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Dilly S, Romero M, Solier S, Feron O, Dessy C, Slama Schwok A. Targeting M2 Macrophages with a Novel NADPH Oxidase Inhibitor. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020440. [PMID: 36830003 PMCID: PMC9951936 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ROS in cancer cells play a key role in pathways regulating cell death, stemness maintenance, and metabolic reprogramming, all of which have been implicated in resistance to chemo/ immunotherapy. Adjusting ROS levels to reverse the resistance of cancer cells without impairing normal cell functions is a new therapeutic avenue. In this paper, we describe new inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (NOX), a key enzyme in many cells of the tumor microenvironment. The first inhibitor, called Nanoshutter-1, NS1, decreased the level of tumor-promoting "M2" macrophages differentiated from human blood monocytes. NS1 disrupted the active NADPH oxidase-2 (NOX2) complex at the membrane and in the mitochondria of the macrophages, as shown by confocal microscopy. As one of the characteristics of tumor invasion is hypoxia, we tested whether NS1 would affect vascular reactivity by reducing ROS or NO levels in wire and pressure myograph experiments on isolated blood vessels. The results show that NS1 vasodilated blood vessels and would likely reduce hypoxia. Finally, as both NOX2 and NOX4 are key proteins in tumors and their microenvironment, we investigated whether NS1 would probe these proteins differently. Models of NOX2 and NOX4 were generated by homology modeling, showing structural differences at their C-terminal NADPH site, in particular in their last Phe. Thus, the NADPH site presents an unexploited chemical space for addressing ligand specificity, which we exploited to design a novel NOX2-specific inhibitor targeting variable NOX2 residues. With the proper smart vehicle to target specific cells of the microenvironment as TAMs, NOX2-specific inhibitors could open the way to new precision therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dilly
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, CNRS UMR 8200, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Miguel Romero
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Stéphanie Solier
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, INSERM U1170, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (S.S.); or (A.S.S.)
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
- WELBIO Department, WEL Research Institute, Avenue Pasteur, 6, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Chantal Dessy
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Anny Slama Schwok
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, CNRS UMR 8200, F-94805 Villejuif, France
- Correspondence: (S.S.); or (A.S.S.)
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Manuel R, Lima MDS, Dilly S, Daunay S, Abbe P, Pramil E, Solier S, Guillaumond F, Tubiana SS, Escargueil A, Pêgas Henriques JA, Ferrand N, Erdelmeier I, Boucher JL, Bertho G, Agranat I, Rocchi S, Sabbah M, Slama Schwok A. Distinction between 2'- and 3'-Phosphate Isomers of a Fluorescent NADPH Analogue Led to Strong Inhibition of Cancer Cells Migration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050723. [PMID: 34064498 PMCID: PMC8148004 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific inhibition of NADPH oxidases (NOX) and NO-synthases (NOS), two enzymes associated with redox stress in tumor cells, has aroused great pharmacological interest. Here, we show how these enzymes distinguish between isomeric 2′- and 3′-phosphate derivatives, a difference used to improve the specificity of inhibition by isolated 2′- and 3′-phosphate isomers of our NADPH analogue NS1. Both isomers become fluorescent upon binding to their target proteins as observed by in vitro assay and in vivo imaging. The 2′-phosphate isomer of NS1 exerted more pronounced effects on NOS and NOX-dependent physiological responses than the 3′-phosphate isomer did. Docking and molecular dynamics simulations explain this specificity at the level of the NADPH site of NOX and NOS, where conserved arginine residues distinguished between the 2′-phosphate over the 3′-phosphate group, in favor of the 2′-phosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Manuel
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Team, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (R.M.); (M.d.S.L.); (S.D.); (E.P.); (A.E.); (N.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Michelle de Souza Lima
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Team, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (R.M.); (M.d.S.L.); (S.D.); (E.P.); (A.E.); (N.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Sébastien Dilly
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Team, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (R.M.); (M.d.S.L.); (S.D.); (E.P.); (A.E.); (N.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Sylvain Daunay
- Innoverda, Biopark Villejuif, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (S.D.); (I.E.)
