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Bódi I, Felföldi B, Minkó K, Benyeda Z, Nagy N, Kiss AL, Palya V, Oláh I. Effect of IBDV infection on the interfollicular epithelium of chicken bursa of Fabricius. Poult Sci 2019; 98:3464-3470. [PMID: 30481345 PMCID: PMC7107266 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In the chicken bursa of Fabricius (BF), the interfollicular epithelium (IFE) consists of cylindrical- and cuboidal-shaped cells. Among the cylindrical-shaped epithelial cells, mucus-producing and caveolin-1 (Cav-1)-expressing cells can be distinguished. Occasionally, the cuboidal-shaped cells also express Cav-1, which suggests that they are precursors of both mucus-producing and Cav-1-expressing cells. Very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) impedes the differentiation of Cav-1-expressing cells and shifts the differentiation of cuboidal cells towards mucus-producing cells. In control birds exclusively, the IFE surface shows a mucous membrane, but after IBDV infection, the surfaces of both IFE and FAE are also covered by a mucous membrane. After IBDV infection, the cells of FAE also produce mucus, providing evidence for cell transformation. In late postinfection (pi; 28 d pi), the Cav-1 expression returned in the IFE cells, whereas the follicle (the primary lymphoid organ) underwent atrophy. The appearance of the renewed Cav-1-positive cells is similar to that of the normal basal cell, but they randomly locate in different levels of IFE, suggesting the loss of epithelial polarity. Between days 2 and 7 pi, the Cav-1 expression in the endothelial cells of the cortico-medullary capillary web is variable, which may explain the hemorrhage in several infected birds. The IBDV infection stops the Cav-1 expression and subsequently the cholesterol efflux into the bursal lumen. In the infected birds, the high cholesterol level may further worsen the clinical syndrome of IBDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bódi
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Krisztina Minkó
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Nándor Nagy
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | - Anna L Kiss
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
| | | | - Imre Oláh
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Semmelweis University, Budapest 1094, Hungary
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Balic A, Chintoan-Uta C, Vohra P, Sutton KM, Cassady-Cain RL, Hu T, Donaldson DS, Stevens MP, Mabbott NA, Hume DA, Sang HM, Vervelde L. Antigen Sampling CSF1R-Expressing Epithelial Cells Are the Functional Equivalents of Mammalian M Cells in the Avian Follicle-Associated Epithelium. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2495. [PMID: 31695701 PMCID: PMC6817575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) is a specialized structure that samples luminal antigens and transports them into mucosa-associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). In mammals, transcytosis of antigens across the gut epithelium is performed by a subset of FAE cells known as M cells. Here we show that colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is expressed by a subset of cells in the avian bursa of Fabricius FAE. Expression was initially detected using a CSF1R-reporter transgene that also label subsets of bursal macrophages. Immunohistochemical detection using a specific monoclonal antibody confirmed abundant expression of CSF1R on the basolateral membrane of FAE cells. CSF1R-transgene expressing bursal FAE cells were enriched for expression of markers previously reported as putative M cell markers, including annexin A10 and CD44. They were further distinguished from a population of CSF1R-transgene negative epithelial cells within FAE by high apical F-actin expression and differential staining with the lectins jacalin, PHA-L and SNA. Bursal FAE cells that express the CSF1R-reporter transgene were responsible for the bulk of FAE transcytosis of labeled microparticles in the size range 0.02-0.1 μm. Unlike mammalian M cells, they did not readily take up larger bacterial sized microparticles (0.5 μm). Their role in uptake of bacteria was tested using Salmonella, which can enter via M cells in mammals. Labeled Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium entered bursal tissue via the FAE. Entry was partially dependent upon Type III secretion system-1. However, the majority of invading bacteria were localized to CSF1R-negative FAE cells and in resident phagocytes that express the phosphatidylserine receptor TIM4. CSF1R-expressing FAE cells in infected follicles showed evidence of cell death and shedding into the bursal lumen. In mammals, CSF1R expression in the gut is restricted to macrophages which only indirectly control M cell differentiation. The novel expression of CSF1R in birds suggests that these functional equivalents to mammalian M cells may have different ontological origins and their development and function are likely to be regulated by different growth factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Balic
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.,Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Cosmin Chintoan-Uta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Prerna Vohra
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kate M Sutton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L Cassady-Cain
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Tuan Hu
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David S Donaldson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Stevens
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Neil A Mabbott
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David A Hume
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, United Kingdom
| | - Helen M Sang
- Division of Developmental Biology, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Ribatti D, Tamma R, Elieh Ali Komi D. The morphological basis of the development of the chick embryo immune system. Exp Cell Res 2019; 381:323-329. [PMID: 31141709 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The chick immune system is a fundamental model in basic immunology. In birds, the bone marrow derived pluripotent stem cells after entering the circulation, migrate to bursa of Fabricius to benefit from a microenvironment which supports the differentiation and maturation of B lymphocytes by the help of its resident cells and tissues. Delivering sufficient functional B cells is required to maintain their peripheral population and normal peripheral humoral responses. Additionally, bursa acts as an active site for the generation of antibody diversity through gene conversion. Being consisted of 98% B lymphocytes, the organ is occupied by other cell types including T cells, macrophages, eosinophils and mast cells. Thymus, which is an epithelial organ is the main site of T cell development where positive and negative selections contribute to the development of functional and not autoreactive T cell repertoire. Bursectomy and thymectomy are surgical exercises through which the involvement of cells of specific immunity including B cells and T cells can be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Ribatti
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy.
| | - Roberto Tamma
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari Medical School, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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