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Liu YJ, Lee YH, Chang HC, Chiu HC, Chiu TW, Hsu K, Pen CM, Hsu HH, Juan CJ. Proton change of parotid glands after gustatory stimulation examined by magnetic resonance imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31:e3885. [PMID: 29315960 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate proton changes of the parotid gland after gustatory stimulation by semi-quantitative parameters and an empirical mathematical model (EMM) using high-temporal-resolution, double-echo, echo-planar imaging (EPI). Approved by a local institutional review board, this study examined 20 parotid glands from 10 healthy volunteers (male:female = 6: 4; age ± standard deviation =35.1 ± 14.1 years) with written informed consent obtained. All participants underwent 1.5-T, double-echo EPI with gustatory stimulation. Semi-quantitative parameters, including maximal drop ratio (MDR), time to peak (TTP), drop slope (DS), recovery slope (RS) and recovery ratio (RR), were calculated. The effect of temporal resolution on parotid functional parameters was evaluated. An EMM comprising an output function ( Sot=Aoe-kot+B) and an input function ( Sint=Ain1-e-kint) was also applied to fit all dynamic curves. Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon test, linear regression analysis and goodness of fit were used for statistical analysis. p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. The signal intensity dropped significantly after gustatory stimulation on the proton density (PD) image (p < 0.01). MDR was 8.26% in the PD image. MDR and RR were negatively associated with time interval, whereas DS and TTP were significantly positively associated with time interval (all p < 0.05). EMM parametric values derived from PD-time curves of parotid glands were 12.04 ± 6.81%, 6.43 ± 4.23 min-1 , 88.73 ± 6.18%, 8.41 ± 4.86 min-1 and 1.09 ± 1.35 for Ao , ko , B, Ain and kin , respectively. Semi-quantitative functional parameters and EMM parameters using high-temporal-resolution, double-echo EPI allow the quantification of parotid proton changes after gustatory stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jui Liu
- Department of Automatic Control Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Hsiung Lee
- PhD Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hing-Chiu Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hui-Chu Chiu
- PhD Program of Technology Management, Chung Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ta-Wei Chiu
- Department of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kang Hsu
- Department of Dentistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Cheng-Ming Pen
- PhD Program in Electrical and Communication Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Da Vinci Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsian-He Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Jung Juan
- Department of Radiology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Radiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Chu C, Zhou N, Zhang H, Dou X, Li M, Liu S, Zhu Y, Chen W, Chan Q, He J, Sun L, Zhou Z. Use of T1ρMR imaging in Sjögren's syndrome with normal appearing parotid glands: Initial findings. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 45:1005-1012. [PMID: 27726238 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the feasibility of parotid spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame (T1ρ) MR imaging in the diagnosis of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) without morphological changes of the parotid glands. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study enrolled 32 consecutive SS patients without morphological changes of parotid glands and 32 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers who underwent parotid 3.0 Tesla MR imaging, including T1ρ sequences. Follow-up imaging was performed at 3 months. T1 signal intensities and T1ρ values of bilateral parotid glands were compared using paired samples t-test. Parotid T1 signal intensities and T1ρ values were compared using two independent samples t-test. Diagnostic performance of the parotid T1ρ values was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated to evaluate the reproducibility of parotid T1ρ measurements. RESULTS There were no significant differences of T1 signal intensities and T1ρ values between bilateral parotid glands in SS patients and healthy volunteers (P = 0.170, 0.886 and 0.942, 0.229). The parotid T1ρ values of SS patients (96.47 ± 15.38 ms) were significantly higher than those of healthy volunteers (84.25 ± 6.11 ms) (P < 0.001), while there were no significant differences of T1 signal intensities between SS patients and healthy volunteers (P = 0.655). With a cutoff value of 88.02 ms, the sensitivity and specificity of the parotid T1ρ value was 75.0% and 100.0% in the diagnosis of SS. The reproducibility of parotid T1ρ measurement was excellent (ICC: 0.934-0.995). CONCLUSION Parotid T1ρ MR imaging held a potential role in diagnosing SS without morphological changes of parotid glands. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;45:1005-1012.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Huayong Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Dou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Jian He
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lingyun Sun
- Department of Rheumatology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengyang Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
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Chiu TW, Liu YJ, Chang HC, Lee YH, Lee JC, Hsu K, Wang CW, Yang JM, Hsu HH, Juan CJ. Evaluating Instantaneous Perfusion Responses of Parotid Glands to Gustatory Stimulation Using High-Temporal-Resolution Echo-Planar Diffusion-Weighted Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:1909-1915. [PMID: 27339952 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Parotid glands secrete and empty saliva into the oral cavity rapidly after gustatory stimulation. However, the role of the temporal resolution of DWI in investigating parotid gland function remains uncertain. Our aim was to design a high-temporal-resolution echo-planar DWI pulse sequence and to evaluate the instantaneous MR perfusion responses of the parotid glands to gustatory stimulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS This prospective study enrolled 21 healthy volunteers (M/F = 2:1; mean age, 45.2 ± 12.9 years). All participants underwent echo-planar DWI (total scan time, 304 seconds; temporal resolution, 4 s/scan) on a 1.5T MR imaging scanner. T2WI (b = 0 s/mm2) and DWI (b = 200 s/mm2) were qualitatively assessed. Signal intensity of the parotid glands on T2WI, DWI, and ADC was quantitatively analyzed. One-way ANOVA with post hoc group comparisons with Bonferroni correction was used for statistical analysis. P < .05 was statistically significant. RESULTS Almost perfect interobserver agreement was achieved (κ ≥ 0.656). The parotid glands had magnetic susceptibility artifacts in 14.3% (3 of 21) of volunteers during swallowing on DWI but were free from perceptible artifacts at the baseline and at the end of scans on all images. Increased ADC and reduced signal intensity of the parotid glands on T2WI and DWI occurred immediately after oral administration of lemon juice. Maximal signal change of ADC (24.8% ± 10.8%) was significantly higher than that of T2WI (-10.1% ± 5.2%, P < .001). The recovery ratio of ADC (100.71% ± 42.34%) was also significantly higher than that of T2WI (22.36% ± 15.54%, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS Instantaneous parotid perfusion responses to gustatory stimulation can be quantified by ADC by using high-temporal-resolution echo-planar DWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- T-W Chiu
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.-W.C., C.-W.W., H.-H.H., C.-J.J.)
- Department of Medicine (T.-W.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-J Liu
- Department of Medicine (T.-W.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - H-C Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (H.-C.C.), The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y-H Lee
- Department of Medicine (T.-W.C.), Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-C Lee
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (J.-C.L.), Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology (J.-C.L., J.-M.Y.), Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - K Hsu
- Dentistry (K.H.), National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-W Wang
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.-W.C., C.-W.W., H.-H.H., C.-J.J.)
- Department of Radiology (C.-W.W., H.-H.H., C.-J.J.), Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - J-M Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology (J.-C.L., J.-M.Y.), Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - H-H Hsu
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.-W.C., C.-W.W., H.-H.H., C.-J.J.)
- Department of Radiology (C.-W.W., H.-H.H., C.-J.J.), Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C-J Juan
- From the Departments of Radiology (T.-W.C., C.-W.W., H.-H.H., C.-J.J.)
