1
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Carrasco PA, Prystupczuk L, Koch C, González GA, Leynaud GC, Grazziotin FG. Patterns of morphological variation and ecological correlates in the skull of vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae). J Morphol 2023; 284:e21617. [PMID: 37458083 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The skull of vipers is a highly kinetic anatomical structure involved in envenomating and consuming of prey. Morphological knowledge about the viperid skull is based on studies on some groups of species, but information on its variation within the whole family and its functional morphology is still scarce. In this study, we aimed to explore variation in skull morphology among species of the three subfamilies of Viperidae, and test whether that variation correlates with macrohabitat and diet. We performed quantitative analyses of the viperid skull based on broad taxonomic sampling and two methodological approaches: linear and geometric morphometrics. The results of both approaches showed that much of the variation lies in differences of shape and relative size of the premaxilla, the nasals, the frontals, and the parietals. The results indicated that phylogeny and size influence the shape of the skull, but we also found evidence of morphological differentiation between arboreal and terrestrial species and in species with mammal specialist diet. Our findings imply that, besides evolutionary allometry and phylogenetic signal, demands of particular diets coupled with use of certain habitats have in part shaped morphological evolution of the viperid skull.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola A Carrasco
- Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (IDEA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lilen Prystupczuk
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (IDEA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Claudia Koch
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Museum Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Germán A González
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (IDEA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Gerardo C Leynaud
- Centro de Zoología Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
- Instituto de Diversidad y Ecología Animal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, (IDEA-CONICET), Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Felipe G Grazziotin
- Laboratório de Coleções Zoológicas, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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2
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Pintore R, Cornette R, Houssaye A, Allain R. Femora from an exceptionally large population of coeval ornithomimosaurs yield evidence of sexual dimorphism in extinct theropod dinosaurs. eLife 2023; 12:83413. [PMID: 37309177 DOI: 10.7554/elife.83413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism is challenging to detect among fossils due to a lack of statistical representativeness. The Angeac-Charente Lagerstätte (France) represents a remarkable 'snapshot' from a Berriasian (Early Cretaceous) ecosystem and offers a unique opportunity to study intraspecific variation among a herd of at least 61 coeval ornithomimosaurs. Herein, we investigated the hindlimb variation across the best-preserved specimens from the herd through 3D Geometric Morphometrics and Gaussian Mixture Modeling. Our results based on complete and fragmented femora evidenced a dimorphism characterized by variations in the shaft curvature and the distal epiphysis width. Since the same features vary between sexes among modern avian dinosaurs, crocodilians, and more distant amniotes, we attributed this bimodal variation to sexual dimorphism based on the extant phylogenetic bracketing approach. Documenting sexual dimorphism in fossil dinosaurs allows a better characterization and accounting of intraspecific variations, which is particularly relevant to address ongoing taxonomical and ecological questions relative to dinosaur evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Pintore
- UMR 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Évolution (MECADEV), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
- Structure and Motion Laboratory, Department of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, United Kingdom
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- UMR 7205, Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, UA, Paris, France, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Houssaye
- UMR 7179, Mécanismes Adaptatifs et Évolution (MECADEV), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Ronan Allain
- UMR 7207, Centre de Recherche en Paléontologie - Paris (CR2P), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
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3
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Hedrick BP. Dots on a screen: The past, present, and future of morphometrics in the study of nonavian dinosaurs. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2023. [PMID: 36922704 DOI: 10.1002/ar.25183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
Using morphometrics to study nonavian dinosaur fossils is a practice that predates the origin of the word "dinosaur." By the 1970s, linear morphometrics had become established as a valuable tool for analyzing intra- and interspecific variation in nonavian dinosaurs. With the advent of more recent techniques such as geometric morphometrics and more advanced statistical approaches, morphometric analyses of nonavian dinosaurs have proliferated, granting unprecedented insight into many aspects of their biology and evolution. I outline the past, present, and future of morphometrics as applied to the study of nonavian dinosaurs zeroing in on five aspects of nonavian dinosaur paleobiology where morphometrics has been widely utilized to advance our knowledge: systematics, sexual dimorphism, locomotion, macroevolution, and trackways. Morphometric methods are especially susceptible to taphonomic distortion. As such, the impact of taphonomic distortion on original fossil shape is discussed as are current and future methods for quantifying and accounting for distortion with the goal of reducing the taphonomic noise to biological signal ratio. Finally, the future of morphometrics in nonavian dinosaur paleobiology is discussed as paleobiologists move into a "virtual paleobiology" framework, whereby digital renditions of fossils are captured via methods such as photogrammetry and computed tomography. These primary data form the basis for three-dimensional (3D) geometric morphometric analyses along with a slew of other forms of analyses. These 3D specimen data form part of the extended specimen and help to democratize paleobiology, unlocking the specimen from the physical museum and making the specimen available to researchers across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon P Hedrick
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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4
