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Li S, Liu G. Harnessing cellulose-binding protein domains for the development of functionalized cellulose materials. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2024; 11:74. [PMID: 39052131 PMCID: PMC11272768 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-024-00790-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellulosic materials are attracting increasing research interest because of their abundance, biocompatibility, and biodegradability, making them suitable in multiple industrial and medical applications. Functionalization of cellulose is usually required to improve or expand its properties to meet the requirements of different applications. Cellulose-binding domains (CBDs) found in various proteins have been shown to be powerful tools in the functionalization of cellulose materials. In this review, we firstly introduce the structural characteristics of commonly used CBDs belonging to carbohydrate-binding module families 1, 2 and 3. Then, we summarize four main kinds of methodologies for employing CBDs to modify cellulosic materials (i.e., CBD only, genetic fusion, non-covalent linkage and covalent linkage). Via different approaches, CBDs have been used to improve the material properties of cellulose, immobilize enzymes for biocatalysis, and design various detection tools. To achieve industrial applications, researches for lowering the production cost of CBDs, improving their performance (e.g., stability), and expanding their application scenarios are still in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaowei Li
- Taishan College, School of Life sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Taishan College, School of Life sciences, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, 72 Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, China.
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Ahmad A, Imran M, Ahsan H. Biomarkers as Biomedical Bioindicators: Approaches and Techniques for the Detection, Analysis, and Validation of Novel Biomarkers of Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1630. [PMID: 37376078 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15061630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A biomarker is any measurable biological moiety that can be assessed and measured as a potential index of either normal or abnormal pathophysiology or pharmacological responses to some treatment regimen. Every tissue in the body has a distinct biomolecular make-up, which is known as its biomarkers, which possess particular features, viz., the levels or activities (the ability of a gene or protein to carry out a particular body function) of a gene, protein, or other biomolecules. A biomarker refers to some feature that can be objectively quantified by various biochemical samples and evaluates the exposure of an organism to normal or pathological procedures or their response to some drug interventions. An in-depth and comprehensive realization of the significance of these biomarkers becomes quite important for the efficient diagnosis of diseases and for providing the appropriate directions in case of multiple drug choices being presently available, which can benefit any patient. Presently, advancements in omics technologies have opened up new possibilities to obtain novel biomarkers of different types, employing genomic strategies, epigenetics, metabolomics, transcriptomics, lipid-based analysis, protein studies, etc. Particular biomarkers for specific diseases, their prognostic capabilities, and responses to therapeutic paradigms have been applied for screening of various normal healthy, as well as diseased, tissue or serum samples, and act as appreciable tools in pharmacology and therapeutics, etc. In this review, we have summarized various biomarker types, their classification, and monitoring and detection methods and strategies. Various analytical techniques and approaches of biomarkers have also been described along with various clinically applicable biomarker sensing techniques which have been developed in the recent past. A section has also been dedicated to the latest trends in the formulation and designing of nanotechnology-based biomarker sensing and detection developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Therapeutics Research Group, Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4102, Australia
| | - Haseeb Ahsan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
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Exploring carbohydrate binding module fusions and Fab fragments in a cellulose-based lateral flow immunoassay for detection of cystatin C. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5478. [PMID: 35361862 PMCID: PMC8970072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a lateral flow assay (LFA) for the quantitative, fluorescence-based detection of the kidney biomarker cystatin C that features conjugates of capture antibodies and fusions of carbohydrate binding modules (CBM) with ZZ domains anchored on cellulose deposited over nitrocellulose (NC). The ZZ-CBM3 fusion provides a biomolecular interface between the cellulose layer and the Fc portion of the capture antibodies. By resorting to detection Fab fragments that lack the Fc portion we overcome the observed interference of full-length detection antibodies with the ZZ-CBM3 fusion at the test lines. Using the new LFA architecture, a linear concentration–response relationship was observed in the 0–10 ng/mL cystatin C concentration range, which is compatible with the clinically normal (5–120 ng/mL) and abnormal (> 250 ng/mL) levels of cystatin C, as long as proper dilutions are made. An inter assay CoV of 0.72% was obtained. Finally, mock urine samples characteristic of normal (100 ng/mL) and kidney tubular disease (4000 ng/mL) patients were successfully analyzed. Overall, we demonstrate an innovative LFA architecture that combines NC strips with layered cellulose, ZZ-CBM3 fusions and fluorescently labeled Fab fragments.
