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Daza JD, Stanley EL, Bolet A, Bauer AM, Arias JS, Čerňanský A, Bevitt JJ, Wagner P, Evans SE. Enigmatic amphibians in mid-Cretaceous amber were chameleon-like ballistic feeders. Science 2020; 370:687-691. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abb6005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan D. Daza
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Houston State University, Huntsville, TX, USA
| | - Edward L. Stanley
- Department of Herpetology, Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Arnau Bolet
- Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Aaron M. Bauer
- Department of Biology and Center for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Stewardship, Villanova University, Villanova, PA, USA
| | - J. Salvador Arias
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, CONICET - FML, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Andrej Čerňanský
- Department of Ecology, Laboratory of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Joseph J. Bevitt
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Philipp Wagner
- Department of Research and Conservation, Allwetterzoo Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Susan E. Evans
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
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UTERINE RUPTURE AND CESAREAN SURGERY IN THREE RIO CAUCA CAECILIANS (TYPHLONECTES NATANS). J Zoo Wildl Med 2017; 48:164-170. [PMID: 28363067 DOI: 10.1638/2016-0111.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A uterine rupture of unknown etiology during gestation causing the death in a Rio Cauca caecilian ( Typhlonectes natans ) and successful anesthesia using tricaine methanesulfonate and cesarean section in three occasions in two other specimens because of suspected dystocia are described. One of the surgeries was performed at an early stage of embryo development, thereby preventing the survival of the neonates.
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Muikham I, Srakaew N, Chatchavalvanich K, Chumnanpuen P. Microanatomy of the digestive system of Supachai's caecilian,Ichthyophis supachaiiTaylor, 1960 (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Itsares Muikham
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | - Nopparat Srakaew
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
| | | | - Pramote Chumnanpuen
- Department of Zoology; Faculty of Science; Kasetsart University; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
- Computational Biomodelling Laboratory for Agricultural Science and Technology (CBLAST); Kasetsart University; Bangkok 10900 Thailand
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Blackburn DG, Starck JM. Morphological specializations for fetal maintenance in viviparous vertebrates: An introduction and historical retrospective. J Morphol 2015; 276:E1-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Blackburn
- Department of Biology; and Electron Microscopy Center; Trinity College; Hartford Connecticut 06106
| | - J. Matthias Starck
- Department of Biology; University of Munich; D-82152 Planegg-Martinsried Germany
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Blackburn DG. Evolution of vertebrate viviparity and specializations for fetal nutrition: A quantitative and qualitative analysis. J Morphol 2014; 276:961-90. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel G. Blackburn
- Department of Biology and; Electron Microscopy Center, Trinity College; Hartford Connecticut 06106
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Wake MH. Fetal adaptations for viviparity in amphibians. J Morphol 2014; 276:941-60. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marvalee H. Wake
- Department of Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology; University of California; Berkeley California 94720-3140
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Kleinteich T. Ontogenetic differences in the feeding biomechanics of oviparous and viviparous caecilians (Lissamphibia: Gymnophiona). ZOOLOGY 2010; 113:283-94. [PMID: 20952171 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2010.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Revised: 04/24/2010] [Accepted: 05/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Caecilians have a unique dual jaw-closing system in that jaw closure is driven by the ancestral jaw-closing muscles (mm. levatores mandibulae) plus a secondarily recruited hyobranchial muscle (m. interhyoideus posterior). There is a variety of feeding habits (suction feeding, skin feeding, intrauterine scraping, and biting) during ontogeny that relate to reproductive modes in different caecilian species. This study examines the cranial biomechanics of caecilians in the suction-feeding larva of Ichthyophis cf. kohtaoensis, in the embryo and juvenile of the skin-feeding Boulengerula taitana, and in a newborn of the intrauterine feeder Typhlonectes natans. A lever arm model was applied to calculate effective mechanical advantages of jaw-closing muscles over gape angles and to predict total bite force in developing caecilians. In I. cf. kohtaoensis, Notable differences were found in the larval jaw-closing system compared to that of the adult. The suction-feeding larva of I. cf. kohtaoensis has comparatively large mm. levatores mandibulae that insert with an acute muscle fiber angle to the lower jaw and a m. interhyoideus posterior that has its optimal leverage at small gape angles. Conversely, the skin-feeding juvenile of B. taitana and the neonate T. natans are very similar in the feeding parameters considered herein compared to adult caecilians. Some ontogenetic variation in the feeding system of B. taitana before the onset of feeding was present. This study contributes to our understanding of the functional demands that feeding habits put on the development of cranial structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kleinteich
- Biozentrum Grindel, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany.