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Quitzau M, Frelat R, Bonhomme V, Möllmann C, Nagelkerke L, Bejarano S. Traits, landmarks and outlines: Three congruent sides of a tale on coral reef fish morphology. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e8787. [PMID: 35475185 PMCID: PMC9021933 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marita Quitzau
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Romain Frelat
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Bonhomme
- UMR 5554 Institut des Sciences de l’Evolution, équipe Dynamique de la biodiversité Anthropo‐écologie Université de Montpellier CNRS IRD Montpellier Cedex 05 France
| | - Christian Möllmann
- Centre for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN) Institute of Marine Ecosystem and Fishery Science University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany
| | - Leopold Nagelkerke
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Group Wageningen Institute of Animal Sciences Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Sonia Bejarano
- Reef Systems Research Group Ecology Department Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research Bremen Germany
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5
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Rainha RN, Martinez PA, Moraes LJCL, Castro KMSA, Réjaud A, Fouquet A, Leite RN, Rodrigues MT, Werneck FP. Subtle environmental variation affects phenotypic differentiation of shallow divergent treefrog lineages in Amazonia. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Amazonia harbours a vast biotic and ecological diversity, enabling investigation of the effects of microevolutionary processes and environmental variation on species diversification. Integrative approaches combining phenotypic and genetic variation can improve our knowledge on diversification processes in megadiverse regions. Here, we investigate the influence of environmental and geographic variation on the genetic and morphological differentiation in the Amazonian Boana calcarata-fasciata (Anura: Hylidae) species complex. We analysed the variation of one mtDNA gene from individuals of different forest environments, and assessed their phylogenetic relationships and species limits to define the lineages to perform a phenotypic-environmental approach. We collected morphological data (head shape and size) using 3D models and investigated the phylogenetic signal, evolutionary model and influence of environmental variables on morphology. We verified associations between environmental and geographical distances with morphological and genetic variation using distance-based redundancy analyses and Mantel tests. We found an even higher cryptic diversity than already recognized within the species complex. Body size and head shape varied among specimens, but did not present phylogenetic signal, diverging under a selective evolutionary model. Our results show that diverse factors have influenced morphological and genetic variation, but environmental conditions such as vegetation cover, precipitation and climate change velocity influenced morphological diversification. Possible population-level mechanisms such as parallel morphological evolution or plastic responses to similar environments could account for such patterns in these typical Amazonian treefrogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raíssa N Rainha
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Pablo A Martinez
- Laboratorio de Pesquisas Integrativas em Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Leandro J C L Moraes
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Kathleen M S A Castro
- Laboratorio de Pesquisas Integrativas em Biodiversidade, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Sergipe, Avenida Marechal Rondon, Aracaju, Sergipe, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Réjaud
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Fouquet
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, UMR5174, Université Paul Sabatier, Bâtiment, CNRS, IRD, Toulouse, France
| | - Rafael N Leite
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Miguel T Rodrigues
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências, Rua do Matão, travessa, nº. São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda P Werneck
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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6
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Taverne M, Dutel H, Fagan M, Štambuk A, Lisičić D, Tadić Z, Fabre AC, Herrel A. From micro to macroevolution: drivers of shape variation in an island radiation of Podarcis lizards. Evolution 2021; 75:2685-2707. [PMID: 34382693 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypictraits have been shown to evolve in response to variation in the environment. However, the evolutionary processes underlying the emergence of phenotypic diversity can typically only be understood at the population level. Consequently, how subtle phenotypic differences at the intraspecific level can give rise to larger-scale changes in performance and ecology remains poorly understood. We here tested for the covariation between ecology, bite force, jaw muscle architecture, and the three-dimensional shape of the cranium and mandible in 16 insular populations of the lizards Podarcis melisellensis and P. sicula. We then compared the patterns observed at the among-population level with those observed at the interspecific level. We found that three-dimensional head shape as well as jaw musculature evolve similarly under similar ecological circumstances. Depending on the type of food consumed or on the level of sexual competition, different muscle groups were more developed and appeared to underlie changes in cranium and mandible shape. Our findings show that the local selective regimes are primary drivers of phenotypic variation resulting in predictable patterns of form and function. Moreover, intraspecific patterns of variation were generally consistent with those at the interspecific level, suggesting that microevolutionary variation may translate into macroevolutionary patterns of ecomorphological diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Taverne
- UMR 7179, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
| | - Hugo Dutel
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Department of Engineering, Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Michael Fagan
- Department of Engineering, Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - Anamaria Štambuk
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Duje Lisičić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Zoran Tadić
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Paris, France
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7
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Huntley LC, Gower DJ, Sampaio FL, Collins ES, Goswami A, Fabre A. Intraspecific morphological variation in the shieldtail snake