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Barbosa M, Simões H, Pinto SN, Macedo AS, Fonte P, Prazeres DMF. Fusions of a Carbohydrate Binding Module with the Small Cationic Hexapeptide RWRWRW Confer Antimicrobial Properties to Cellulose-based Materials. Acta Biomater 2022; 143:216-232. [PMID: 35257951 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a critical worldwide healthcare problem. In the specific case of wound care, new and effective alternatives to currently available solutions are urgently needed. Cellulose-based dressings, for example, could be made more attractive if rendered antimicrobial. This work proposes a new strategy to modify cellulose-based materials with the short antimicrobial hexapeptide MP196 (RWRWRW-NH2) that relies on a biomolecular recognition approach based on carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs). Specifically, we focused on the modification of hydrogels, paper, and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) with fusions of the CBM3 from Clostridium thermocellum (C. thermocellum) with derivatives of MP196. The fusions are prepared by promoting the formation of a disulfide bond between Cys-terminated derivatives of MP196 and a CBM3 that is pre-anchored in the materials. The CBM3-MP196-modified materials displayed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) that was significantly higher when compared with the activity of materials prepared by physical adsorption of MP196. The biomolecular strategy provides a more favorable orientation, exposure, and distancing of the peptide from the matrix. This versatile concept provides a toolbox for the functionalization of cellulose materials of different origins and architectures with a broad choice in peptides. Functionalization under mild biological conditions avoids further purification steps, allowing for translational research and multiple applications as drug delivery systems, scaffolds for tissue engineering and biomaterials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a critical worldwide healthcare problem. In the specific case of wound care, new and effective alternatives to currently available solutions are urgently needed. This work proposes a new strategy to modify cellulose-based materials with a short antimicrobial hexapeptide that relies on a biomolecular recognition approach based on carbohydrate binding modules. The modified materials displayed antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. The biomolecular strategy provides a favorable orientation, exposure, and distancing of the peptide from the matrix. This versatile concept offers a toolbox for the functionalization of different cellulose materials with a broad choice in peptides. Functionalization under mild biological conditions avoids further purification steps, allowing for translational research and multiple applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Barbosa
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hélvio Simões
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sandra N Pinto
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana S Macedo
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemical Sciences - Applied Chemistry Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Fonte
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; Center of Marine Sciences (CCMAR), University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Gambelas Campus, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - D Miguel F Prazeres
- iBB - Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy at Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
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Pelus A, Bordes G, Barbe S, Bouchiba Y, Burnard C, Cortés J, Enjalbert B, Esque J, Estaña A, Fauré R, Henras AK, Heux S, Le Men C, Millard P, Nouaille S, Pérochon J, Toanen M, Truan G, Verdier A, Wagner C, Romeo Y, Montanier CY. A tripartite carbohydrate-binding module to functionalize cellulose nanocrystals. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:7444-7455. [PMID: 34647546 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01156a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The development of protein and microorganism engineering have led to rising expectations of biotechnology in the design of emerging biomaterials, putatively of high interest to reduce our dependence on fossil carbon resources. In this way, cellulose, a renewable carbon based polysaccharide and derived products, displays unique properties used in many industrial applications. Although the functionalization of cellulose is common, it is however limited in terms of number and type of functions. In this work, a Carbohydrate-Binding Module (CBM) was used as a central core to provide a versatile strategy to bring a large diversity of functions to cellulose surfaces. CBM3a from Clostridium thermocellum, which has a high affinity for crystalline cellulose, was flanked through linkers with a streptavidin domain and an azide group introduced through a non-canonical amino acid. Each of these two extra domains was effectively produced and functionalized with a variety of biological and chemical molecules. Structural properties of the resulting tripartite chimeric protein were investigated using molecular modelling approaches, and its potential for the multi-functionalization of cellulose was confirmed experimentally. As a proof of concept, we show that cellulose can be labelled with a fluorescent version of the tripartite protein grafted to magnetic beads and captured using a magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angeline Pelus
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Gaëlle Bordes
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Sophie Barbe
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Younes Bouchiba
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Callum Burnard
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Juan Cortés
- LAAS-CNRS, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Brice Enjalbert
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Jeremy Esque
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Régis Fauré
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Anthony K Henras
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
| | - Stéphanie Heux
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Claude Le Men
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Pierre Millard
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | | | - Julien Pérochon
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Marion Toanen
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Gilles Truan
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Amandine Verdier
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Camille Wagner
- TBI, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, INRAE, INSA, Toulouse, France.
| | - Yves Romeo
- Molecular, Cellular and Developmental biology department (MCD), Centre de Biologie Integrative (CBI), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, 31062 Toulouse, France.
