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Sugiyama K, Kubota Y, Mochizuki O. Network Topology of Wing Veins in Hawaiian Flies Mitigates Allometric Dilemma. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:451. [PMID: 39194429 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9080451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Specific Hawaiian fruit flies have an extra crossvein (ECV) in the wing vein network which connects contiguously with another crossvein and forms a unique cruciform topology. These flies are distinguished by their large wings and their allometrically small vein diameters compared to those of typical fruit flies. Small vein diameters may increase frictional energy loss during internal blood transport, although they lead to an improvement in the wing's moment of inertia. Our hypothesis was that the ECV's presence would reduce the hydraulic resistance of the entire vein network. To investigate the hemodynamic effects of its presence, the flow rate of blood and frictional pressure loss within the vein networks was simulated by modeling them as hydraulic circuits. The results showed a 3.1% reduction in pressure loss owing to the network topology created by the presence of the ECV. This vein and its contiguous crossvein diverted part of the blood from the wing veins topologically parallel to them, reducing the pressure loss in these bypassed veins. The contiguity of the ECV to the other crossvein provided the shortest blood transfer route and lowest pressure drop between these crossveins. The results suggest that the presence of the ECV may counterbalance the heightened resistance caused by constricted veins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuki Sugiyama
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, Kujirai 2100, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kubota
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, Kujirai 2100, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan
| | - Osamu Mochizuki
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Toyo University, Kujirai 2100, Kawagoe 350-8585, Japan
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Zhao X, Su Y, Shao T, Fan Z, Cao L, Liu W, Zhang J. Cuticle protein gene LmCP8 is involved in the structural development of the ovipositor in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:747-759. [PMID: 35822263 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The ovipositor comprises the external genitalia of female insects, which plays an important role in the mating and ovipositing process of insects. However, it remains rudimentary of regional gene expression and physiological function in the ovipositor during structural development. Here, we analysed the basic structure and characteristics of the ovipositor in the migratory locust Locusta migratoria. RNA-seq analysis revealed the specialization of chitin metabolism, lipids synthesis and transport, tanning and cuticular protein genes in the ovipositor. Among them, two cuticle protein genes, LmCP8 and LmACP79, were identified, which are specifically expressed in the ovipositor. Functional analysis based on RNA interference showed that deficiency of LmCP8 affected the structural development of the ovipositor resulting in the retention of a large number of remaining unproduced oocysts in the ovary of the locusts. Our results provide a fundamental resource to investigate the structural development and physiological function of the ovipositor in L. migratoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Zhao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yazhi Su
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Ti Shao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhiyan Fan
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Lili Cao
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Weimin Liu
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianzhen Zhang
- Institute of Applied Biology, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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Peláez JN, Gloss AD, Ray JF, Chaturvedi S, Haji D, Charboneau JLM, Verster KI, Whiteman NK. Evolution and genomic basis of the plant-penetrating ovipositor: a key morphological trait in herbivorous Drosophilidae. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20221938. [PMID: 36350206 PMCID: PMC9653217 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.1938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivorous insects are extraordinarily diverse, yet are found in only one-third of insect orders. This skew may result from barriers to plant colonization, coupled with phylogenetic constraint on plant-colonizing adaptations. The plant-penetrating ovipositor, however, is one trait that surmounts host plant physical defences and may be evolutionarily labile. Ovipositors densely lined with hard bristles have evolved repeatedly in herbivorous lineages, including within the Drosophilidae. However, the evolution and genetic basis of this innovation has not been well studied. Here, we focused on the evolution of this trait in Scaptomyza, a genus sister to Hawaiian Drosophila, that contains a herbivorous clade. Our phylogenetic approach revealed that ovipositor bristle number increased as herbivory evolved in the Scaptomyza lineage. Through a genome-wide association study, we then dissected the genomic architecture of variation in ovipositor bristle number within S. flava. Top-associated variants were enriched for transcriptional repressors, and the strongest associations included genes contributing to peripheral nervous system development. Individual genotyping supported the association at a variant upstream of Gαi, a neural development gene, contributing to a gain of 0.58 bristles/major allele. These results suggest that regulatory variation involving conserved developmental genes contributes to this key morphological trait involved in plant colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne N. Peláez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA
| | - Andrew D. Gloss
- Department of Biology and Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA,Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Julianne F. Ray
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Samridhi Chaturvedi
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA
| | - Diler Haji
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA
| | | | - Kirsten I. Verster
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA
| | - Noah K. Whiteman
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA
