mitochondria matrix to form heme with iron, which is supplied by ovotransferrin protein (TF). In other words, chickens from the light group produce less protoporphyrin IX, which is mainly used for heme synthesis. Therefore, the exported protoporphyrin IX available for eggshell deposition and brownness is reduced in the light group. The current study provides valuable information to elucidate variation of chicken eggshell brownness, and demonstrates the feasibility and sensitivity of iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomics analysis in providing useful insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying brown eggshell pigmentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangqi Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Congjiao Sun
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guiqin Wu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Layer, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Shi
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Layer, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqiao Liu
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Layer, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding and MOA Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Banerjee S, Chaturvedi CM. Nesfatin-1: Localization and expression in avian gonads and its modulation by temporal phase relation of neural oscillations in female Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 224:205-15. [PMID: 26319133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In a search for new appetite-controlling signals, the peptide nesfatin-1, expressed in the brain and peripheral tissues of rodents and humans has been reported to regulate feeding by reducing food intake. Recently it has also been reported that nesfatin-1 might be involved in regulating the reproductive axis in fishes and mammals, but its expression and physiological role if any, is not yet known in birds. In the present study, localization and expression of nesfatin-1 was observed in the testis, ovary and shell gland of poultry species Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Our earlier studies have reported that serotonin precursor 5-HTP and dopamine precursor l-DOPA given 8h apart induces gonadal suppression, when given 12h apart leads to gonadal stimulation while other relationships were found ineffective. In the present study intense ir-nesfatin-1 was observed in the regressed ovary (stromal cells) and shell gland (endometrium) of 8-h Japanese quail while in 12-h quail, weak and scarce immunostaining for nesfatin-1 was detected in the hyperactive ovary and shell gland compared to control. These findings led us to conclude that, an inverse relationship exists between ovarian activity (both in the control and simulated conditions) and nesfatin-1 expression. Present avian study, first of its kind, also suggests the role of nesfatin-1 in reproductive regulation possibly via appetite control and energy balance in female Japanese quail and needs to be investigated further in relation to food intake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Somanshu Banerjee
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Madekurozwa MC. Immunolocalization of Intermediate Filaments and Laminin in the Oviduct of the Immature and Mature Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Anat Histol Embryol 2013; 43:210-20. [DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.-C. Madekurozwa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology; University of Pretoria; Private bag X04 Onderstepoort 0110 South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Madekurozwa MC. An Immunohistochemical Study of the Oviduct in the Domestic Fowl (Gallus domesticus). Anat Histol Embryol 2012; 42:48-56. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2012.01164.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M.-C. Madekurozwa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology; University of Pretoria; Private bag X04; Onderstepoort; 0110; South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Srivastava R, Cornett LE, Chaturvedi CM. Age-dependent expression of AVT and its oxytocic-like receptor VT3 in the shell gland of Japanese quail, Coturnix coturnix japonica. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2010; 165:47-52. [PMID: 19505466 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 05/19/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The avian neurohypophyseal hormone AVT is an important regulatory hormone involved in many physiological processes including oviposition; an age-related phenomenon, through its action on the shell gland. In this study, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization was performed to study the expression of immunoreactive (ir) AVT and its oxytocic-like receptor VT3 transcript in the ovary/shell gland of Japanese quail representing sexually immature, mature and old condition. Our results indicate that ir-AVT is present in the ovary of sexually active adult only, but in the shell gland it is observed in both sexually active adult and sexually quiescent old quail. Further, VT3 gene transcript although not detected in the shell gland of sexually immature birds, has been found abundantly in the myometrium of shell gland of sexually active adult quail with a slight decrease in old birds. It is concluded that in addition to the ovarian function and shell gland activity, the expression of AVT and VT3 receptor in the shell gland also varies with the age dependent reproductive/egg laying performance of the Japanese quail. Our findings also suggest that (i) local synthesis of AVT and the expression of its oxytocic-like VT3 receptors is estrogen dependent and (ii) shell gland AVT upregulates its VT3 receptor (paracrine role) in advance to facilitate the role of neurohypophyseal AVT during oviposition.