Rhinophis philippinus
(Serpentes: Uropeltidae), with particular reference to tail‐shield and cranial 3D geometric morphometrics. J ZOOL SYST EVOL RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jzs.12505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C. Huntley
- Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum London UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London London UK
| | - David J. Gower
- Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum London UK
| | - Filipa L. Sampaio
- Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum London UK
- Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment University College London London UK
| | - Ellen S. Collins
- Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum London UK
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences University of Sheffield Sheffield UK
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Life Sciences The Natural History Museum London UK
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8
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White HE, Goswami A, Tucker AS. The Intertwined Evolution and Development of Sutures and Cranial Morphology. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:653579. [PMID: 33842480 PMCID: PMC8033035 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.653579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic variation across mammals is extensive and reflects their ecological diversification into a remarkable range of habitats on every continent and in every ocean. The skull performs many functions to enable each species to thrive within its unique ecological niche, from prey acquisition, feeding, sensory capture (supporting vision and hearing) to brain protection. Diversity of skull function is reflected by its complex and highly variable morphology. Cranial morphology can be quantified using geometric morphometric techniques to offer invaluable insights into evolutionary patterns, ecomorphology, development, taxonomy, and phylogenetics. Therefore, the skull is one of the best suited skeletal elements for developmental and evolutionary analyses. In contrast, less attention is dedicated to the fibrous sutural joints separating the cranial bones. Throughout postnatal craniofacial development, sutures function as sites of bone growth, accommodating expansion of a growing brain. As growth frontiers, cranial sutures are actively responsible for the size and shape of the cranial bones, with overall skull shape being altered by changes to both the level and time period of activity of a given cranial suture. In keeping with this, pathological premature closure of sutures postnatally causes profound misshaping of the skull (craniosynostosis). Beyond this crucial role, sutures also function postnatally to provide locomotive shock absorption, allow joint mobility during feeding, and, in later postnatal stages, suture fusion acts to protect the developed brain. All these sutural functions have a clear impact on overall cranial function, development and morphology, and highlight the importance that patterns of suture development have in shaping the diversity of cranial morphology across taxa. Here we focus on the mammalian cranial system and review the intrinsic relationship between suture development and morphology and cranial shape from an evolutionary developmental biology perspective, with a view to understanding the influence of sutures on evolutionary diversity. Future work integrating suture development into a comparative evolutionary framework will be instrumental to understanding how developmental mechanisms shaping sutures ultimately influence evolutionary diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E White
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom.,Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Abigail S Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Dutel H, Gröning F, Sharp AC, Watson PJ, Herrel A, Ross CF, Jones MEH, Evans SE, Fagan MJ. Comparative cranial biomechanics in two lizard species: impact of variation in cranial design. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.234831. [PMID: 33504585 PMCID: PMC7970069 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.234831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cranial morphology in lepidosaurs is highly disparate and characterised by the frequent loss or reduction of bony elements. In varanids and geckos, the loss of the postorbital bar is associated with changes in skull shape, but the mechanical principles underlying this variation remain poorly understood. Here, we sought to determine how the overall cranial architecture and the presence of the postorbital bar relate to the loading and deformation of the cranial bones during biting in lepidosaurs. Using computer-based simulation techniques, we compared cranial biomechanics in the varanid Varanus niloticus and the teiid Salvator merianae, two large, active foragers. The overall strain magnitude and distribution across the cranium were similar in the two species, despite lower strain gradients in V. niloticus. In S. merianae, the postorbital bar is important for resistance of the cranium to feeding loads. The postorbital ligament, which in varanids partially replaces the postorbital bar, does not affect bone strain. Our results suggest that the reduction of the postorbital bar impaired neither biting performance nor the structural resistance of the cranium to feeding loads in V. niloticus. Differences in bone strain between the two species might reflect demands imposed by feeding and non-feeding functions on cranial shape. Beyond variation in cranial bone strain related to species-specific morphological differences, our results reveal that similar mechanical behaviour is shared by lizards with distinct cranial shapes. Contrary to the situation in mammals, the morphology of the circumorbital region, calvaria and palate appears to be important for withstanding high feeding loads in these lizards. Summary:In vivo measurements and computer-based simulations of the cranial mechanics of two large lizards indicate that similar mechanical behaviour is shared by lizards with distinct cranial architecture, and show the importance of the postorbital bar in resisting the feeding loads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Dutel
- School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK .,Department of Engineering, Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Flora Gröning
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Alana C Sharp
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L7 8TX, UK.,Centre for Integrative Anatomy, Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Anatomy Building, Gower Street, London, WCIE 6BT, UK
| | - Peter J Watson
- Department of Engineering, Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Anthony Herrel
- UMR 7179 MECADEV, MNHN - CNRS, Département Adaptations du Vivant, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Callum F Ross
- Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, 1027 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Marc E H Jones
- Centre for Integrative Anatomy, Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Anatomy Building, Gower Street, London, WCIE 6BT, UK
| | - Susan E Evans
- Centre for Integrative Anatomy, Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, Anatomy Building, Gower Street, London, WCIE 6BT, UK
| | - Michael J Fagan
- Department of Engineering, Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, University of Hull, Hull, HU6 7RX, UK
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10
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Berlioz E, Cornette R, Lenoir N, Santin MD, Lehmann T. Exploring the ontogenetic development of the inner ear in Aardvarks. J Anat 2020; 238:1128-1142. [PMID: 33345316 PMCID: PMC8053585 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The aardvark is the last living Tubulidentata, an order of afrotherian mammals. Afrotheria is supported strongly by molecular analyses, yet sparingly by morphological characters. Moreover, the biology of the aardvark remains incompletely known. The inner ear, and its ontogeny in particular, has not been studied in details yet, though it bears key ecomorphological characters and phylogenetical signal. The aim of this study is to decipher and discuss the ontogenetic development of the different areas of the inner ear of Orycteropus afer. We focused in particular on their relative size and morphological rates of development. Specimens were scanned with 3D imaging techniques. 3D and 2D geometric morphometrics coupled with qualitative descriptions of the petrosal ossification allowed us to evidence several stages through development. Based on our sample, the cochlea is the first structure of the inner ear to reach adult size, but it is the last one to acquire its adult morphology close to parturition. In contrast, after a delayed growth spurt, the semicircular canals reach their mature morphology before the cochlea, concomitantly with the increase of petrosal ossification. The ontogeny of the aardvark inner ear shows similarities with that of other species, but the apex of the cochlea presents some autapomorphies. This work constitutes a first step in the study of the ontogeny of this sensorial organ in Afrotheria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Berlioz
- PALEVOPRIM (Paléontologie, Evolution, Paléoécosystèmes, Paléoprimatologie) - UMR 7262, Geoscience Department, University SFA Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,TRACES (Travaux et Recherches Archéologiques sur les Cultures, les Espaces, et les Sociétés) - UMR 5608, Maison de la Recherche, University Toulouse Jean Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB) - UMR 7205, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Lenoir
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathieu D Santin
- Paris Brain Institute (Institut du Cerveau - ICM), Center for Neuroimaging Research - CENIR, Paris, France.,Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, ICM, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Lehmann
- Messel Research and Mammalogy Department, Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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White HE, Clavel J, Tucker AS, Goswami A. A comparison of metrics for quantifying cranial suture complexity. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200476. [PMID: 33023399 PMCID: PMC7653371 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Cranial sutures play critical roles in facilitating postnatal skull development and function. The diversity of function is reflected in the highly variable suture morphology and complexity. Suture complexity has seldom been studied, resulting in little consensus on the most appropriate approach for comparative, quantitative analyses. Here, we provide the first comprehensive comparison of current approaches for quantifying suture morphology, using a wide range of two-dimensional suture outlines across extinct and extant mammals (n = 79). Five complexity metrics (sinuosity index (SI), suture complexity index (SCI), fractal dimension (FD) box counting, FD madogram and a windowed short-time Fourier transform with power spectrum density (PSD) calculation) were compared with each other and with the shape variation in the dataset. Analyses of suture shape demonstrate that the primary axis of variation captured attributes other than complexity, supporting the use of a complexity metric over raw shape data for sutural complexity analyses. Each approach captured different aspects of complexity. PSD successfully discriminates different sutural features, such as looping patterns and interdigitation amplitude and number, while SCI best-captured variation in interdigitation number alone. Therefore, future studies should consider the relevant attributes for their question when selecting a metric for comparative analysis of suture variation, function and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather E. White
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College LondonSE1 9RT, UK
- Division of Biosciences, University College LondonWC1E 6DE, UK
| | - Julien Clavel
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, ENTPE, UMR 5023 LEHNA, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Abigail S. Tucker
- Centre for Craniofacial and Regenerative Biology, King's College LondonSE1 9RT, UK
| | - Anjali Goswami
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK
- Division of Biosciences, University College LondonWC1E 6DE, UK
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12
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Adams DC, Glynne E, Kaliontzopoulou A. Interspecific allometry for sexual shape dimorphism: Macroevolution of multivariate sexual phenotypes with application to Rensch's rule. Evolution 2020; 74:1908-1922. [PMID: 32578880 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Allometric trends in the degree of sexual dimorphism with body size have long fascinated evolutionary biologists. Many male-biased clades display more prominent sexual dimorphism in larger taxa (Rensch's rule), with most examples documenting this pattern for body size dimorphism. Although sexual dimorphism in traits other than body size is equally functionally relevant, characterizing allometric patterns of sexual dimorphism in such traits is hampered by lack of an analytical framework that can accommodate multivariate phenotypes. In this article, we derive a multivariate equivalency for investigating trends in sexual dimorphism-relative to overall body size-across taxa and provide a generalized test to determine whether such allometric patterns correspond with Rensch's rule. For univariate linear traits such as body size, our approach yields equivalent results to those from standard procedures, but our test is also capable of detecting trends in multivariate datasets such as shape. Computer simulations reveal that the method displays appropriate statistical properties, and an empirical example in Mediterranean lizards provides the first demonstration of Rensch's rule in a multivariate phenotype (head shape). Our generalized procedure substantially extends the analytical toolkit for investigating macroevolutionary patterns of sexual dimorphism and seeking a better understanding of the processes that underlie them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dean C Adams