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Tanaka KM, Takahashi K, Rice G, Rebeiz M, Kamimura Y, Takahashi A. Trichomes on female reproductive tract: rapid diversification and underlying gene regulatory network in Drosophila suzukii and its related species. BMC Ecol Evol 2022; 22:93. [PMID: 35902820 PMCID: PMC9331688 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-022-02046-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ovipositors of some insects are external female genitalia, which have their primary function to deliver eggs. Drosophila suzukii and its sibling species D. subpulchrella are known to have acquired highly sclerotized and enlarged ovipositors upon their shifts in oviposition sites from rotting to ripening fruits. Inside the ovipositor plates, there are scale-like polarized protrusions termed "oviprovector scales" that are likely to aid the mechanical movement of the eggs. The size and spatial distribution of the scales need to be rearranged following the divergence of the ovipositors. In this study, we examined the features of the oviprovector scales in D. suzukii and its closely related species. We also investigated whether the scales are single-cell protrusions comprised of F-actin under the same conserved gene regulatory network as the well-characterized trichomes on the larval cuticular surface. RESULTS The oviprovector scales of D. suzukii and D. subpulchrella were distinct in size and spatial arrangement compared to those of D. biarmipes and other closely related species. The scale numbers also varied greatly among these species. The comparisons of the size of the scales suggested a possibility that the apical cell area of the oviprovector has expanded upon the elongation of the ovipositor plates in these species. Our transcriptome analysis revealed that 43 out of the 46 genes known to be involved in the trichome gene regulatory network are expressed in the developing female genitalia of D. suzukii and D. subpulchrella. The presence of Shavenbaby (Svb) or svb was detected in the inner cavity of the developing ovipositors of D. melanogaster, D. suzukii, and D. subpulchrella. Also, shavenoid (sha) was expressed in the corresponding patterns in the developing ovipositors and showed differential expression levels between D. suzukii and D. subpulchrella at 48 h APF. CONCLUSIONS The oviprovector scales have divergent size and spatial arrangements among species. Therefore, these scales may represent a rapidly diversifying morphological trait of the female reproductive tract reflecting ecological contexts. Furthermore, our results showed that the gene regulatory network underlying trichome formation is also utilized to develop the rapidly evolving trichomes on the oviprovectors of these flies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro M Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 192-0397, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kanoko Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 192-0397, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Gavin Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Mark Rebeiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, 15260, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Aya Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 192-0397, Hachioji, Japan.
- Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 192-0397, Hachioji, Japan.
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Chenevert M, Miller B, Karkoutli A, Rusnak A, Lott SE, Atallah J. The early embryonic transcriptome of a Hawaiian Drosophila picture-wing fly shows evidence of altered gene expression and novel gene evolution. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART B, MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2022; 338:277-291. [PMID: 35322942 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.23129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A massive adaptive radiation on the Hawaiian archipelago has produced approximately one-quarter of the fly species in the family Drosophilidae. The Hawaiian Drosophila clade has long been recognized as a model system for the study of both the ecology of island endemics and the evolution of developmental mechanisms, but relatively few genomic and transcriptomic datasets are available for this group. We present here a differential expression analysis of the transcriptional profiles of two highly conserved embryonic stages in the Hawaiian picture-wing fly Drosophila grimshawi. When we compared our results to previously published datasets across the family Drosophilidae, we identified cases of both gains and losses of gene representation in D. grimshawi, including an apparent delay in Hox gene activation. We also found a high expression of unannotated genes. Most transcripts of unannotated genes with open reading frames do not have identified homologs in non-Hawaiian Drosophila species, although the vast majority have sequence matches in genomes of other Hawaiian picture-wing flies. Some of these unannotated genes may have arisen from noncoding sequence in the ancestor of Hawaiian flies or during the evolution of the clade. Our results suggest that both the modified use of ancestral genes and the evolution of new ones may occur in rapid radiations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline Chenevert
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Hayward Genetics Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Bronwyn Miller
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ahmad Karkoutli
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Anna Rusnak
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Brown University, Box A-2, Arnold Lab, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Susan E Lott
- Department of Evolution & Ecology, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA
| | - Joel Atallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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McQueen EW, Afkhami M, Atallah J, Belote JM, Gompel N, Heifetz Y, Kamimura Y, Kornhauser SC, Masly JP, O’Grady P, Peláez J, Rebeiz M, Rice G, Sánchez-Herrero E, Santos Nunes MD, Santos Rampasso A, Schnakenberg SL, Siegal ML, Takahashi A, Tanaka KM, Turetzek N, Zelinger E, Courtier-Orgogozo V, Toda MJ, Wolfner MF, Yassin A. A standardized nomenclature and atlas of the female terminalia of Drosophila melanogaster. Fly (Austin) 2022; 16:128-151. [PMID: 35575031 PMCID: PMC9116418 DOI: 10.1080/19336934.2022.2058309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The model organism Drosophila melanogaster has become a focal system for investigations of rapidly evolving genital morphology as well as the development and functions of insect reproductive structures. To follow up on a previous paper outlining unifying terminology for the structures of the male terminalia in this species, we offer here a detailed description of the female terminalia of D. melanogaster. Informative diagrams and micrographs are presented to provide a comprehensive overview of the external and internal reproductive structures of females. We propose a collection of terms and definitions to standardize the terminology associated with the female terminalia in D. melanogaster and we provide a correspondence table with the terms previously used. Unifying terminology for both males and females in this species will help to facilitate communication between various disciplines, as well as aid in synthesizing research across publications within a discipline that has historically focused principally on male features. Our efforts to refine and standardize the terminology should expand the utility of this important model system for addressing questions related to the development and evolution of animal genitalia, and morphology in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden W. McQueen
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mehrnaz Afkhami
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Joel Atallah
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John M. Belote
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Gompel
- Evolutionary Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Fakultät für Biologie, Biozentrum, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Yael Heifetz
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | - Shani C. Kornhauser
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - John P. Masly
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Patrick O’Grady
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Julianne Peláez
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mark Rebeiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Gavin Rice
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ernesto Sánchez-Herrero
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, Spain
| | | | | | - Sandra L. Schnakenberg
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
- Sema4, Stamford, CT, USA
| | - Mark L. Siegal
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aya Takahashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
- Research Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Kentaro M. Tanaka
- Department of Biological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Natascha Turetzek
- Evolutionary Ecology, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität München, Fakultät für Biologie, Biozentrum, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Einat Zelinger
- Department of Entomology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Center for Scientific Imaging, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Mariana F. Wolfner
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Amir Yassin
- Laboratoire Evolution, Génomes, Comportement, Ecologie (EGCE), UMR 9191, CNRS, IRD, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
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Crava CM, Zanini D, Amati S, Sollai G, Crnjar R, Paoli M, Rossi-Stacconi MV, Rota-Stabelli O, Tait G, Haase A, Romani R, Anfora G. Structural and transcriptional evidence of mechanotransduction in the Drosophila suzukii ovipositor. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 125:104088. [PMID: 32652080 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2020.104088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii is an invasive pest that prefers to lay eggs in ripening fruits, whereas most closely related Drosophila species exclusively use rotten fruit as oviposition site. This behaviour is allowed by an enlarged and serrated ovipositor that can pierce intact fruit skin, and by multiple contact sensory systems (mechanosensation and taste) that detect the optimal egg-laying substrates. Here, we tested the hypothesis that bristles present in the D. suzukii ovipositor tip contribute to these sensory modalities. Analysis of the bristle ultrastructure revealed that four different types of cuticular elements (conical pegs type 1 and 2, chaetic and trichoid sensilla) are present on the tip of each ovipositor plate. All of them have a poreless shaft and are innervated at their base by a single neuron that ends in a distal tubular body, thus resembling mechanosensitive structures. Fluorescent labelling in D. suzukii and D. melanogaster revealed that pegs located on the ventral side of the ovipositor tip are innervated by a single neuron in both species. RNA-sequencing profiled gene expression, notably sensory receptor genes of the terminalia of D. suzukii and of three other Drosophila species with changes in their ovipositor structure (from serrated to blunt ovipositor: Drosophila subpulchrella, Drosophila biarmipes and D. melanogaster). Our results revealed few species-specific transcripts and an overlapping expression of candidate mechanosensitive genes as well as the presence of some chemoreceptor transcripts. These experimental evidences suggest a mechanosensitive function for the D. suzukii ovipositor, which might be crucial across Drosophila species independently from ovipositor shape.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Maria Crava
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy; ERI BIOTECMED, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Spain.
| | - Damiano Zanini
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy; Neurobiology and Genetics, Biozentrum Universität Würzburg, Julius-Maximilians-University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Simone Amati
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Giorgia Sollai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberto Crnjar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Physiology, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Paoli
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | | | - Omar Rota-Stabelli
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Gabriella Tait
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
| | - Albrecht Haase
- Center for Mind/Brain Sciences and Department of Physics, University of Trento, Rovereto, Italy
| | - Roberto Romani
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
| | - Gianfranco Anfora
- Research and Innovation Centre, Fondazione Edmund Mach, San Michele all'Adige, Italy; Centre Agriculture, Food and Environment (C3A), University of Trento, San Michele all'Adige, Italy
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