Collapse
|
11
|
Parizzi RC, Santos JM, Oliveira MF, Maia MO, Sousa JA, Miglino MA, Santos TC. Macroscopic and Microscopic Anatomy of the Oviduct in the Sexually Mature Rhea (Rhea americana). Anat Histol Embryol 2008; 37:169-76. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0264.2007.00822.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
12
|
Chousalkar KK, Roberts JR. Ultrastructural changes in the oviduct of the laying hen during the laying cycle. Cell Tissue Res 2008; 332:349-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00441-007-0567-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
13
|
Chousalkar KK, Roberts JR. Ultrastructural observations on effects of infectious bronchitis virus in eggshell-forming regions of the oviduct of the commercial laying hen. Poult Sci 2007; 86:1915-9. [PMID: 17704379 DOI: 10.1093/ps/86.9.1915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of 2 strains of infectious bronchitis virus (T and N1/88 strains) was studied in the eggshell-forming regions of the oviduct of commercial laying hens. There were no external shell deformities, except for paler shells. There was no decline in egg production in either of the infected groups. One hen from the N1/88-infected group and 2 hens from the T-infected group were out of lay. The light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopic changes in infected shell-forming regions of the oviduct were compared with the control oviducts at different egg positions. The ultrastructural finding revealed that the extent of cytopathology in the isthmus was greater than in the tubular shell gland and shell gland pouch. The T strain of infectious bronchitis virus was more pathogenic compared with the N1/88 strain. Severe cytopathology was recorded in the shell-forming region of hens that were out of production, and virus particles were observed in hens that had stopped laying. Virus particles were recorded in the dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi complex of the isthmus, tubular shell gland, and shell gland pouch of all 3 hens that had stopped laying. Although a decrease in egg production and deterioration in eggshell quality were not observed in this trial, cessation of egg production in a small number of hens could be due to severe cytopathology in the eggshell-forming regions of the oviduct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K K Chousalkar
- Animal Science, School of Rural Science and Agriculture, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, 2351, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Rueda-Cediel P, Kattan G, Ramírez-Pinilla MP. Ovarian and oviductal morphology of a brood parasitic bird, Molothrus bonariensis (Passeriformes, Icteridae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2007.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
15
|
Madekurozwa MC. Immunohistochemical localization of the progesterone and oestrogen receptors in the shell gland of sexually immature ostriches (Struthio camelus) with active or inactive ovaries. Res Vet Sci 2004; 76:63-8. [PMID: 14659731 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2003.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The immunohistochemical localization of progesterone and oestrogen receptors was studied in the shell gland of the immature ostrich (Struthio camelus) during periods of ovarian activity and inactivity. In birds with active ovaries moderate to strong immunostaining for the progesterone receptor was observed in the surface epithelium and tubular glands. In contrast faint progesterone receptor immunostaining was observed in the surface epithelium of the shell gland in ostriches with inactive ovaries. In addition, bud-like invaginations of the surface epithelium, which signaled tubular gland development, were negative for the progesterone receptor. Oestrogen receptor immunostaining, which was seen only in birds with active ovaries, was weak and restricted to nuclei of the surface epithelium. These results suggest that steroid hormones secreted by the active ovary regulate the differentiation of the shell gland. Furthermore, the influence of these hormones on the shell gland appears to be mediated predominantly through the activation of the progesterone receptor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M-C Madekurozwa
- Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, Pretoria, South Africa.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Fernandez MS, Escobar C, Lavelin I, Pines M, Arias JL. Localization of osteopontin in oviduct tissue and eggshell during different stages of the avian egg laying cycle. J Struct Biol 2003; 143:171-80. [PMID: 14572472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2003.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The avian eggshell is an acellular bioceramic containing organic and inorganic phases that are sequentially assembled during the time the egg moves along the oviduct. As it has been demonstrated in other mineralized tissues, mineralization of the eggshell is regulated by extracellular matrix proteins especially the anionic side chains of proteoglycans. Among them, osteopontin has been found in the avian eggshell and oviduct. However, its precise localization in the eggshell or in different oviduct regions during eggshell formation, nor its function have been established. By using anti-osteopontin antibody (OPN 1), we studied its immunolocalization in the isthmus, red isthmus and shell gland of the oviduct, and in the eggshell during formation. In the eggshell, osteopontin was localized in the core of the non-mineralized shell membrane fibers, in the base of the mammillae and in the outermost part of the palisade. In the oviduct, OPN 1 was localized in the ciliated epithelial but not in the tubular gland cells of the isthmus, in the ciliated