| | - Patricia Abbe
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Team 12, F-06204 Nice, France; (P.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Elodie Pramil
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Team, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (R.M.); (M.d.S.L.); (S.D.); (E.P.); (A.E.); (N.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Stéphanie Solier
- Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, INSERM U1170, F-94805 Villejuif, France;
| | - Fabienne Guillaumond
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13288 Marseille, France; (F.G.); (S.-S.T.)
| | - Sarah-Simha Tubiana
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, Aix-Marseille Univ., CNRS, UMR 7258, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, F-13288 Marseille, France; (F.G.); (S.-S.T.)
| | - Alexandre Escargueil
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Team, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (R.M.); (M.d.S.L.); (S.D.); (E.P.); (A.E.); (N.F.); (M.S.)
| | - João Antonio Pêgas Henriques
- Departamento de Biofísica/Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 90040-060, Brazil;
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Universidade do Vale do Taquari—Univates, Lajeado 95900-000, Brazil
| | - Nathalie Ferrand
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Team, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (R.M.); (M.d.S.L.); (S.D.); (E.P.); (A.E.); (N.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Irène Erdelmeier
- Innoverda, Biopark Villejuif, F-94800 Villejuif, France; (S.D.); (I.E.)
| | - Jean-Luc Boucher
- CNRS UMR 8601, University Paris Descartes, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.-L.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Gildas Bertho
- CNRS UMR 8601, University Paris Descartes, F-75006 Paris, France; (J.-L.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Israel Agranat
- Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Philadelphia Bldg #212, Edmond J. Safra Campus, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel;
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire (C3M), INSERM U1065, Team 12, F-06204 Nice, France; (P.A.); (S.R.)
| | - Michèle Sabbah
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Team, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (R.M.); (M.d.S.L.); (S.D.); (E.P.); (A.E.); (N.F.); (M.S.)
| | - Anny Slama Schwok
- Cancer Biology and Therapeutics Team, INSERM, UMR_S 938, Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université, F-75012 Paris, France; (R.M.); (M.d.S.L.); (S.D.); (E.P.); (A.E.); (N.F.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence: or
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Dilly S, Roman LJ, Bogliotti N, Xie J, Deprez E, Slama-Schwok A. Design of Light-Sensitive Triggers for Endothelial NO-Synthase Activation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9020089. [PMID: 31972975 PMCID: PMC7070953 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A specific light trigger for activating endothelial Nitric Oxide-Synthase (eNOS) in real time would be of unique value to decipher cellular events associated with eNOS activation or to generate on demand cytotoxic levels of NO at specific sites for cancer research. We previously developed novel tools called nanotriggers (NT), which recognized constitutive NO-synthase, eNOS or neuronal NOS (nNOS), mainly via their 2’ phosphate group which is also present in NADPH in its binding site. Laser excitation of NT1 bound to eNOS triggered recombinant NOS activity and released NO. We recently generated new NTs carrying a 2’ or 3’ carboxylate group or two 2’ and 3’ carboxylate moieties replacing the 2’ phosphate group of NADPH. Among these new NT, only the 3’ carboxylate derivative released NO from endothelial cells upon laser activation. Here, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the 3’ carboxylate NT formed a folded structure with a hydrophobic hub, inducing a good stacking on FAD that likely drove efficient activation of nNOS. This NT also carried an additional small charged group which increased binding to e/nNOS; fluorescence measurements determined a 20-fold improved affinity upon binding to nNOS as compared to NT1 affinity. To gain in specificity for eNOS, we augmented a previous NT with a “hook” targeting variable residues in the NADPH site of eNOS. We discuss the potential of exploiting the chemical diversity within the NADPH site of eNOS for reversal of endothelial dysfunction in cells and for controlled generation of cytotoxic NO-derived species in cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Dilly
- UMR CNRS 8200, Gustave Roussy Cancer Research Center, Université Paris-Saclay, 94607 Villejuif, France;
| | - Linda J. Roman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA;
| | - Nicolas Bogliotti
- PPSM, CNRS UMR8531, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, IDA FR3242, F-94235 Cachan, France; (N.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Juan Xie
- PPSM, CNRS UMR8531, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, IDA FR3242, F-94235 Cachan, France; (N.B.); (J.X.)
