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Guo S, He F, Hu S, Zong W, Liu R. Novel evidence on iodoacetic acid-induced immune protein functional and conformational changes: Focusing on cellular and molecular aspects. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169359. [PMID: 38103599 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of iodide occur in raw water in certain regions, where iodination disinfection byproducts are formed during chloramine-assisted disinfection of naturally iodide-containing water. Iodoacetic acid (IAA) is one of the typical harmful products. The mechanisms underlying IAA-induced immunotoxicity and its direct effects on biomolecules remained unclear in the past. Cellular, biochemical, and molecular methods were used to investigate the mechanism of IAA-induced immunotoxicity and its binding to lysozyme. In the presence of IAA, the cell viability of coelomocytes was significantly reduced to 70.8 %, as was the intracellular lysozyme activity. Upon binding to IAA, lysozyme underwent structural and conformational changes, causing elongation and unfolding of the protein due to loosening of the backbone and polypeptide chains. IAA effectively quenched the fluorescence of lysozyme and induced a reduction in particle sizes. Molecular docking revealed that the catalytic residue, Glu 35, which is crucial for lysozyme activity, resided within the docking range, suggesting the preferential binding of IAA to the active site of lysozyme. Moreover, electrostatic interaction emerged as the primary driving force behind the interaction between IAA and lysozyme. In conclusion, the structural and conformational changes induced by IAA in lysozyme resulted in impaired immune protein function in coelomocytes, leading to cellular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuqi Guo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Wansong Zong
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, 88# East Wenhua Road, Jinan, Shandong 250014, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong Province, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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Pan X, Yu XZ, Qin P. Effects of two food colorants on catalase and trypsin: Binding evidences from experimental and computational analysis. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 297:122702. [PMID: 37054570 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, growing concern has been paid to the toxicity of additives in food. The present study investigated the interaction of two commonly used food colorants, quinoline yellow (QY) and sunset yellow (SY), with catalase and trypsin under physiological conditions by fluorescence, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), ultraviolet-vis absorption, synchronous fluorescence techniques as well as molecular docking. Based on the fluorescence spectra and ITC data, both QY and SY could significantly quench the intrinsic fluorescence of catalase or trypsin spontaneously to form a moderate complex driven by different forces. Additionally, the thermodynamics results demonstrated QY bind more tightly to both catalase and trypsin than SY, suggesting QY poses more of a threat to two enzymes than SY. Furthermore, the binding of two colorants could not only lead to the conformational and microenvironmental alterations of both catalase and trypsin, but also inhibit the activity of two enzymes. This study provides an important reference for understanding the biological transportation of synthetic food colorants in vivo, and enhancing their risk assessment on food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingren Pan
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Linyi University, Shandong Province, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276005, PR China
| | - Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541004, PR China.
| | - Pengfei Qin
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Water and Soil Conservation and Environmental Protection, School of Resource and Environmental Sciences, Linyi University, Shandong Province, Shuangling Road, Linyi 276005, PR China.