epithelial cells of the red isthmus, and in the non-ciliated epithelial cells of the shell gland. The occurrence of osteopontin in each of the oviduct regions, coincided with the concomitant presence of the egg in such region. Considering the reported inhibitory function of osteopontin in other mineralized systems, together with its main occurrence in the non-mineralized parts of the eggshell and at the outermost part of the shell, suggests that this molecule could be part of the mechanism regulating the eggshell calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M S Fernandez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Materials (CIMAT), University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Soledad Fernandez M, Moya A, Lopez L, Arias JL. Secretion pattern, ultrastructural localization and function of extracellular matrix molecules involved in eggshell formation. Matrix Biol 2001; 19:793-803. [PMID: 11223339 DOI: 10.1016/s0945-053x(00)00128-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The chicken eggshell is a composite bioceramic containing organic and inorganic phases. The organic phase contains, among other constituents, type X collagen and proteoglycans (mammillan, a keratan sulfate proteoglycan, and ovoglycan, a dermatan sulfate proteoglycan), whose localization depends on a topographically defined and temporally regulated deposition. Although the distribution of these macromolecules in the eggshell has been well established, little is known about their precise localization within eggshell substructures and oviduct cells or their pattern of production and function during eggshell formation. By using immunofluorescent and immuno-ultrastructural analyses, we examined the distribution of these macromolecules in oviduct cells at different post-oviposition times. To understand the role of proteoglycan sulfation on eggshell formation, we studied the effects of inhibition of proteoglycan sulfation by treatment with sodium chlorate. We showed that these macromolecules are produced by particular oviduct cell populations and at precise post-oviposition times. Based on the precise ultrastructural localization of these macromolecules in eggshell substructures, the timing of the secretion of these macromolecules by oviduct cells and the effects on eggshell formation caused by the inhibition of proteoglycan sulfation, the putative role of mammillan is in the nucleation of the first calcite crystals, while that of ovoglycan is to regulate the growth and orientation of the later forming crystals of the chicken eggshell.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Soledad Fernandez
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Universidad de Chile and Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research in Materials (CIMA), Santiago, Chile.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Girling J, Guillette L, Cree A. Ultrastructure of the uterus in an ovariectomized gecko (Hemidactylus turcicus) after administration of exogenous estradiol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-010x(20000101)286:1<76::aid-jez7>3.0.co;2-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
19
|
Palmer BD, Demarco VG, Guillette LJ. Oviductal morphology and eggshell formation in the lizard,Sceloporus woodi. J Morphol 1993; 217:205-217. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1052170208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
20
|
Klandorf H, Blauwiekel R, Qin X, Russell RW. Characterization of a sustained-release estrogen implant on oviduct development and plasma Ca concentrations in broiler breeder chicks: modulation by feed restriction and thyroid state. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1992; 86:469-82. [PMID: 1398007 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(92)90072-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The effect of estradiol-17 beta (E2) given as a sustained-release implant (Compudose 200) on concentrations of plasma calcium (Ca) and the development of the chick shell gland has been investigated in food-restricted and thyroid hormone-treated 6- to 8-week-old broiler breeder pullets. Chicks implanted with 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0 Compudose pellets for 24 days (n = 6/group) revealed a dose-response relationship between plasma E2 and Ca and on oviduct growth. Plasma E2 concentrations were characterized by an initial burst phase for approximately 17 days, followed by a constant release phase. Histologic examination of shell gland tissue confirmed the dose related E2-induced development of microvilliated epithelium and tubular glands over time. Feed restriction initiated at 2 weeks of age markedly increased the response to the E2 implants. Birds (n = 8/group) implanted with 2 pellets and feed restricted had increased plasma concentrations of E2 and Ca, and increased growth of the oviduct (P less than 0.01) as compared to ad libitum implanted birds. In a separate study birds (n = 6/group) had restricted access to feed from 8 weeks of age and were implanted with 0, 2, 4, or 8 pellets. At intervals from 9 to 45 days after implantation one bird from each group was killed. Although concentrations of plasma Ca were significantly greater in feed-restricted birds (P less than 0.01), oviduct growth was only marginally increased by the food restriction program. Plasma Ca concentrations in broiler breeder pullets (n = 8/group) implanted with 1 or 3 pellets and injected with T3/T4 (100 micrograms/day) were significantly decreased (P less than 0.05). Injection of thyroid hormone also marginally decreased shell gland epithelial cell height (P less than 0.05) and development of microvilli (P less than 0.05). There was no effect of the administration of the goitrogen, propylthiouracil (10 micrograms/day im), on the E2 induced development of the shell gland.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Klandorf