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9
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Pérez OD, Lai NB, Buckley D, del Pino EM, Wake MH. The morphology of prehatching embryos ofCaecilia orientalis(Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Caeciliidae). J Morphol 2009; 270:1492-502. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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LESSA ENRIQUEP, WAKE MARVALEEH. Morphometric analysis of the skull of Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Zool J Linn Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1992.tb01237.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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BEMIS WE, SCHWENK K, WAKE MH. Morphology and function of the feeding apparatus in Dermophis mexicanus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Zool J Linn Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1983.tb01722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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12
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GARDNER JAMESD. Monophyly and affinities of albanerpetontid amphibians (Temnospondyli; Lissamphibia). Zool J Linn Soc 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2001.tb02240.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fastnacht M. Tooth replacement pattern of Coloborhynchus robustus (Pterosauria) from the Lower Cretaceous of Brazil. J Morphol 2008; 269:332-48. [PMID: 17960804 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The well preserved anterior upper and lower jaw fragment of an adult specimen of Coloborhynchus robustus (Pterosauria: Ornithocheiridae), SMNK 2302 PAL, allowed investigations of the replacement pattern of the dentition macroscopically and by using CT scans. The quantification of the dentition by Zahnreihen, Z-Spacing, and replacement waves indicates a complex pattern of different replacement stages in which large gaps within the dentition were avoided. The specialized prey-catching apparatus of Coloborhynchus thus could retain its function even following tooth replacement. The replacement process in the specimen took about 2/3 of the total life-time of a tooth, and damaged teeth in the anterior jaw region may have been replaced more rapidly than posterior teeth. The distolingual replacement of the functional teeth delayed the time of their shedding in comparison with the circular resorption present in crocodiles. In contrast to these, the distolingual position of the replacement tooth did not decrease the biomechanical stability of the functional tooth, which can also be observed as a convergence in other thecodont dentitions, e.g., recent carnivore mammals. Teeth were shed when their replacement had reached about 60% of the full-grown height. A comparison of the observed pattern is constricted by the preservation and preparation of other specimens. Unfortunately, no known specimen in public collections reaches the quality of Coloborhynchus robustus, SMNK 2302 PAL, so that comparable patterns in other specimens are not likely to be detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Fastnacht
- Forschungsinstitut und Naturmuseum Senckenberg, Senckenberganlage 25, D-60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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Davit-Béal T, Chisaka H, Delgado S, Sire JY. Amphibian teeth: current knowledge, unanswered questions, and some directions for future research. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2007; 82:49-81. [PMID: 17313524 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-185x.2006.00003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Elucidation of the mechanisms controlling early development and organogenesis is currently progressing in several model species and a new field of research, evolutionary developmental biology, which integrates developmental and comparative approaches, has emerged. Although the expression pattern of many genes during tooth development in mammals is known, data on other lineages are virtually non-existent. Comparison of tooth development, and particularly of gene expression (and function) during tooth morphogenesis and differentiation, in representative species of various vertebrate lineages is a prerequisite to understand what makes one tooth different from another. Amphibians appear to be good candidates for such research for several reasons: tooth structure is similar to that in mammals, teeth are renewed continuously during life (=polyphyodonty), some species are easy to breed in the laboratory, and a large amount of morphological data are already available on diverse aspects of tooth biology in various species. The aim of this review is to evaluate current knowledge on amphibian teeth, principally concerning tooth development and replacement (including resorption), and changes in morphology and structure during ontogeny and metamorphosis. Throughout this review we highlight important questions which remain to be answered and that could be addressed using comparative morphological studies and molecular techniques. We illustrate several aspects of amphibian tooth biology using data obtained for the caudate Pleurodeles waltl. This salamander has been used extensively in experimental embryology research during the past century and appears to be one of the most favourable amphibian species to use as a model in studies of tooth development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiphaine Davit-Béal