| | - Eric Deprez
- LBPA, CNRS UMR8113, IDA FR3242, ENS Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, F-94235 Cachan, France;
| | - Anny Slama-Schwok
- UMR CNRS 8200, Gustave Roussy Cancer Research Center, Université Paris-Saclay, 94607 Villejuif, France;
- Centre de Recherche Saint Antoine INSERM UMR S-938, Sorbonne Université, 75006 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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4
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Rouaud F, Boucher JL, Slama-Schwok A, Rocchi S. Mechanism of melanoma cells selective apoptosis induced by a photoactive NADPH analogue. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82804-82819. [PMID: 27756874 PMCID: PMC5347734 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is one of the most lethal cancers when it reaches a metastatic stage. Despite the spectacular achievements of targeted therapies (BRAF inhibitors) or immuno-therapies (anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD1), most patients with melanoma will need additional treatments. Here we used a photoactive NADPH analogue called NS1 to induce cell death by inhibition of NADPH oxidases NOX in melanoma cells, including melanoma cells isolated from patients. In contrast, healthy melanocytes growth was unaffected by NS1 treatment. NS1 established an early Endoplasmic Reticulum stress by the early release of calcium mediated by (a) calcium-dependent redox-sensitive ion channel(s). These events initiated autophagy and apoptosis in all tested melanoma cells independently of their mutational status. The autophagy promoted by NS1 was incomplete. The autophagic flux was blocked at late stage events, consistent with the accumulation of p62, and a close localization of LC3 with NS1 associated with NS1 inhibition of NOX1 in autophagosomes. This hypothesis of a specific incomplete autophagy and apoptosis driven by NS1 was comforted by the use of siRNAs and pharmacological inhibitors blocking different processes. This study highlights the potential therapeutic interest of NS1 inducing cell death by triggering a selective ER stress and incomplete autophagy in melanoma cells harbouring wt and BRAF mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rouaud
- INSERM U1065 Team 1, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis et Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM U1065 Team 1, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis et Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
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Nguyen NH, Bogliotti N, Chennoufi R, Henry E, Tauc P, Salas E, Roman LJ, Slama-Schwok A, Deprez E, Xie J. Convergent synthesis and properties of photoactivable NADPH mimics targeting nitric oxide synthases. Org Biomol Chem 2018; 14:9519-9532. [PMID: 27722393 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob01533f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A new series of photoactivable NADPH mimics bearing one or two O-carboxymethyl groups on the adenosine moiety have been readily synthesized using click chemistry. These compounds display interesting one- or two-photon absorption properties. Their fluorescence emission wavelength and quantum yields (Φ) are dependent on the solvent polarity, with a red-shift in a more polar environment (λmax,em = 460-467 nm, Φ > 0.53 in DMSO, and λmax,em = 475-491 nm, Φ < 0.17 in Tris). These compounds show good binding affinity towards the constitutive nNOS and eNOS, confirming for the first time that the carboxymethyl group can be used as a surrogate of phosphate. Two-photon fluorescence imaging of nanotriggers in living cells showed that the presence of one carboxymethyl group (especially on the 3' position of the ribose) strongly favors the addressing of nanotriggers to eNOS in the cell context.
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Affiliation(s)
- N-H Nguyen
- PPSM, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235 France.
| | - N Bogliotti
- PPSM, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235 France.
| | - R Chennoufi
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235 France
| | - E Henry
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235 France
| | - P Tauc
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235 France
| | - E Salas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78384-7760, USA
| | - L J Roman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas 78384-7760, USA
| | - A Slama-Schwok
- Université Paris Saclay, INRA UR 892, Jouy en Josas, 78350, France
| | - E Deprez
- LBPA, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235 France
| | - J Xie
- PPSM, ENS Cachan, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, 94235 France.