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011
| | - Elizabeth Glynne
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, 50011
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources, InBIO, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Porto, 4099-002, Portugal
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13
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Brokaw AF, Smotherman M. Role of ecology in shaping external nasal morphology in bats and implications for olfactory tracking. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0226689. [PMID: 31914127 PMCID: PMC6948747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many animals display morphological adaptations of the nose that improve their ability to detect and track odors. Bilateral odor sampling improves an animals' ability to navigate using olfaction and increased separation of the nostrils facilitates olfactory source localization. Many bats use odors to find food and mates and bats display an elaborate diversity of facial features. Prior studies have quantified how variations in facial features correlate with echolocation and feeding ecology, but surprisingly none have asked whether bat noses might be adapted for olfactory tracking in flight. We predicted that bat species that rely upon odor cues while foraging would have greater nostril separation in support of olfactory tropotaxis. Using museum specimens, we measured the external nose and cranial morphology of 40 New World bat species. Diet had a significant effect on external nose morphology, but contrary to our predictions, insectivorous bats had the largest relative separation of nostrils, while nectar feeding species had the narrowest nostril widths. Furthermore, nasal echolocating bats had significantly narrower nostrils than oral emitting bats, reflecting a potential trade-off between sonar pulse emission and stereo-olfaction in those species. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the evolutionary interactions between olfaction and echolocation in shaping the external morphology of a facial feature using modern phylogenetic comparative methods. Future work pairing olfactory morphology with tracking behavior will provide more insight into how animals such as bats integrate olfactory information while foraging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson F. Brokaw
- Interdisciplinary Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael Smotherman
- Interdisciplinary Program in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
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14
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De Meyer J, Irschick DJ, Vanhooydonck B, Losos JB, Adriaens D, Herrel A. The role of bite force in the evolution of head shape and head shape dimorphism in
Anolis
lizards. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens De Meyer
- Department of Biology University of Ghent Gent Belgium
| | | | | | - Jonathan B. Losos
- Department of Biology University of Washington University St Louis MO USA
| | | | - Anthony Herrel
- Department of Biology University of Ghent Gent Belgium
- Department of Biology University of Antwerp Antwerpen Belgium
- Département Adaptations du Vivant Bâtiment d'Anatomie Comparée UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N Paris France
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15
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Rico-Guevara A, Hurme KJ. Intrasexually selected weapons. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2019; 94:60-101. [PMID: 29924496 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We propose a practical concept that distinguishes the particular kind of weaponry that has evolved to be used in combat between individuals of the same species and sex, which we term intrasexually selected weapons (ISWs). We present a treatise of ISWs in nature, aiming to understand their distinction and evolution from other secondary sex traits, including from 'sexually selected weapons', and from sexually dimorphic and monomorphic weaponry. We focus on the subset of secondary sex traits that are the result of same-sex combat, defined here as ISWs, provide not previously reported evolutionary patterns, and offer hypotheses to answer questions such as: why have only some species evolved weapons to fight for the opposite sex or breeding resources? We examined traits that seem to have evolved as ISWs in the entire animal phylogeny, restricting the classification of ISW to traits that are only present or enlarged in adults of one of the sexes, and are used as weapons during intrasexual fights. Because of the absence of behavioural data and, in many cases, lack of sexually discriminated series from juveniles to adults, we exclude the fossil record from this review. We merge morphological, ontogenetic, and behavioural information, and for the first time thoroughly review the tree of life to identify separate evolution of ISWs. We found that ISWs are only found in bilateral animals, appearing independently in nematodes, various groups of arthropods, and vertebrates. Our review sets a reference point to explore other taxa that we identify with potential ISWs for which behavioural or morphological studies are warranted. We establish that most ISWs come in pairs, are located in or near the head, are endo- or exoskeletal modifications, are overdeveloped structures compared with those found in females, are modified feeding structures and/or locomotor appendages, are most common in terrestrial taxa, are frequently used to guard females, territories, or both, and are also used in signalling displays to deter rivals and/or attract females. We also found that most taxa lack ISWs, that females of only a few species possess better-developed weapons than males, that the cases of independent evolution of ISWs are not evenly distributed across the phylogeny, and that animals possessing the most developed ISWs have non-hunting habits (e.g. herbivores) or are faunivores that prey on very small prey relative to their body size (e.g. insectivores). Bringing together perspectives from studies on a variety of taxa, we conceptualize that there are five ways in which a sexually dimorphic trait, apart from the primary sex traits, can be fixed: sexual selection, fecundity selection, parental role division, differential niche occupation between the sexes, and interference competition. We discuss these trends and the factors involved in the evolution of intrasexually selected weaponry in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Rico-Guevara