- Division of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown 26506-6108
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Wasserman RH, Smith CA, Smith CM, Brindak ME, Fullmer CS, Krook L, Penniston JT, Kumar R. Immunohistochemical localization of a calcium pump and calbindin-D28k in the oviduct of the laying hen. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1991; 96:413-8. [PMID: 1660861 DOI: 10.1007/bf00315999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The localization of a plasma membrane calcium pump in the oviduct of the laying hen was investigated by immunohistochemical techniques, utilizing a monoclonal antibody (5F10) produced against the human erythrocyte calcium pump. This antibody was shown to react with an epitope of the pump in oviductal tissue, and prominent staining was observed on the microvilli of the tubular gland cells of the hen shell gland (uterus) and the isthmus. The Ca2+ pump was not detectable in the infundibulum or the magnum. Calbindin-D28k, also localized by immunohistochemical means, was observed to be present in the tubular gland cells of the shell gland and the distal isthmus (adjacent to shell gland) but not in either the proximal isthmus (adjacent to the magnum), the magnum or the infundibulum. The localization of the Ca2+ pump in the oviduct corresponds to known sites of mineral deposition during egg shell formation. The distribution of calbindin-D28k differed, co-localizing with the Ca2+ pump in the shell gland and distal isthmus but not in the proximal isthmus. This might reflect a greater rate of active Ca2+ secretion in the distal isthmus and shell gland as compared to the proximal isthmus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R H Wasserman
- Department of Physiology, New York State College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Palmer BD, Guillette LJ. Histology and functional morphology of the female reproductive tract of the tortoise Gopherus polyphemus. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1988; 183:200-11. [PMID: 3213826 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001830303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The oviducts of 25 tortoises (Gopherus polyphemus) were examined by using histology and scanning electron microscopy to determine oviductal functional morphology. Oviductal formation of albumen and eggshell was of particular interest. The oviduct is composed of 5 morphologically distinct regions; infundibulum, uterine tube, isthmus, uterus, and vagina. The epithelium consists of ciliated cells and microvillous secretory cells throughout the oviduct, whereas bleb secretory cells are unique to the infundibulum. The epithelium and endometrial glands of the uterine tube histologically resemble those of the avian magnum which produce egg albumen and may be functionally homologous. The isthmus is a short, nonglandular region of the oviduct and appears to contribute little to either albumen or eggshell formation. The uterus retains the eggs until oviposition and may form both the fibrous and calcareous eggshell. The endometrial glands are histologically similar to the endometrial glands of the isthmus of birds, which are known to secrete the fibers of the eggshell. These glands hypertrophy during vitellogenesis but become depleted during gravidity. The uterine epithelium may supply "plumping water" to the egg albumen as well as transport calcium ions for eggshell formation. The vagina is extremely muscular and serves as a sphincter to retain the eggs until oviposition. Sperm are found within the oviductal lumen and endometrial glands from the posterior tube to the anterior uterus throughout the reproductive cycle. This indicates sperm storage within the female tract, although the viability and reproductive significance of these sperm are unknown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B D Palmer
- Department of Zoology, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yamamoto T, Ozawa H, Nagai H. Histochemical studies of Ca-ATPase, succinate and NAD+-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenases in the shell gland of laying Japanese quails: with special reference to calcium-transporting cells. HISTOCHEMISTRY 1985; 83:221-6. [PMID: 2931410 DOI: 10.1007/bf00953987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the problem of which cells are involved in calcium transport and to estimate the role of mitochondria in calcium transport in the avian shell gland, the fine structure and the Ca-ATPase, succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+-ICDH) activity of the shell gland of egg-laying Japanese quails were examined. The surface epithelial cells, consisting of ciliated cells with cilia and microvilli and non-ciliated cells with microvilli, had many large and electron-dense granules. The tubular-gland cells occupied the proprial layer and lacked secretory granules. When an egg was in the shell gland, the well-developed mitochondria of tubular-gland cells characteristically tended to accumulate in the apical cytoplasm, while they were scattered throughout the cytoplasm when an egg was not in the shell gland. Intense Ca-ATPase activity was found on the microvilli of tubular-gland cells, and moderate activity was found on the lateral-cell surface. In the surface epithelial cells, the basolateral cell surface showed moderate enzymatic activity. Both SDH and NAD+-ICDH activity were found in tubular-gland cells when an egg was in the shell gland. These results strongly suggest that calcium for eggshell calcification is actively transported by the tubular-gland (depending on Ca-ATPase activity) and that the mitochondria of gland cells may play an important role in this process as an energy source.
