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Mukherjee A, Bisht B, Dutta S, Paul MK. Current advances in the use of exosomes, liposomes, and bioengineered hybrid nanovesicles in cancer detection and therapy. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:2759-2776. [PMID: 35379933 PMCID: PMC9622806 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-022-00902-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Three major approaches of cancer therapy can be enunciated as delivery of biotherapeutics, tumor image analysis, and immunotherapy. Liposomes, artificial fat bubbles, are long known for their capacity to encapsulate a diverse range of bioactive molecules and release the payload in a sustained, stimuli-responsive manner. They have already been widely explored as a delivery vehicle for therapeutic drugs as well as imaging agents. They are also extensively being used in cancer immunotherapy. On the other hand, exosomes are naturally occurring nanosized extracellular vesicles that serve an important role in cell-cell communication. Importantly, the exosomes also have proven their capability to carry an array of active pharmaceuticals and diagnostic molecules to the tumor cells. Exosomes, being enriched with tumor antigens, have numerous immunomodulatory effects. Much to our intrigue, in recent times, efforts have been directed toward developing smart, bioengineered, exosome-liposome hybrid nanovesicles, which are augmented by the benefits of both vesicular systems. This review attempts to summarize the contemporary developments in the use of exosome and liposome toward cancer diagnosis, therapy, as a vehicle for drug delivery, diagnostic carrier for tumor imaging, and cancer immunotherapy. We shall also briefly reflect upon the recent advancements of the exosome-liposome hybrids in cancer therapy. Finally, we put forward future directions for the use of exosome/liposome and/or hybrid nanocarriers for accurate diagnosis and personalized therapies for cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharti Bisht
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Suman Dutta
- International Institute of Innovation and Technology, New Town, Kolkata, 700156, India
| | - Manash K Paul
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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Silindir-Gunay M, Karpuz M, Ozer AY. Targeted Alpha Therapy and Nanocarrier Approach. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2020; 35:446-458. [DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2019.3213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Silindir-Gunay
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Merve Karpuz
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - A. Yekta Ozer
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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El-Sawy HS, Al-Abd AM, Ahmed TA, El-Say KM, Torchilin VP. Stimuli-Responsive Nano-Architecture Drug-Delivery Systems to Solid Tumor Micromilieu: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives. ACS NANO 2018; 12:10636-10664. [PMID: 30335963 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b06104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The microenvironment characteristics of solid tumors, renowned as barriers that harshly impeded many drug-delivery approaches, were precisely studied, investigated, categorized, divided, and subdivided into a complex diverse of barriers. These categories were further studied with a particular perspective, which makes all barriers found in solid-tumor micromilieu turn into different types of stimuli, and were considered triggers that can increase and hasten drug-release targeting efficacy. This review gathers data concerning the nature of solid-tumor micromilieu. Past research focused on the treatment of such tumors, the recent efforts employed for engineering smart nanoarchitectures with the utilization of the specified stimuli categories, the possibility of combining more than one stimuli for much-greater targeting enhancement, examples of the approved nanoarchitectures that already translated clinically as well as the obstacles faced by the use of these nanostructures, and, finally, an overview of the possible future implementations of smart-chemical engineering for the design of more-efficient drug delivery and theranostic systems and for making nanosystems with a much-higher level of specificity and penetrability features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossam S El-Sawy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Egyptian Russian University , Badr City , Cairo 63514 , Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Al-Abd
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , Gulf Medical University , Ajman , United Arab Emirates
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Division , National Research Centre , Giza 12622 , Egypt
| | - Tarek A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo 11651 , Egypt
| | - Khalid M El-Say
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy , King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589 , Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo 11651 , Egypt
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine , Northeastern University , 140 The Fenway, Room 211/214, 360 Huntington Aveue , Boston , Massachusetts 02115 , United States
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Guo C, Sun L, Cai H, Duan Z, Zhang S, Gong Q, Luo K, Gu Z. Gadolinium-Labeled Biodegradable Dendron-Hyaluronic Acid Hybrid and Its Subsequent Application as a Safe and Efficient Magnetic Resonance Imaging Contrast Agent. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:23508-23519. [PMID: 28656751 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b06496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Novel magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents with high sensitivity and good biocompatibility are required for the diagnosis of cancer. Herein, we prepared and characterized the gadolinium [Gd(III)]-labeled peptide dendron-hyaluronic acid (HA) conjugate-based hybrid (dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd) by combining the advantages of HA and the peptide dendron. The dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid with 3.8% Gd(III) as weight percentage showed a negative zeta potential (-35 mV). The in vitro degradation results indicated that the dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid degraded into products with low molecular weights in the presence of hyaluronidase. The dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid showed a 3-fold increase in longitudinal relaxivity and much higher in vivo signal enhancement in 4T1 breast tumors of mice compared with clinical Magnevist (Gd-DTPA). The dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid had a higher accumulation in tumors than Gd-DTPA; it was 2-3-fold after administration. Meanwhile, the polymeric hybrid resulted in low Gd(III) residue in the body compared with that of Gd-DTPA. The systematic biosafety evaluations, including blood compatibility and toxicity assessments, suggested that the dendronized-HA-DOTA-Gd hybrid exhibited good biocompatibility. Thus, the gadolinium-labeled and dendronized HA hybrid shows promise as a safe and efficient macromolecular MRI contrast agent based on high sensitivity, low residue content in the body, and good biosafety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Guo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Ling Sun
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Hao Cai
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhenyu Duan
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shiyong Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Kui Luo
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610064, China
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Zhang LX, Li KF, Wang H, Gu MJ, Liu LS, Zheng ZZ, Han NY, Yang ZJ, Fan TY. Preparation and In Vitro Evaluation of a MRI Contrast Agent Based on Aptamer-Modified Gadolinium-Loaded Liposomes for Tumor Targeting. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1564-1571. [PMID: 27604884 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0600-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to prepare aptamer-modified liposomes loaded with gadolinium (Gd) to enhance the effective diagnosis for tumor by MRI. A modified GBI-10 (GBI-10m) was used to prepare targeted liposomes (GmLs). Liposomes with GBI-10 aptamer (GLs) and without aptamer (non-targeted liposomes (NLs)) were also prepared as controls. The particle size and zeta potential of GmLs, GLs, and NLs were all assayed. A clinical 3.0 T MR scanner was employed to assess the imaging efficiency and measure the longitudinal relaxivity (r 1) of the above liposomes. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry were used to analyze and compare the targeting effects of GmLs, GLs, and NLs to MDA-MB-435s cells at 37°C. The particle size of the prepared liposomes was scattered at 100-200 nm, and their values of r 1 were ∼4 mM-1 s-1. The images of confocal laser scanning microscopy showed that GmLs in the cytoplasm were significantly more than GLs and both GmLs and GLs were more than NLs. The fluorescence intensity of GmLs was increased by about two times than that of GLs and three times than that of NLs by flow cytometry. Therefore, the GmLs in this initial study were suggested to be a potential MRI contrast agent at 37°C for diagnosing tumors with the protein of tenascin-C over-expressed.
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Chen W, Liu B, Chen J, Liu G, Liu X. Targeted tumor MRI with gadobutrol-loaded anti-HER2 immunoliposomes. Acta Radiol 2017; 58:573-580. [PMID: 27565629 DOI: 10.1177/0284185116664225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Immunoliposomes have been used to deliver MR contrast agents to cancer tissue by targeting tumor associated antigens, thus enabling the visualization of biological processes at the cellular level. Purpose To develop and evaluate the feasibility of specific HER2 targeted liposomal MR contrast agent. Material and Methods Gd-loaded anti-HER2 immunolipomes (Gd-ILs) and non-targeted PEGylated liposomes (Gd-NTLs) were prepared and characterized. Tumor bearing animals were randomized into three groups: Gd- ILs, Gd- NTLs and gadobutrol. Animals were imaged prior and 5, 15, 60, 120 and 180 min after i.v. injection of different contrast agents. The signal intensity enhancement percentage, signal- to- noise ratio and contrast- to -noise ratio was used to qualify tumor enhancement of different groups. After imaging, tumors were excised for histological examination. Results In vivo dynamic MR images, the specific targeted contrast agent bound to tumor tissue and result in a gradual and persisting enhancement for at least 3 hours in mice bearing tumor xenografts, reaching a maximum of 87.7% enhancement after 120 min post-injection. Gd-ILs demonstrated superior tumor enhancement over control non target contrast agent and gadobutrol in HER2 overexpressing tumors at 60, 120 and 180 min post- injection. The SNR and CNR of Gd-ILs in the tumors were significantly greater than that of Gd-NTLs at 60, 120, 180 min post- injection. Conclusion The results indicate the feasibility of Gd-ILs providing prolonged circulation, specific tumor enhancement and cancer cell recognition as targeted contrast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weicui Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Guoqing Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xian Liu
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
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7
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Cao Y, Xu L, Kuang Y, Xiong D, Pei R. Gadolinium-based nanoscale MRI contrast agents for tumor imaging. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3431-3461. [PMID: 32264282 DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00382j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Gadolinium-based nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents (CAs) have gained significant momentum as a promising nanoplatform for detecting tumor tissue in medical diagnosis, due to their favorable capability of enhancing the longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of individual gadolinium ions, delivering to the region of interest a large number of gadolinium ions, and incorporating different functionalities. This mini-review highlights the latest developments and applications, and simultaneously gives some perspectives for their future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nano-Bio Interface, Division of Nanobiomedicine, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, China.