- Department of Radiology (C.-W.W., H.-H.H., C.-J.J.), Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Clark HD, Moiseenko VV, Rackley TP, Thomas SD, Wu JS, Reinsberg SA. Development of a method for functional aspect identification in parotid using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and concurrent stimulation. Acta Oncol 2015; 54:1686-90. [PMID: 26252349 DOI: 10.3109/0284186x.2015.1067718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haley D Clark
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada
- b Department of Medical Physics , British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Vitali V Moiseenko
- c Department of Medicine and Applied Sciences , University of California , San Diego, La Jolla, California , USA
| | - Thomas P Rackley
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Steven D Thomas
- b Department of Medical Physics , British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Jonn S Wu
- d Department of Radiation Oncology , British Columbia Cancer Agency , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada
| | - Stefan A Reinsberg
- a Department of Physics and Astronomy , University of British Columbia , Vancouver, British Columbia , Canada
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Detection of renal allograft rejection using blood oxygen level-dependent and diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging: a retrospective study. BMC Nephrol 2014; 15:158. [PMID: 25270976 PMCID: PMC4192395 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2369-15-158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute rejection (AR) and acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are main causes of early renal allograft dysfunction. Blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance imaging (BOLD MRI) and Diffusion weighted (DW) MRI can provide valuable information about changes of oxygen bioavailability and water diffusion by measuring R2* or apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) respectively. We aimed to determine the value of BOLD MRI and DW MRI in detecting causes for early allograft dysfunction in renal allograft recipients. METHODS Fifty patients received renal allografts from deceased donors were analyzed, including 35 patients with normal renal function (control group), 10 AR patients and 5 ATN patients. Cortical R2* (CR2*) and medullary R2* (MR2*) were measured by BOLD MRI. Ten diffusion gradient b values (0, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, 400, 800, 1200s/mm2) were used in DW MRI. ADC values were measured in renal cortex (CADC) and medulla (MADC). CADCl and MADCl were measured under low b values (b ≤ 200 s/mm2), while CADCh and MADCh were measured under high b values (b > 200 s/mm2). RESULTS MR2* was significantly lower in AR group (18.2 ± 1.5/s) than control group (23.8 ± 5.0/s, p = 0.001) and ATN group (25.8 ± 5.0/s, p = 0.004). There was a tendency of lower levels on CADCl, MADCl, CADCh or MADCh in AR group than in control group. There were no differences on ADC values between AR group and ATN group. CONCLUSIONS BOLD MRI was a valuable method in detection of renal allografts with acute rejection.
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Reliability and convergent validity of different BOLD MRI frameworks for data acquisition in experimental arthritis. Acad Radiol 2011; 18:615-25. [PMID: 21419665 DOI: 10.1016/j.acra.2010.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES The clinimetric properties of blood oxygen level‒dependent (BOLD) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessment of musculoskeletal changes have been poorly investigated. The study objectives were to assess the interframework reliability of data acquisition of BOLD MRI and to test its convergent validity in chronic arthritis in a rabbit model of inflammatory arthritis as compared with corresponding clinical and laboratory measures. MATERIALS AND METHODS One of the knees of 12 New Zealand male white rabbits was injected with a 1% carrageenin solution, and the contralateral (control) one was not. Twelve rabbits were euthanized on day 28 of arthritis (chronic arthritis). Clinical (joint diameters), laboratory (serum amyloid A concentration), and BOLD MRI measurements were obtained on days 0, 1, and 28 of arthritis. Twenty paradigms of data acquisition and analysis were applied. RESULTS The most reliable MRI parameters set, regardless of threshold values used for data analysis, was spiral technique (level 1), 40 ms of echo time (level 2), 60 seconds of on_ and off_ paradigm (level 3) and carbogen mixture of gases (95% O2 + 5% CO2) (level 4). With regard to construct validity, BOLD imaging correlated moderately (r = -.54, P < .0001) with knee diameters, and weakly (r = -.35, P = .01) with laboratory indices (high threshold for analysis). CONCLUSION BOLD MRI has a substantial or excellent interframework reliability for assessment of arthritic rabbit knees; however, it correlates only moderately or poorly with clinical and laboratory measures. Nevertheless, this study supports further validation of BOLD MRI for assessment of soft tissue changes in a rabbit model of arthritis.