- UMR 7138-Systématique, Adaptation, Evolution, Université Pierre & Marie Curie-Paris 6 Case 7077, 7 Quai St-Bernard, Paris 75005, France
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Davit-Béal T, Allizard F, Sire JY. Enameloid/enamel transition through successive tooth replacements in Pleurodeles waltl (Lissamphibia, Caudata). Cell Tissue Res 2006; 328:167-83. [PMID: 17180599 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-006-0306-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Study of the evolutionary enameloid/enamel transition suffers from discontinuous data in the fossil record, although a developmental enameloid/enamel transition exists in living caudates, salamanders and newts. The timing and manner in which the enameloid/enamel transition is achieved during caudate ontogeny is of great interest, because the caudate situation could reflect events that have occurred during evolution. Using light and transmission electron microscopy, we have monitored the formation of the upper tooth region in six successive teeth of a tooth family (position I) in Pleurodeles waltl from late embryos to young adult. Enameloid has only been identified in embryonic tooth I(1) and in larval teeth I(2) and I(3). A thin layer of enamel is deposited later by ameloblasts on the enameloid surface of these teeth. From post-metamorphic juvenile onwards, teeth are covered with enamel only. The collagen-rich enameloid matrix is deposited by odontoblasts, which subsequently form dentin. Enameloid, like enamel, mineralizes and then matures but ameloblast participation in enameloid matrix deposition has not been established. From tooth I(1) to tooth I(3), the enameloid matrix becomes ever more dense and increasingly comes to resemble the dentin matrix, although it is still subjected to maturation. Our data suggest the absence of an enameloid/enamel transition and, instead, the occurrence of an enameloid/dentin transition, which seems to result from a progressive slowing down of odontoblast activity. As a consequence, the ameloblasts in post-metamorphic teeth appear to synthesize the enamel matrix earlier than in larval teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Davit-Béal
- Equipe Evolution and Développement du Squelette, UMR 7138, Systématique, Adaptations, Evolution, UPMC-CNRS-MNHN-IRD, Université Paris 6, Paris Cedex 05, France
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Bemis WE, Giuliano A, McGuire B. Structure, attachment, replacement and growth of teeth in bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix (), a teleost with deeply socketed teeth. ZOOLOGY 2005; 108:317-27. [PMID: 16351980 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2005.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 09/26/2005] [Accepted: 09/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Tooth replacement poses many questions about development, pattern formation, tooth attachment mechanisms, functional morphology and the evolution of vertebrate dentitions. Although most vertebrate species have polyphyodont dentitions, detailed knowledge of tooth structure and replacement is poor for most groups, particularly actinopterygians. We examined the oral dentition of the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix, a pelagic and coastal marine predator, using a sample of 50 individuals. The oral teeth are located on the dentary and premaxillary bones, and we scored each tooth locus in the dentary and premaxillary bones using a four-part functional classification: absent (A), incoming (I), functional (F=fully ankylosed) or eroding (E). The homodont oral teeth of Pomatomus are sharp, deeply socketed and firmly ankylosed to the bone of attachment. Replacement is intraosseus and occurs in alternate tooth loci with long waves of replacement passing from rear to front. The much higher percentage of functional as opposed to eroding teeth suggests that replacement rates are low but that individual teeth are quickly lost once erosion begins. Tooth number increases ontogenetically, ranging from 15-31 dentary teeth and 15-39 premaxillary teeth in the sample studied. Teeth increase in size with every replacement cycle. Remodeling of the attachment bone occurs continuously to accommodate growth. New tooth germs originate from a discontinuous dental lamina and migrate from the lingual (dentary) or labial (premaxillary) epithelium through pores in the bone of attachment into the resorption spaces beneath the existing teeth. Pomatomus shares unique aspects of tooth replacement with barracudas and other scombroids and this supports the interpretation that Pomatomus is more closely related to scombroids than to carangoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- William E Bemis