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Functionalization of Cellulose-Based Hydrogels with Bi-Functional Fusion Proteins Containing Carbohydrate-Binding Modules. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14123175. [PMID: 34207652 PMCID: PMC8227779 DOI: 10.3390/ma14123175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Materials with novel and enhanced functionalities can be obtained by modifying cellulose with a range of biomolecules. This functionalization can deliver tailored cellulose-based materials with enhanced physical and chemical properties and control of biological interactions that match specific applications. One of the foundations for the success of such biomaterials is to efficiently control the capacity to combine relevant biomolecules into cellulose materials in such a way that the desired functionality is attained. In this context, our main goal was to develop bi-functional biomolecular constructs for the precise modification of cellulose hydrogels with bioactive molecules of interest. The main idea was to use biomolecular engineering techniques to generate and purify different recombinant fusions of carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) with significant biological entities. Specifically, CBM-based fusions were designed to enable the bridging of proteins or oligonucleotides with cellulose hydrogels. The work focused on constructs that combine a family 3 CBM derived from the cellulosomal-scaffolding protein A from Clostridium thermocellum (CBM3) with the following: (i) an N-terminal green fluorescent protein (GFP) domain (GFP-CBM3); (ii) a double Z domain that recognizes IgG antibodies; and (iii) a C-terminal cysteine (CBM3C). The ability of the CBM fusions to bind and/or anchor their counterparts onto the surface of cellulose hydrogels was evaluated with pull-down assays. Capture of GFP-CBM3 by cellulose was first demonstrated qualitatively by fluorescence microscopy. The binding of the fusion proteins, the capture of antibodies (by ZZ-CBM3), and the grafting of an oligonucleotide (to CBM3C) were successfully demonstrated. The bioactive cellulose platform described here enables the precise anchoring of different biomolecules onto cellulose hydrogels and could contribute significatively to the development of advanced medical diagnostic sensors or specialized biomaterials, among others.
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Liu T, Zhang Y, Lu X, Wang P, Zhang X, Tian J, Wang Q, Song J, Jin Y, Xiao H. Binding affinity of family 4 carbohydrate binding module on cellulose films of nanocrystals and nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 251:116725. [PMID: 33142548 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The binding affinity and thermodynamics of family 4 carbohydrate-binding module (CBM4), belonging to type B CBM, on model surfaces of cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and nanofibrils (CNF) were investigated by quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) technology in real-time at different temperatures. The thermodynamic parameters associated with the interaction, such as Gibbs free energy, enthalpy change, entropy change and heat capacity were obtained using the van't Hoff analysis via a nonlinear parameter estimation. The results demonstrated CBM4 binds preferentially to both CNF and CNC, whereas the driving forces behind them were very different. The former was related to the hydrogen bonds formed in the CBM4 clefts, resulting in a favorable enthalpy but compensated by unfavorable entropy change; on the contrary, the latter was mainly driven by favorable entropy but compensated by unfavorable enthalpic change due to water rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Dinano Tech Co., Ltd., Nanjing Branch, Nanjing, 210046, China
| | - Xiaomin Lu
- Department of Forest Biomaterials, North Carolina State University, Campus Box 8005, Raleigh, NC, 27695-8005, United States
| | - Peipei Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Qingcheng Wang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Junlong Song
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China.
| | - Yongcan Jin
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources and Joint International Research Lab of Lignocellulosic Functional Materials, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, 210037, China
| | - Huining Xiao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, E3B 5A3, Canada
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Rosa AMM, Nazaré MR, Prazeres DMF. Colorimetric Detection of DNA Strands on Cellulose Microparticles Using ZZ-CBM Fusions and Gold Nanoparticles. Biotechnol J 2019; 14:e1800590. [PMID: 31144775 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201800590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid testing requires skilled personnel and expensive instrumentation. A method for the colorimetric detection of oligonucleotides that combines cellulose microparticles with biomolecular recognition is presented. DNA sequences from Trypanosoma brucei and dengue are used as model targets. Cellulose microparticles (≈20 µm) are bioactived by anchoring anti-biotin antibodies via fusions that combine a carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) with the ZZ fragment of protein A. Samples are prepared by incubating DNA probes immobilized on ≈14 nm gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with biotin-labeled targets and mixed with bioactive microparticles. The presence of unlabeled targets could also be probed by introducing a second, biotinylated DNA probe. The target:probe-AuNP hybrids are mixed with and captured by the microparticles, which change color from white to red. Depletion of AuNPs from the liquid is also signaled by a decrease in absorbance at 525 nm. It was possible to detect targets with concentrations as low as 50 n m. In the presence of noncomplementary targets, microparticles remain white and the liquid remains red. The system is able to discriminate targets with a high degree of homology (≈53%). Overall, it is demonstrated that simple systems for the visual detection of nucleic acids can be set up by combining cellulose microparticles with biomolecular recognition agents based on CBMs and AuNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M M Rosa