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720, U.S.A.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT, 06269, U.S.A.,Instituto de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Código Postal 11001, Bogotá DC, Colombia
| | - Kristiina J Hurme
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 3040 Valley Life Sciences Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720, U.S.A.,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, 75 N. Eagleville Rd, Unit 3043, Storrs, CT, 06269, U.S.A
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16
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Kazi S, Hipsley CA. Conserved evolution of skull shape in Caribbean head-first burrowing worm lizards (Squamata: Amphisbaenia). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sakib Kazi
- University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Museums Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christy A Hipsley
- University of Melbourne, School of BioSciences, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Museums Victoria, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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17
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Imhoff C, Giri F, Siroski P, Amavet P. Analysis of morphological variability and heritability in the head of the Argentine Black and White Tegu (Salvator merianae): undisturbed vs. disturbed environments. ZOOLOGY 2018; 127:47-62. [PMID: 29576385 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2018.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The heterogeneity of biotic and abiotic factors influencing fitness produce selective pressures that promote local adaptation and divergence among different populations of the same species. In order for adaptations to be maintained through evolutionary time, heritable genetic variation controlling the expression of the morphological features under selection is necessary. Here we compare morphological shape variability and size of the cephalic region of Salvator merianae specimens from undisturbed environments to those of individuals from disturbed environments, and estimated heritability for shape and size using geometric morphometric and quantitative genetics tools. The results of these analyzes indicated that there are statistically significant differences in shape and size between populations from the two environments. Possibly, one of the main determinants of cephalic shape and size is adaptation to the characteristics of the environment and to the trophic niche. Individuals from disturbed environments have a cephalic region with less shape variation and also have a larger centroid size when compared to individuals from undisturbed environments. The high heritability values obtained for shape and size in dorsal view and right side view indicate that these phenotypic characters have a great capacity to respond to the selection pressures to which they are subjected. Data obtained here could be used as an important tool when establishing guidelines for plans for the sustainable use and conservation of S. merianae and other species living in disturbed areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Imhoff
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Federico Giri
- Instituto Nacional de Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Pablo Siroski
- Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MASPyMA), A. del Valle 8700, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Instituto de Ciencias Veterinarias del Litoral (ICiVet-CONICET), Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF) Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricia Amavet
- Laboratorio de Genética, Departamento de Ciencias Naturales, Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias, UNL, CONICET, Ciudad Universitaria, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Laboratorio de Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MASPyMA), A. del Valle 8700, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
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18
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Jones MEH, Gröning F, Dutel H, Sharp A, Fagan MJ, Evans SE. The biomechanical role of the chondrocranium and sutures in a lizard cranium. J R Soc Interface 2017; 14:20170637. [PMID: 29263126 PMCID: PMC5746569 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2017.0637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of soft tissues in skull biomechanics remains poorly understood. Not least, the chondrocranium, the portion of the braincase which persists as cartilage with varying degrees of mineralization. It also remains commonplace to overlook the biomechanical role of sutures despite evidence that they alter strain distribution. Here, we examine the role of both the sutures and the chondrocranium in the South American tegu lizard Salvator merianae We use multi-body dynamics analysis (MDA) to provide realistic loading conditions for anterior and posterior unilateral biting and a detailed finite element model to examine strain magnitude and distribution. We find that strains within the chondrocranium are greatest during anterior biting and are primarily tensile; also that strain within the cranium is not greatly reduced by the presence of the chondrocranium unless it is given the same material properties as bone. This result contradicts previous suggestions that the anterior portion (the nasal septum) acts as a supporting structure. Inclusion of sutures to the cranium model not only increases overall strain magnitudes but also leads to a more complex distribution of tension and compression rather than that of a beam under sagittal bending.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc E H Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia
- South Australian Museum, North Terrace, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Flora Gröning
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Hugo Dutel
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Alana Sharp
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, University College London, Anatomy Building, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, UK
| | - Michael J Fagan
- School of Engineering and Computer Science, Medical and Biological Engineering Research Group, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK
| | - Susan E Evans
- Research Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, UCL, University College London, Anatomy Building, Gower Street, London WCIE 6BT, UK
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19
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Best KC, Garvin HM, Cabo LL. An Investigation into the Relationship between Human Cranial and Pelvic Sexual Dimorphism. J Forensic Sci 2017; 63:990-1000. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.13669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaleigh C. Best
- Department of Anthropology; Southern Illinois University; 1000 Faner Drive Carbondale IL 62901