Collapse
|
24
|
de Bruyn PP, Cho Y, Michelson S. In vivo endocytosis by bristle coated pits of protein tracers and their intracellular transport in the endothelial cells lining the sinuses of the liver. II. The endosomal-lysosomal transformation. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1983; 85:290-9. [PMID: 6144802 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(83)90040-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The events leading to lysosomal activity in the sinus endothelium of the rat liver have been studied by means of intravascularly injected ferritin at time intervals ranging from 0.5 min to 1 hr after administration. From 6 min on, the dense body-type lysosomes contain ferritin. There are direct luminal communications of transfer tubules with these lysosomes. In time, there is a marked progressive increase in the number of ferritin-containing dense body-type lysosomes. No formation of lysosomes de novo nor a direct fusion of endosomes with lysosomes has been observed. Endosomes, however, continue to be formed as endocytosis continues. These observations are interpreted as indicating a transport of hydrolytic enzymes by the transfer tubules to the newly formed ferritin containing endosomes, which in this way are transformed into ferritin containing lysosomes. The ferritin-containing lysosomes increase considerably in size by fusing with each other. Continued endocytosis of ferritin leads to an increase of ferritin density in the dense bodies. This increase in particle density cannot be explained solely on the basis of transport by luminal fusion of the endocytic organelles, but requires an active transport mechanism. Administration of low doses of ferritin shows that the bristle coated pits of the sinus endothelium have a high degree of in vivo affinity for protein and that this endothelium must be considered to be an avid catabolic endocytic system.
Collapse
|
25
|
Krause WJ, Cutts JH. Ultrastructural observations on the shell membrane of the North American opossum (Didelphis virginiana). Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1983; 207:335-8. [PMID: 6650866 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092070212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Each developing opossum embryo is surrounded by a shell membrane which completely separates embryonic and maternal tissues. During the eighth and ninth prenatal days, the embryos together with their limiting shell membranes float freely within the uterine lumen, surrounded only by the secretions of the uterus. The shell membrane is transparent, nonelastic, tough, and capable of extreme deformation. It consists of a mat of interwoven fibers which vary in external diameter, are electron dense, and show no apparent substructure. The morphology and arrangement of component fibers are similar throughout the width of the shell membrane.
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
|
28
|
Effect of administering two prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors (indomethacin and aspirin) on egg production in the domestic fowl (Gallus domesticus). Res Vet Sci 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)32339-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
29
|
Friedenbach DJ, Davison KL. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic changes associated with duck and chicken shell gland cilia after p,p'-DDT administration. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1977; 40:291-7. [PMID: 877962 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(77)90100-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
30
|
Abstract
Low temperature ultramicroincineration was employed to determine the morphological localization of "structure-bound" mineral and/or metallic elements within biological cells at the electron microscope level. This technique chemically removes organic material from thin sections of tissues with reactive, excited oxygen instead of heat as used in a furnace. The remaining ash representing the mineral/metallic ultrastructure of cells is advantageous for ultrastructural studies because incineration without applying heat is less destructive than the burning associated with high temperatures. This low temperature incineration method was applied to thin-sectioned avian shell gland mucosa, a calcium transporting system, as a sample tissue. The results include: recognition of many subcellular organelles in the ash patterns, identification of dense, ash-containing granules (possibly organic-metallic complexes) in epithelial cells which may be involved in calcium transport, description of ashed erythrocytes and collagen, comparison of ashed glutaraldehyde fixed tissue with and without osmium postfixation, description of lead-stained cells after ashing, demonstration that ash preservation is dependent upon section thickness, illustration of the fine resolution obtainable because the ash residues remain relatively near their in situ origins, discussion of technical problems in this relatively new field, and demonstration of the presence of Ca and P in the ash with electron microprobe X-ray analysis.
Collapse
|
31
|
Gay CV, Schraer H. Autoradiographic localization of calcium in the mucosal cells of the avian oviduct. CALCIFIED TISSUE RESEARCH 1971; 7:201-11. [PMID: 5568654 DOI: 10.1007/bf02062607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
|
32
|
Hoffer AP. The ultrastructure and cytochemistry of the shell membrane-secreting region of the Japanese quail oviduct. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ANATOMY 1971; 131:253-87. [PMID: 4327169 DOI: 10.1002/aja.1001310302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|
33
|
Solomon SE. The Characterisation and Distribution of Acidic Mucopolysaccharides in the Oviduct of the Domestic Fowl. Res Vet Sci 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0034-5288(18)34183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Kobayashi S. Acid mucopolysaccharides in calcified tissues. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CYTOLOGY 1971; 30:257-371. [PMID: 4332845 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)60049-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
|