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria R Nazaré
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Duarte M F Prazeres
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB-Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal
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O'Donnell N, Okkelman IA, Timashev P, Gromovykh TI, Papkovsky DB, Dmitriev RI. Cellulose-based scaffolds for fluorescence lifetime imaging-assisted tissue engineering. Acta Biomater 2018; 80:85-96. [PMID: 30261339 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative measurement of pH and metabolite gradients by microscopy is one of the challenges in the production of scaffold-grown organoids and multicellular aggregates. Herein, we used the cellulose-binding domain (CBD) of the Cellulomonas fimi CenA protein for designing biosensor scaffolds that allow measurement of pH and Ca2+ gradients by fluorescence intensity and lifetime imaging (FLIM) detection modes. By fusing CBD with pH-sensitive enhanced cyan fluorescent protein (CBD-ECFP), we achieved efficient labeling of cellulose-based scaffolds based on nanofibrillar, bacterial cellulose, and decellularized plant materials. CBD-ECFP bound to the cellulose matrices demonstrated pH sensitivity comparable to untagged ECFP (1.9-2.3 ns for pH 6-8), thus making it compatible with FLIM-based analysis of extracellular pH. By using 3D culture of human colon cancer cells (HCT116) and adult stem cell-derived mouse intestinal organoids, we evaluated the utility of the produced biosensor scaffold. CBD-ECFP was sensitive to increases in extracellular acidification: the results showed a decline in 0.2-0.4 pH units in response to membrane depolarization by the protonophore FCCP. With the intestinal organoid model, we demonstrated multiparametric imaging by combining extracellular acidification (FLIM) with phosphorescent probe-based monitoring of cell oxygenation. The described labeling strategy allows for the design of extracellular pH-sensitive scaffolds for multiparametric FLIM assays and their use in engineered live cancer and stem cell-derived tissues. Collectively, this research can help in achieving the controlled biofabrication of 3D tissue models with known metabolic characteristics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We designed biosensors consisting of a cellulose-binding domain (CBD) and pH- and Ca2+-sensitive fluorescent proteins. CBD-tagged biosensors efficiently label various types of cellulose matrices including nanofibrillar cellulose and decellularized plant materials. Hybrid biosensing cellulose scaffolds designed in this study were successfully tested by multiparameter FLIM microscopy in 3D cultures of cancer cells and mouse intestinal organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil O'Donnell
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Irina A Okkelman
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Peter Timashev
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Institute of Photonic Technologies, Research Center 'Crystallography and Photonics', Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatyana I Gromovykh
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitri B Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Ruslan I Dmitriev
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Institute for Regenerative Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State University, Moscow, Russian Federation.
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Vasimalai N, Fernández-Argüelles MT, Espiña B. Detection of Sulfide Using Mercapto Tetrazine-Protected Fluorescent Gold Nanodots: Preparation of Paper-Based Testing Kit for On-Site Monitoring. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:1634-1645. [PMID: 29271189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b11769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This work demonstrates the development of a highly sensitive method to detect and quantify sulfide ions (S2-) in water samples. First, we synthesized 6-mercapto-s-triazolo(4,3-b)-s-tetrazine (MTT) by the reaction between formaldehyde and 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole at room temperature. The synthetic MTT was used as a capping ligand for the synthesis of gold nanodots (AuNDs) via a one-pot green method at room temperature with only a 10 min reaction time. Transmission electron microscopy images exhibited that the MTT-AuNDs have an average particle size of 1.9 nm and an emission maximum at 672 nm upon excitation at 360 nm. The synthesized highly red emissive MTT-AuNDs are used as specific fluorescent probes for the detection of S2-. The fluorescence of MTT-AuNDs was significantly and dose-dependently quenched by the addition of S2-. The observed fluorescence quenching was ascribed to the formation of an Au2S complex, which was determined by Raman and mass spectroscopy. A good linearity was achieved for the increasing concentration of S2- from 870 nM to 16 μM, and the detection limit was found to be 2 nM (S/N = 3). The S2- detection system that is described in this study was validated and agreed well with the standard methylene blue method. Furthermore, the present sensor was examined for its use in quantifying S2- in real water samples obtained from lakes and rivers. In addition, the specificity was checked against the most likely ion interferences in real water. Moreover, a cost-effective and viable paper-based S2- sensor was fabricated for environmental monitoring based on the use of MTT-AuNDs. The developed system would be an environmentally friendly and easy-to-use detection device for S2- in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagamalai Vasimalai
- Life Sciences Department, INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
| | | | - Begoña Espiña
- Life Sciences Department, INL-International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory , Av. Mestre José Veiga, 4715-330 Braga, Portugal
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