| | - Heather M. Garvin
- Department of Applied Forensic Sciences; Mercyhurst University; 501 E 38th Street Erie PA 16546
- Department of Anatomy; Des Moines University; 3200 Grand Avenue Des Moines IA 50312
| | - Luis L. Cabo
- Department of Applied Forensic Sciences; Mercyhurst University; 501 E 38th Street Erie PA 16546
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20
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Geometric Morphometrics Provides an Alternative Approach for Interpreting the Affinity of Fossil Lizard Jaws. J HERPETOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1670/16-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Massetti F, Gomes V, Perera A, Rato C, Kaliontzopoulou A. Morphological and functional implications of sexual size dimorphism in the Moorish gecko, Tarentola mauritanica. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blx060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Massetti
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Verónica Gomes
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Perera
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Catarina Rato
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos da, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
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22
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Žagar A, Carretero MA, Vrezec A, Drašler K, Kaliontzopoulou A. Towards a functional understanding of species coexistence: ecomorphological variation in relation to whole‐organism performance in two sympatric lizards. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anamarija Žagar
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO University of Porto 4485‐661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Miguel A. Carretero
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO University of Porto 4485‐661 Vairão Portugal
| | - Al Vrezec
- National Institute for Biology 1000 Ljubljana Slovenia
| | | | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO Research Centre in Biodiversity and Genetic Resources InBIO University of Porto 4485‐661 Vairão Portugal
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23
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PENNING DA. The scaling of bite force and constriction pressure in kingsnakes (Lampropeltis getula): Proximate determinants and correlated performance. Integr Zool 2017; 12:121-131. [DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David A. PENNING
- Department of Biology; University of Louisiana at Lafayette; Lafayette Louisiana USA
- Department of Biology & Environmental Health; Missouri Southern State University; Joplin Missouri USA
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24
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Alarcón-Ríos L, Velo-Antón G, Kaliontzopoulou A. A non-invasive geometric morphometrics method for exploring variation in dorsal head shape in urodeles: sexual dimorphism and geographic variation inSalamandra salamandra. J Morphol 2017; 278:475-485. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Alarcón-Ríos
- Departamento de Biología de Organismos y Sistemas; Área de Ecología, Universidad de Oviedo; Oviedo Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Investigación en Biodiversidad (UMIB), CSIC-Universidad de Oviedo-Principado de Asturias; Mieres Spain
| | - Guillermo Velo-Antón
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão 7, Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
| | - Antigoni Kaliontzopoulou
- CIBIO/InBIO, Centro de Investigacão em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Instituto de Ciências Agrárias de Vairão 7, Universidade do Porto; Vairão Portugal
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25
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Regional differentiation of felid vertebral column evolution: a study of 3D shape trajectories. ORG DIVERS EVOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13127-016-0304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Dollion AY, Measey GJ, Cornette R, Carne L, Tolley KA, Silva JM, Boistel R, Fabre A, Herrel A. Does diet drive the evolution of head shape and bite force in chameleons of the genusBradypodion? Funct Ecol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - G. John Measey
- Department of Botany and Zoology Centre for Invasion Biology Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Raphaël Cornette
- ‘Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité’ (ISYEB) UMR 7205 CNRS/MNHN/UPMC/EPHE 45 rue Buffon 75005 Paris France
| | - Liza Carne
- Department of Zoology Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University PO Box 77000 Port Elizabeth6031 South Africa
| | - Krystal A. Tolley
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag X7 Claremont 7735 Cape Town South Africa
- Department of Botany and Zoology Stellenbosch University Private Bag X1 Matieland 7602 Stellenbosch South Africa
| | - Jessica M. Silva
- Kirstenbosch Research Centre South African National Biodiversity Institute Private Bag X7 Claremont 7735 Cape Town South Africa
| | - Renaud Boistel
- IPHEP, CNRS UMR 7262 Université de Poitiers 6 rue Michel Brunet 86073 Poitiers France
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27
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Ramírez-Sánchez MM, De Luna E, Cramer C. Geometric and traditional morphometrics for the assessment of character state identity: multivariate statistical analyses of character variation in the genusArrenurus(Acari, Hydrachnidia, Arrenuridae). Zool J Linn Soc 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M. Ramírez-Sánchez
- Lab. de Acarología “Anita Hoffmann”; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán Distrito Federal C.P. 04510 México
| | - Efraín De Luna
- Biodiversidad y Sistemática; Instituto de Ecología AC; Xalapa Veracruz C.P. 91070 México
| | - Cristina Cramer
- Lab. de Acarología “Anita Hoffmann”; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México; Coyoacán Distrito Federal C.P. 04510 México
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28
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Gargan LM, Cornette R, Yearsley JM, Montgomery WI, Paupério J, Alves PC, Butler F, Pascal M, Tresset A, Herrel A, Lusby J, Tosh DG, Searle JB, McDevitt AD. Molecular and morphological insights into the origin of the invasive greater white-toothed shrew (Crocidura russula) in Ireland. Biol Invasions 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-016-1056-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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29