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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A remarkable young Scolecomorphus vittatus (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Scolecomorphidae) from the North Pare Mountains, Tanzania. J Zool (1987) 2003. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952836902003060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Sire JY, Davit-Beal T, Delgado S, Van Der Heyden C, Huysseune A. First-generation teeth in nonmammalian lineages: evidence for a conserved ancestral character? Microsc Res Tech 2002; 59:408-34. [PMID: 12430169 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.10220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the main characteristics of first-generation teeth (i.e., the first teeth of the dentition to develop in a given position and to become functional) in representatives of the major lineages of nonmammalian vertebrates (chondrichthyans, actinopterygians, and sarcopterygians: dipnoans, urodeles, squamates, and crocodiles). Comparative investigations on the LM and TEM level reveal the existence of two major types of first-generation teeth. One type (generalized Type 1) is characterized by its small size, conical shape, atubular dentine, and small pulp cavity without capillaries and blood vessels. This type is found in actinopterygians, dipnoans, and urodeles and coincides with the occurrence of short embryonic periods in these species. The other type assembles a variety of first-generation teeth, which have in common that they represent miniature versions of adult teeth. They are generally larger than the first type, have more complex shapes, tubular dentine, and a large pulp cavity containing blood vessels. These teeth are found in chondrichtyans, squamates, and crocodiles, taxa which all share an extended embryonic period. The presence in certain taxa of a particular type of first-generation teeth is neither linked to their phylogenetic relationships nor to adult body size or tooth structure, but relates to the duration of embryonic development. Given that the plesiomorphic state in vertebrates is a short embryonic development, we consider the generalized Type 1 first-generation tooth to represent an ancestral character for gnathostomes. We hypothesize that an extended embryonic development leads to the suppression of tooth generations in the development of dentition. These may still be present in the form of rudimentary germs in the embryonic period. In our view, this generalized Type 1 first-generation teeth has been conserved through evolution because it represents a very economic and efficient way of building small and simple teeth adapted to larval life. The highly adapted adult dentition characteristic for each lineage has been possible only through polyphyodonty.
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Jared C, Navas C, Toledo R. An appreciation of the physiology and morphology of the Caecilians (Amphibia: Gymnophiona). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(99)00076-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Beneski JT, Larsen JH. Interspecific, ontogenetic, and life history variation in the tooth morphology of mole salamanders (Amphibia, Urodela, and Ambystomatidae). J Morphol 1989; 199:53-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051990106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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The inner ear of gymnophione amphibians and its nerve supply: A comparative study of regressive events in a complex sensory system (Amphibia, Gymnophiona). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00312221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Takahama H, Sasaki F, Watanabe K. Morphological changes in the oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane in urodelan embryos: development of the mouth opening. J Morphol 1988; 195:59-69. [PMID: 3339635 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051950106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of the oral (buccopharyngeal) membrane in the embryo of the urodelan, Hynobius tokyoensis, was examined by transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The oral membrane consists of the stomodeal ectoderm and foregut endoderm, and is three to five cell layers thick at stage 24. The oral membrane gradually thickens as development proceeds. The stomodeal collar, derived from the ectoderm, is folded inward along the foregut endoderm. Tooth germs are formed partly by cells of the stomodeal collar and partly by mesenchymal cells and calcification takes place before hatching. Secretory granules, which are markers of epithelial differentiation, appear in some cells of the foregut endoderm. Within the oral membrane, the cells of the stomodeal collar become the basal cells, and the endodermal cells of the foregut become the apical cells of the future oral epithelium. Gaps are formed by the epithelial differentiation of the endodermal cells of the foregut in the oral membrane. The gaps connect with each other, with the stomodeum, and with the foregut. As a result of these events, the mouth opens at stage 43, just after hatching.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Takahama
- Department of Biology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama, Japan
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Wake MH. The morphology ofIdiocranium russeli (amphibia: Gymnophiona), with comments on miniaturization through heterochrony. J Morphol 1986; 189:1-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051890102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Wake MH, Hanken J. Development of the skull ofDermophis mexicanus (amphibia: Gymnophiona), with comments on skull kinesis and amphibian relationships. J Morphol 1982; 173:203-223. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.1051730208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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