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Li N, Rao W, Dai S, Iqbal MS, Shi H, Ding L, Hong M. Seasonal spermatogenesis in the red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans): The roles of GnRH, actin cytoskeleton, and MAPK. Anim Reprod Sci 2023; 253:107253. [PMID: 37224664 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2023.107253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is the key to the ecological invasion of alien species. As an invasive species, the characteristic and regularity of red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans) spermatogenesis is an index for evaluating reproduction and ecological adaptation. Here, we investigated the characteristics of spermatogenesis i.e., the gonadosomatic index (GSI), plasma reproductive hormone levels, and the histological structure of testes by HE and TUNEL staining, and then RNA-Seq in T. s. elegans. The histomorphological evidence confirmed that seasonal spermatogenesis in T. s. elegans has four successive phases: quiescence (December-May of the following year), early-stage (June-July), mid-stage (August-September), and late-stage (October-November). In contrast to 17β-estradiol, testosterone levels were higher during quiescence (breeding season) compared to mid-stage (non-breeding season). Based on RNA-seq transcriptional analysis, gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways were used to analyze the testis in the quiescent and mid-stage. Our study found that circannual spermatogenesis is regulated by interactive networks including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, and MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, the number of genes associated with proliferation and differentiation (srf, nr4a1), cell cycle (ppard, ccnb2), and apoptosis (xiap) were up-regulated in the mid-stage. With the maximum energy saving, this seasonal pattern of T. s. elegans determines optimal reproductive success and thus adapts better to the environment. These results provide the basis for the invasion mechanism of T. s. elegans and lay the foundation for deeper insight into the molecular mechanism of seasonal spermatogenesis in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Wenzhuo Rao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Shiyu Dai
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Muhammad Shahid Iqbal
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Haitao Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
| | - Li Ding
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
| | - Meiling Hong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China.
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da Silveira Firmiano EM, Machado‐Santos C, Ribeiro Ricardo Brito A, Sousa BM, Lima Pinheiro N, das Neves Cardoso N, Alves do Nascimento A. Histological study and immunohistochemical location of cytoskeletal proteins in the testis and epididymis of the three species of lizards of the family Leiosauridae (Reptilia: Squamata). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enely Maris da Silveira Firmiano
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro‐UFRRJ Seropédica Brazil
| | - Clarice Machado‐Santos
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Histology and Compared Embryology (LEPHEC) Federal Fluminense University Niterói Brazil
| | - Amanda Ribeiro Ricardo Brito
- Laboratory of Teaching and Research in Histology and Compared Embryology (LEPHEC) Federal Fluminense University Niterói Brazil
| | - Bernadete Maria Sousa
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora‐UFJF University Campus noc number Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Nadja Lima Pinheiro
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro‐UFRRJ Seropédica Brazil
| | - Nathália das Neves Cardoso
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro‐UFRRJ Seropédica Brazil
| | - Aparecida Alves do Nascimento
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biology, Institute of Biological and Health Sciences Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro‐UFRRJ Seropédica Brazil
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Johnston SD, Lever J, McLeod R, Qualischefski E, Madrigal-Valverde M, Nixon B. Assisted breeding technology in the saltwater crocodile Crocodylus porosus: a review and look to the future. Reprod Fertil Dev 2021; 33:503-518. [PMID: 33581743 DOI: 10.1071/rd20217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
This review reports the current status of artificial breeding technology in the Crocodylia and the future requirements for the establishment of AI in the saltwater crocodile. Although there are challenges regarding safe restraint and immobilisation, semen collection of the saltwater crocodile by manual stimulation has proven effective in yielding sufficient volume and sperm concentrations for empirical and molecular analyses of sperm preservation and physiology. Nevertheless, there is still much to learn with respect to fundamental anatomy, physiology and behaviour in both sexes, but particularly in the female. Although lessons can be learned from successful AI in the alligator, the details of this research are not readily accessible. Future research needs to focus on the proximate factors of seasonality and the underlying control of the female's annual reproductive cycle; this will require novel and innovative ways to collect blood samples without causing stress or injury, and ideally a dedicated crocodile research breeding colony. Because the saltwater crocodile is a farmed species, there is likely to be sufficient impetus for the application of assisted breeding technology to drive future productivity in the industry. These developments will also have benefits for the genetic and reproductive management of endangered captive populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen D Johnston
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia; and Corresponding author
| | - John Lever
- Koorana Crocodile Farm, Coowonga, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Robby McLeod
- Koorana Crocodile Farm, Coowonga, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Edward Qualischefski
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton, Qld 4343, Australia; and Ecosystem Health Unit, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, 1920 Coffey Road, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Monica Madrigal-Valverde