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Li X, He F, Hu S, Sun N, Huo C, Liu R. The culprits of superoxide dismutase inactivation under size-dependent stress of ultrafine carbon black: Superoxide anion, genotoxicity and protein corona. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160770. [PMID: 36502967 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a critical component of atmospheric ultrafine particulates, ultrafine carbon black (UFCB) brings great exposure risk to organisms. At present, the action pathway and activity regulation mechanism of UFCB on functional proteins in vivo are not clear, and the size-dependent effects of UFCB during this process need to be elucidated. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), one of the most applied biomarkers to assess the environmental impact of pollutants, plays crucial roles in resistance to oxidative stress. Here, based on the inactivation of SOD (84.79 %, 86.81 % and 91.70 %) in primary mouse hepatocytes exposed to UFCB (13 nm, 50 nm and 95 nm), oxidative stress, genotoxicity and protein molecular studies were employed to elucidate the inactivation mechanisms. Results showed that inhibition of UFCB-mediated superoxide anion (O2-) contributed to a decrease in SOD activity. Furthermore, the significant increase in 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine content and the comet tail formation indicated the occurrence of DNA damage, supporting that concomitant aberrant transcriptional and protein translational under gene regulation should be responsible for SOD inactivation. At the molecular level, the constricted backbone, reduced content of α-helix and fluorescence sensitization all demonstrated that the attachment-type binding of SOD on UFCB to form the 'protein corona' disrupted protein structure. Enzyme activity assays indicated that SOD backbone tightening and helix decay resulted in decreased activity, which should be another reason for intracellular SOD inactivation. More importantly, the particle sizes of UFCB exert powerful influences on SOD inactivation mechanisms. Smaller UFCB (13 nm) induced more severe O2- inhibition and DNA damage, while UFCB50nm with the best dispersity bound more SOD and induced stronger molecular toxicity, which are their different strengths in stressing SOD inactivation in hepatocytes. Our findings provide novel insights for exploring functional proteins activity and underscore a potentially size-dependent risk of nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shaoyang Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Ning Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Chenqian Huo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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Khayyat AIA, Zargar S, Wani TA, Rehman MU, Khan AA. Association Mechanism and Conformational Changes in Trypsin on Its Interaction with Atrazine: A Multi- Spectroscopic and Biochemical Study with Computational Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105636. [PMID: 35628445 PMCID: PMC9146720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrazine (ATR) is a herbicide globally used to eliminate undesired weeds. Herbicide usage leads to various adverse effects on human health and the environment. The primary source of herbicides in humans is the food laced with the herbicides. The ATR binding to trypsin (TYP) was investigated in this study to explore its binding potential and toxicity. In vitro interaction of ATR with TYP was studied using multi-spectroscopic methods, molecular docking, and enzyme kinetics to explore the mechanism of binding for the TYP-ATR system. The TYP-ATR complex revealed binding constants (103 M-1), suggesting a moderate binding. The free energy for the TYP-ATR complexes was negative, suggesting a spontaneous interaction. Thermodynamic parameters enthalpy (ΔH) and entropy (ΔS) obtained positive values for the TYP-ATR system suggesting hydrophobic interactions in the binding process. Micro-environmental and conformational changes in TYP molecules were induced on interaction with ATR. Reduced catalytic activity of TYP was observed after interaction with ATR owing to the changes in the secondary structure of the TYP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Ishaq A. Khayyat
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Seema Zargar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (T.A.W.)
| | - Tanveer A. Wani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (S.Z.); (T.A.W.)
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Li X, Chu S, Song Z, He F, Cui Z, Liu R. Discrepancy of apoptotic events in mouse hepatocytes and catalase performance: Size-dependent cellular and molecular toxicity of ultrafine carbon black. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 421:126781. [PMID: 34396976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The diversification of the production process and application of ultrafine carbon black (UFCB), one of the nanomaterials, make the difference in particle sizes that exposed to environment. Currently, few size-dependent toxicity studies of UFCB pay attention to targeted effects on detoxification organs. And there is a research gap in the size-dependent molecular toxicity of UFCB. Based on this, mouse hepatocytes and catalase (CAT) were used as targeted receptors for UFCB size-dependent cellular and molecular toxicity studies. Results indicate that UFCB13 nm induced higher ROS and lipid peroxidation levels. And the cell viability decreased to 22.5%, which is sharp contrast to UFCB50 nm (45.3%) and UFCB95 nm (55.1%). Mitochondrial dysfunction and a 25.2% early apoptosis rate are the further manifestation of the stronger cytotoxicity of UFCB13 nm. At the molecular level, the exposure of UFCB with better dispersity resulted in more significant changes in the CAT backbone and secondary structure, fluorescence sensitization and enzyme function inhibition. The combined experiments show that the cellular uptake and dispersity of UFCB are the dominating factors for the discrepancy in size-dependent cellular and molecular toxicity, respectively. This study provides a theoretical basis for the necessary circumvention and substitution of UFCB in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Shanshan Chu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Zhaosheng Song
- Jining Ecological Environment Technology Guarantee Center, D301 Jining Provincial Games Command Center, 272000 PR China
| | - Falin He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Zhihan Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China
| | - Rutao Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, China-America CRC for Environment & Health, Shandong University, 72# Jimo Binhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, PR China.
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