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Sun H, Liu J, Xiao P, Zhou Y, Li H, Shen M, Sun K, Wang X, Zhou M, Song D. Epitope mapping of antibodies in C-reactive protein assay kits by hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry explains differential results across kits. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3875-3884. [PMID: 35389096 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04029-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
C-Reactive protein (CRP) is an important marker for in vitro diagnosis (IVD) of inflammation. However, CRP immunoturbidimetric kits from different manufacturers exhibit inconsistency in evaluation, making clinical diagnosis challenging. The use of immunological methods in diagnosis means that the differences in epitopes across kits may directly lead to inconsistent results. Therefore, to provide consistent results, it is essential to perform epitope mapping of different kits. The composition of antibodies in a single kit is typically complex, with a combination of polyclonal antibodies or monoclonal antibodies. Here, we show an epitope screening strategy for complex antibodies in a kit based on hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS). We applied this workflow to successfully map the epitopes for three kits from three different manufacturers and compared their quantitative results. We obtained different quantitative results using kits from different manufacturers upon epitope mapping, confirming the correlation between the quantitative results and the epitopes. Thus, we have established a workflow based on HDX-MS to screen epitopes in IVD kits. This work helps determine the quantitative accuracy of a kit based on structural information, can guide the design and production of IVD reagents, and further improves the accuracy of IVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Sun
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.,School of Chemical and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, 210094, China
| | - Jianyi Liu
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min Shen
- Reference Laboratory, Medical System Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Ningbo, 315104, China
| | - Keqi Sun
- Reference System Department, Maccura Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Chengdu, 611713, China
| | - Xiaojian Wang
- Reference Laboratory, Beijing Strong Biotechnologies, Inc., Beijing, 101400, Huairou, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Chemical and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
| | - Dewei Song
- Division of Chemical Metrology and Analytical Science, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Sun H, Ma L, Wang L, Xiao P, Li H, Zhou M, Song D. Research advances in hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry for protein epitope mapping. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:2345-2359. [PMID: 33404742 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
With the development of biomedical technology, epitope mapping of proteins has become critical for developing and evaluating new protein drugs. The application of hydrogen-deuterium exchange for protein epitope mapping holds great potential. Although several reviews addressed the hydrogen-deuterium exchange, to date, only a few systematic reviews have focused on epitope mapping using this technology. Here, we introduce the basic principles, development history, and review research progress in hydrogen-deuterium exchange epitope mapping technology and discuss its advantages. We summarize the main hurdles in applying hydrogen-deuterium exchange epitope mapping technology, combined with relevant examples to provide specific solutions. We describe the epitope mapping of virus assemblies, disease-associated proteins, and polyclonal antibodies as examples of pattern introduction. Finally, we discuss the outlook of hydrogen-deuterium exchange epitope mapping technology. This review will help researchers studying protein epitopes to gain a more comprehensive understanding of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Sun
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Lingyun Ma
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Leyu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Hongmei Li
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Min Zhou
- School of Chemical and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Jiangsu, 210094, China.
| | - Dewei Song
- National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Bhandari D, Chen FC, Hamal S, Bridgman RC. Kinetic Analysis and Epitope Mapping of Monoclonal Antibodies to Salmonella Typhimurium Flagellin Using a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor. Antibodies (Basel) 2019; 8:antib8010022. [PMID: 31544828 PMCID: PMC6640700 DOI: 10.3390/antib8010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella Typhimurium is one of the leading causes of foodborne diseases worldwide. Biosensors and immunoassays utilizing monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the detection and subtyping of S. Typhimurium. However, due to insufficient information on the nature of binding with S. Typhimurium flagellin, the selection of appropriate antibodies for assay development is a cumbersome task. Hence, we aimed to compare the binding kinetics of a panel of monoclonal antibodies and their relative binding sites to flagellin antigen using a surface plasmon resonance biosensor. Initially, the flagellin was captured on the sensor surface through an immobilized anti-flagellin antibody. The interactions of different concentrations of monoclonal antibodies to flagellin were determined, and binding curves were fitted using 1:1 bio-interaction model to calculate the kinetic parameters. For epitope mapping, pairwise comparisons were completed to determine the binding inhibition of each paired combination of monoclonal antibodies. It was found that these monoclonal antibodies differed significantly (p < 0.05) in association rate, dissociation rate, and equilibrium dissociation constants. Of the five monoclonal antibodies, only two interfered with the binding of each other. Four distinct epitopes located within a 23 kDa domain of flagellin were identified. Findings from this study provide crucial information needed for the further development and optimization of biosensors and other immunoassays for the detection and subtyping of Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Bhandari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Fur-Chi Chen
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
| | - Shreya Hamal
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
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