- Costa Rica Institute of Technology, School of Agronomy, San Carlos Campus, 223-21001, Alajuela, Costa Rica; and Animal Science Department, University of Costa Rica, Campus Rodrigo Facio, 1501-2060, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; and Hunter Medical Research Institute, Pregnancy and Reproduction Program, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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Martínez-Juárez A, López-Luna MA, Porras-Gómez TJ, Moreno-Mendoza N. Expression of theSox9,Foxl2,Vasa, andTRPV4genes in the ovaries and testes of the Morelet's crocodile,Crocodylus moreletii. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2018; 330:148-164. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Martínez-Juárez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; UNAM; Mexico Mexico
| | - Marco A. López-Luna
- División Académica de Ciencias Biológicas; Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco; Villahermosa Tabasco; Mexico Mexico
| | - Tania J. Porras-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; UNAM; Mexico Mexico
| | - Norma Moreno-Mendoza
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Fisiología; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas; UNAM; Mexico Mexico
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Hao SL, Zhang YP. Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the Chinese water snake, Myrrophis ( Enhydris) chinensis (Reptilia: Homalopsidae). THE EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2018.1506515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S.-L. Hao
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
- The Sperm Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Y.-P. Zhang
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, China
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Ultrastructural analysis of the mature spermatozoon in the copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix (Linnaeus, 1766). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00435-017-0353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gribbins KM, Freeborn LR, Sever DM. Ultrastructure of spermatid development within the testis of the Yellow-Bellied Sea Snake, Pelamis platurus (Squamata: Elapidae). SPERMATOGENESIS 2017; 6:e1261666. [PMID: 28144497 DOI: 10.1080/21565562.2016.1261666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about spermatid development during spermiogenesis in snakes, as there is only one complete study in ophidians, which details the spermatid ultrastructure within the viperid, Agkistrodon piscivorus. Thus, the following study will add to our understanding of the ontogenic steps of spermiogenesis in snakes by examining spermatid maturation in the elapid, Pelamis platurus, which were collected in Costa Rica in 2009. The spermatids of P. platurus share many similar ultrastructural characteristics to that described for other squamates during spermiogenesis. Three notable differences between the spermatids of P. platurus and those of other snakes is a round and shorter epinuclear lucent zone, enlarged caudal nuclear shoulders, and more prominent 3 and 8 peripheral fibers in the principal and endpieces. Also, the midpiece is much longer in P. platurus and is similar to that reported for all snakes studied to date. Other features of chromatin condensation and morphology of the acrosome complex are similar to what has been observed in A. piscivorus and other squamates. Though the spermatids in P. platurus appear to be quite similar to other snakes and lizards studied to date, some differences in subcellular details are still observed. Analysis of developing spermatids in P. platurus and other snakes could reveals morphologically conserved traits between different species along with subtle changes that could help determine phylogenetic relationships once a suitable number of species have been examined for ophidians and other squamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Gribbins
- Department of Biology, University of Indianapolis , Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Layla R Freeborn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - David M Sever
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University , Hammond, LA, USA
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Rheubert JL, Sever DM, Siegel DS, Gribbins KM. Ultrastructural analysis of spermiogenesis in the Eastern Fence Lizard, Sceloporus undulatus (Squamata: Phrynosomatidae). Micron 2016; 81:16-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Al-Dokhi O, Ahmed M, Al-Dosary A, Al-Sadoon MK. Ultrastructural study of spermiogenesis in a rare desert amphisbaenian Diplometopon zarudnyi. C R Biol 2013; 336:473-8. [PMID: 24246888 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2013.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Revised: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Spermiogenesis, in particular the head differentiation of Diplometopon zarudnyi, was studied at the ultrastructural level by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). The process includes acrosomal vesicle development, nuclear elongation, chromatin condensation and exclusion of excess cytoplasm. In stage I, the proacrosomal vesicle occurs next to a shallow fossa of the nucleus, and a dense acrosomal granule forms beneath it. This step commences with an acrosome vesicle forming from Golgi transport vesicles; simultaneously, the nucleus begins to move eccentrically. In stage II, the round proacrosomal vesicle is flattened by projection of the nuclear fossa, and the dense acrosomal granule diffuses into the vesicle as the fibrous layer forms the subacrosomal cone. Circular manchettes surrounded by mitochondria develop around the nucleus, and the chromatin coagulates into small granules. The movement of the nucleus causes rearrangement of the cytoplasm. The nucleus has uniform diffuse chromatin with small indices of heterochromatin. The subacrosome space develops early, enlarges during elongation, and accumulates a thick layer of dark staining granules. In stage III, the front of the elongating nucleus protrudes out of the spermatid and is covered by the flat acrosome; coarse granules replace the small ones within the nucleus. One endonuclear canal is present where the perforatorium resides. In stage IV, the chromatin concentrates to dense homogeneous phase. The circular manchette is reorganized longitudinally. The Sertoli process covers the acrosome and the residues of the cytoplasmic lobes are removed. In stage V, the sperm head matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Othman Al-Dokhi