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Sato H, Obata AN, Moda I, Ozaki K, Yasuhara T, Yamamoto Y, Kiguchi M, Maki A, Kubota K, Koizumi H. Application of near-infrared spectroscopy to measurement of hemodynamic signals accompanying stimulated saliva secretion. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS 2011; 16:047002. [PMID: 21529092 DOI: 10.1117/1.3565048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We aim to test the feasibility of using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for indirect measurement of human saliva secretion in response to taste stimuli for potential application to organoleptic testing. We use an NIRS system to measure extracranial hemodynamics (Hb-signals around the temples) of healthy participants when taste stimuli are taken in their mouths. First, the Hb-signals and volume of expelled saliva (stimulated by distilled-water or sucrose-solution intake) are simultaneously measured and large Hb-signal changes in response to the taste stimuli (Hb-responses) are found. Statistical analysis show that both the Hb response and saliva volume are larger for the sucrose solution than for the distilled water with a significant correlation between them (r = 0.81). The effects of swallowing on the Hb-signals are investigated. Similar Hb responses, differing from the sucrose solution and distilled water, are obtained even though the participants swallow the mouth contents. Finally, functional magnetic resonance imaging is used to identify possible sources of the Hb signals corresponding to salivation. Statistical analysis indicates similar responses in the extracranial regions, mainly around the middle meningeal artery. In conclusion, the identified correlation between extracranial hemodynamics and the saliva volume suggests that NIRS is applicable to the measurement of hemodynamic signals accompanying stimulated saliva secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Sato
- Hitachi, Ltd, Advanced Research Laboratory, 2520 Akanuma, Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
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Wedegärtner U, Popovych S, Yamamura J, Kooijman H, Adam G. DeltaR2* in fetal sheep brains during hypoxia: MR imaging at 3.0 T versus that at 1.5 T. Radiology 2009; 252:394-400. [PMID: 19546425 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2522080844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the feasibility of fetal blood oxygen level-dependent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging at 1.5 T and to compare DeltaR2* in the brains of fetal sheep during hypoxia at 3.0 T with that at 1.5 T. MATERIALS AND METHODS All experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the local authorities on animal protection. Between January 2006 and May 2006, fetal brain measurements were performed in eight pregnant ewes with 1.5-T and 3.0-T MR imaging units after fetal paralysis was achieved by administering pancuronium bromide. With both imaging units, a T2*-weighted single-shot gradient-echo echo-planar imaging sequence (echo time, 30 msec at 3.0 T and 50 msec at 1.5 T) was used to measure T2* signal changes (DeltaR2*) in the fetal brain in control conditions and during hypoxia (maternal oxygenation, 50%-70%). A carotid catheter was placed and maintained in the fetuses to enable measurement of the fetal arterial oxygen saturation (SaO(2)). DeltaR2* was correlated with fetal SaO(2), and linear regression analysis was performed. A paired t test was used to evaluate differences, with a significance level of P < .05. RESULTS At both field strengths, a signal intensity decrease on T2*-weighted images during hypoxia was detected. At 1.5 T, mean fetal SaO(2) was reduced from 65.4% +/- 9.2 (standard deviation) during control conditions to 17.7% +/- 6.2 during hypoxia. DeltaR2* and fetal SaO(2) correlated significantly (r = 0.98, P = .018). At 3.0 T, fetal SaO(2) was reduced from 62.4% +/- 7.5 during control conditions to 18% +/- 7.5 during hypoxia. DeltaR2* and fetal SaO(2) also correlated significantly (r = 0.95, P = .012). A linear fit resulted in a slope value of 0.084 +/- 0.003 for 1.5 T and 0.166 +/- 0.016 for 3.0 T. This means a doubled sensitivity of DeltaR2* for oxygen saturation variations at 3.0 T compared with 1.5 T. CONCLUSION MR imaging at 3.0 T is more sensitive than that at 1.5 T in the detection of DeltaR2* in the fetal brain during hypoxia. However, there was a signal decrease in the fetal brain in all 1.5-T experiments during hypoxia. Thus it is possible to measure fetal DeltaR2* at 1.5 T, which may be of more practical relevance for the evaluation of pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Wedegärtner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
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