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Rouaud F, Romero-Perez M, Wang H, Lobysheva I, Ramassamy B, Henry E, Tauc P, Giacchero D, Boucher JL, Deprez E, Rocchi S, Slama-Schwok A. Regulation of NADPH-dependent Nitric Oxide and reactive oxygen species signalling in endothelial and melanoma cells by a photoactive NADPH analogue. Oncotarget 2015; 5:10650-64. [PMID: 25296975 PMCID: PMC4279400 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric Oxide (NO) and Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are endogenous regulators of angiogenesis-related events as endothelial cell proliferation and survival, but NO/ROS defect or unbalance contribute to cancers. We recently designed a novel photoactive inhibitor of NO-Synthases (NOS) called NS1, which binds their NADPH site in vitro. Here, we show that NS1 inhibited NO formed in aortic rings. NS1-induced NO decrease led to an inhibition of angiogenesis in a model of VEGF-induced endothelial tubes formation. Beside this effect, NS1 reduced ROS levels in endothelial and melanoma A375 cells and in aorta. In metastatic melanoma cells, NS1 first induced a strong decrease of VEGF and blocked melanoma cell cycle at G2/M. NS1 decreased NOX4 and ROS levels that could lead to a specific proliferation arrest and cell death. In contrast, NS1 did not perturb melanocytes growth. Altogether, NS1 revealed a possible cross-talk between eNOS- and NOX4 –associated pathways in melanoma cells via VEGF, Erk and Akt modulation by NS1 that could be targeted to stop proliferation. NS1 thus constitutes a promising tool that modulates NO and redox stresses by targeting and directly inhibiting eNOS and, at least indirectly, NADPH oxidase(s), with great potential to control angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rouaud
- INSERM U1065 team 1, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis et Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Miguel Romero-Perez
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, FATH5349, IREC, UCL Medical Sector, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Huan Wang
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), ENS-Cachan, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Cachan, France
| | - Irina Lobysheva
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, FATH5349, IREC, UCL Medical Sector, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Booma Ramassamy
- CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Henry
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), ENS-Cachan, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Cachan, France
| | - Patrick Tauc
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), ENS-Cachan, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Cachan, France
| | | | - Jean-Luc Boucher
- CNRS UMR 8601, Université Paris Descartes, 45 rue des Saints Pères, Paris, France
| | - Eric Deprez
- Laboratoire de Biologie et Pharmacologie Appliquée (LBPA), ENS-Cachan, CNRS UMR 8113, IDA FR3242, Cachan, France
| | - Stéphane Rocchi
- INSERM U1065 team 1, Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis et Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Nice, France
| | - Anny Slama-Schwok
- Virologie et Immunologie Moléculaires, UR 892, INRA, Jouy en Josas, France
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Rational design of a fluorescent NADPH derivative imaging constitutive nitric-oxide synthases upon two-photon excitation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:12526-31. [PMID: 22802674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1205645109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the structure-based design and synthesis of a unique NOS inhibitor, called nanoshutter NS1, with two-photon absorption properties. NS1 targets the NADPH site of NOS by a nucleotide moiety mimicking NADPH linked to a conjugated push-pull chromophore with nonlinear absorption properties. Because NS1 could not provide reducing equivalents to the protein and competed with NADPH binding, it efficiently inhibited NOS catalysis. NS1 became fluorescent once bound to NOS with an excellent signal-to-noise ratio because of two-photon excitation avoiding interference from the flavin-autofluorescence and because free NS1 was not fluorescent in aqueous solutions. NS1 fluorescence enhancement was selective for constitutive NOS in vitro, in particular for endothelial NOS (eNOS). Molecular dynamics simulations suggested that two variable residues among NOS isoforms induced differences in binding of NS1 and in local solvation around NS1 nitro group, consistent with changes of NS1 fluorescence yield. NS1 colocalized with eNOS in living human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Thus, NS1 constitutes a unique class of eNOS probe with two-photon excitation in the 800-950-nm range, with great perspectives for eNOS imaging in living tissues.
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