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, PO Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Rheubert J, Touzinsky K, Hernández-Gallegos O, Granados-González G, Gribbins K. Ontogenic development of spermatids during spermiogenesis in the high altitude bunchgrass lizard (Sceloporus bicanthalis). SPERMATOGENESIS 2012; 2:94-103. [PMID: 22670219 PMCID: PMC3364797 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.20410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The body of ultrastructural data on spermatid characters during spermiogenesis continues to grow in reptiles, but is still relatively limited within the squamates. This study focuses on the ontogenic events of spermiogenesis within a viviparous and continually spermatogenic lizard, from high altitude in Mexico. Between the months of June and August, testicular tissues were collected from eight spermatogenically active bunchgrass lizards (Sceloporus bicanthalis) from Nevado de Toluca, México. The testicular tissues were processed for transmission electron microscopy and analyzed to access the ultrastructural differences between spermatid generations during spermiogenesis. Interestingly, few differences exist between S. bicanthalis spermiogenesis when compared with what has been described for other saurian squamates. Degrading and coiling membrane structures similar to myelin figures were visible within the developing acrosome that are likely remnants from Golgi body vesicles. During spermiogenesis, an electron lucent area between the subacrosomal space and the acrosomal medulla was observed, which has been observed in other squamates but not accurately described. Thus, we elect to term this region the acrosomal lucent ridge. This study furthers the existing knowledge of spermatid development in squamates, which could be useful in future work on the reproductive systems in high altitude viviparous lizard species.
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Muto K, Kubota HY. Ultrastructural analysis of spermiogenesis in Rhacophorus arboreus (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae). J Morphol 2011; 272:1422-34. [PMID: 21780156 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2011] [Revised: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 05/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The spermatozoa of the Japanese green tree frog, Rhacophorus arboreus (Amphibia, Anura, Rhacophoridae), have a characteristic corkscrew-shaped head and a thick tail that extends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the head. We examined the process of spermatogenesis in Rh. arboreus, particularly spermiogenesis, using light and transmission electron microscopy. Spermiogenesis was categorized into the early, mid, and late stages based on the spermatid morphology and their location within the cyst. Early spermatids had a round nucleus and two independent flagella that elongated from a pair of parallel centrioles. The centrioles became embedded in centriolar adjunct material and attached to the nucleus. Then, the flagella were covered with a mantle-like cytoplasm that contained many microtubules. An acrosome appeared on the pointed side of the slightly elongated nucleus. Mid spermatids had an elongated rod-like head. As the nucleus elongated, the chromatin fibers became thicker and were arranged parallel to the elongation axis. An elongated acrosome was attached helically along the lateral side of the elongated nucleus. The biflagellate spermatids transformed into monoflagellate spermatids with two axonemes through a process in which the plasma membrane of each flagellum expanded. Late spermatids had a coiled or corkscrew-shaped head. An acrosome was located on the inside of the coiled cone composed of a nucleus. Parallel microtubules were connected in rows, and then became crystallized in the tail. The present report contains the first morphological description of spermatogenesis in Rhacophorus and suggests that spermiogenesis evolved to adapt to the fertilization environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Muto
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 6068502, Japan
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Gribbins KM. Reptilian spermatogenesis: A histological and ultrastructural perspective. SPERMATOGENESIS 2011; 1:250-269. [PMID: 22319673 PMCID: PMC3271667 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.1.3.18092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, the histology and ultrastructural events of spermatogenesis in reptiles were relatively unknown. Most of the available morphological information focuses on specific stages of spermatogenesis, spermiogenesis, and/or of the mature spermatozoa. No study to date has provided complete ultrastructural information on the early events of spermatogenesis, proliferation and meiosis in class Reptilia. Furthermore, no comprehensive data set exists that describes the ultrastructure of the entire ontogenic progression of germ cells through the phases of reptilian spermatogenesis (mitosis, meiosis and spermiogenesis). The purpose of this review is to provide an ultrastructural and histological atlas of spermatogenesis in reptiles. The morphological details provided here are the first of their kind and can hopefully provide histological information on spermatogenesis that can be compared to that already known for anamniotes (fish and amphibians), birds and mammals. The data supplied in this review will provide a basic model that can be utilized for the study of sperm development in other reptiles. The use of such an atlas will hopefully stimulate more interest in collecting histological and ultrastructural data sets on spermatogenesis that may play important roles in future nontraditional phylogenetic analyses and histopathological studies in reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin M Gribbins
- Department of Biology; Wittenberg University; Springfield, OH USA
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Gribbins KM, Touzinsky KF, Siegel DS, Venable KJ, Hester GL, Elsey RM. Ultrastructure of the spermatozoon of the American Alligator, Alligator mississippiensis (Reptilia: Alligatoridae). J Morphol 2011; 272:1281-9. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 03/04/2011] [Accepted: 03/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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