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Imhoff C, Giri F, Siroski P, Amavet P. Phenotypic variability and heritability of the cephalic region of Caiman latirostris. J Morphol 2015; 277:370-8. [PMID: 26682625 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study of the cephalic shape of crocodilian is relevant in the fields of ecology, systematics, evolution, and conservation. Therefore, the integration of geometric analysis within quantitative genetics allows the evaluation of the inheritable shape components. In this study, the dorsal cephalic region of 210 Caiman latirostris hatchlings was analyzed from seven populations in Santa Fe, Argentina, to detect intra-, and inter-population phenotypic variability, and to determine the heritability of biological shape and size, using newly available geometric morphometric tools. The principal component analysis showed two configurations of cephalic shape that could be related to sexual dimorphism. In the canonical variate analysis, Procrustes distances between groups indicated that there are differences in shape among populations. Furthermore, the method of partial least squares indicated a covariation between cephalic shape and environmental variables. Regarding to CS of the skull we found significant differences among populations, moreover the partial least squares was also significant. Estimates of the heritability of shape and size were high, indicating that the components of these features are susceptible to the selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Imhoff
- Laboratorio De Genética, Depto. De Ciencias Naturales, Facultad De Humanidades Y Ciencias, UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Giri
- Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Instituto Nacional De Limnología (CONICET-UNL), Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.,Facultad De Humanidades Y Ciencias, UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
| | - Pablo Siroski
- Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Proyecto Yacaré-Laboratorio De Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MASPyMA), a. Del Valle 8700, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.,ICiVet-Litoral (FCV-UNL-CONICET), Laboratorio De Biología Celular Y Molecular, Kreder 2805 (S3080HOF) Esperanza, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Patricia Amavet
- Laboratorio De Genética, Depto. De Ciencias Naturales, Facultad De Humanidades Y Ciencias, UNL, Ciudad Universitaria, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional De Investigaciones Científicas Y Técnicas (CONICET), Av. Rivadavia 1917 (C1033AAJ), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Proyecto Yacaré-Laboratorio De Zoología Aplicada: Anexo Vertebrados (FHUC-UNL/MASPyMA), a. Del Valle 8700, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina
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30
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Husak JF. Measuring Selection on Physiology in the Wild and Manipulating Phenotypes (in Terrestrial Nonhuman Vertebrates). Compr Physiol 2015; 6:63-85. [PMID: 26756627 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c140061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
To understand why organisms function the way that they do, we must understand how evolution shapes physiology. This requires knowledge of how selection acts on physiological traits in nature. Selection studies in the wild allow us to determine how variation in physiology causes variation in fitness, revealing how evolution molds physiology over evolutionary time. Manipulating phenotypes experimentally in a selection study shifts the distribution of trait variation in a population to better explore potential constraints and the adaptive value of physiological traits. There is a large database of selection studies in the wild on a variety of traits, but very few of those are physiological traits. Nevertheless, data available so far suggest that physiological traits, including metabolic rate, thermal physiology, whole-organism performance, and hormone levels, are commonly subjected to directional selection in nature, with stabilizing and disruptive selection less common than predicted if physiological traits are optimized to an environment. Selection studies on manipulated phenotypes, including circulating testosterone and glucocorticoid levels, reinforce this notion, but reveal that trade-offs between survival and reproduction or correlational selection can constrain the evolution of physiology. More studies of selection on physiological traits in nature that quantify multiple traits are necessary to better determine the manner in which physiological traits evolve and whether different types of traits (dynamic performance vs. regulatory) evolve differently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry F Husak
- Department of Biology, University of St. Thomas, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
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Wittorski A, Losos JB, Herrel A. Proximate determinants of bite force in Anolis lizards. J Anat 2015; 228:85-95. [PMID: 26471984 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Performance measures associated with the vertebrate jaw system may provide important insights into vertebrate ecology and evolution because of their importance in many ecologically relevant tasks. Previous studies have shown that in many taxa, evolution toward higher bite force has gone hand in hand with the evolution of larger body size. However, independent of differences in overall body size, bite force may vary depending on head size and shape as well. Moreover, the underlying musculature may also drive variation in bite force. Here, we investigate the proximate determinants of bite force in lizards of the genus Anolis. We dissected the jaw muscles and quantified muscle mass, fibre length, and cross-sectional area. Data were analysed for both sexes independently given the sexual dimorphism detected in the dataset. Our results show that the traits that explain bite force are similar in both males and females with overall body size and muscle mass being the principal determinants. Among the different muscles examined, the adductor externus and the pseudotemporalis groups were the best determinants of bite force. However, models run for males predicted the variation in bite force better than models for females, suggesting that selection on morphology improving bite force may be stronger in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Wittorski
- Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Paris, France
| | - Jonathan B Losos
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Département d'Ecologie et de Gestion de la Biodiversité, UMR 7179 C.N.R.S/M.N.H.N., Paris, France.,Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Strong support for Rensch’s rule in an American clade of lizards (Teiidae and Gymnophtalmidae) and a paradox of the largest tejus. Naturwissenschaften 2015; 102:23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00114-015-1264-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Interrelationships Between Bones, Muscles, and Performance: Biting in the Lizard Tupinambis merianae. Evol Biol 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11692-014-9286-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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