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8
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the most widely used imaging modalities in contemporary medicine to obtain images of pathological areas. Still, there is a big effort to facilitate the accumulation of contrast in the required zone and further increase a local spatial concentration of a contrast agent for better imaging. Certain particulate carriers able to carry multiple contrast moieties can be used for an efficient delivery of contrast agents to areas of interest and enhancing a signal from these areas. Among those carriers, liposomes draw special attention because of their easily controlled properties and good pharmacological characteristics. To enhance the signal intensity from a given reporter metal in liposomes, one may attempt to increase the net quantity of carrier-associated reporter metal by using polylysine (PLL)-based polychelating amphiphilic polymers (PAP). In addition to heavy load of reporter metal onto the pharmaceutical nanocarrier (liposome), the accumulation of the contrast nanoparticles in organs and tissues of interest (such as tumors) can be significantly enhanced by targeting such particles both "passively," via the so-called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, or "actively," using various target-specific ligands, such as monoclonal antibodies. Combining three different properties-heavy load with gadolinium (Gd) via the liposome membrane-incorporated PAP and tumor specificity mediated by the liposome-attached mAb 2C5-in a single nanoparticle of long-circulating (PEGylated) liposomes could provide a new contrast agent for highly specific and efficient tumor MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Erdogan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Radiopharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhıye, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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9
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Shukla S, Hong SY, Chung SH, Kim M. Rapid Detection Strategies for the Global Threat of Zika Virus: Current State, New Hypotheses, and Limitations. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1685. [PMID: 27822207 PMCID: PMC5075579 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The current scenario regarding the widespread Zika virus (ZIKV) has resulted in numerous diagnostic studies, specifically in South America and in locations where there is frequent entry of travelers returning from ZIKV-affected areas, including pregnant women with or without clinical symptoms of ZIKV infection. The World Health Organization, WHO, announced that millions of cases of ZIKV are likely to occur in the USA in the near future. This situation has created an alarming public health emergency of international concern requiring the detection of this life-threatening viral candidate due to increased cases of newborn microcephaly associated with ZIKV infection. Hence, this review reports possible methods and strategies for the fast and reliable detection of ZIKV with particular emphasis on current updates, knowledge, and new hypotheses that might be helpful for medical professionals in poor and developing countries that urgently need to address this problem. In particular, we emphasize liposome-based biosensors. Although these biosensors are currently among the less popular tools for human disease detection, they have become useful tools for the screening and detection of pathogenic bacteria, fungi, and viruses because of their versatile advantageous features compared to other sensing devices. This review summarizes the currently available methods employed for the rapid detection of ZIKV and suggests an innovative approach involving the application of a liposome-based hypothesis for the development of new strategies for ZIKV detection and their use as effective biomedicinal tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Shukla
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
| | - Sung-Yong Hong
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Korea University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Chung
- School of Biosystem and Biomedical Science, College of Health Sciences, Korea University Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myunghee Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Yeungnam University Gyeongsan-si, South Korea
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10
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Patel NR, Piroyan A, Nack AH, Galati CA, McHugh M, Orosz S, Keeler AW, O’Neal S, Zamboni WC, Davis B, Coleman TP. Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Folate-Targeted Platinum-Loaded Theranostic Nanoemulsions for Therapy and Imaging of Ovarian Cancer. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:1996-2009. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Niravkumar R. Patel
- Nemucore Medical Innovations, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
| | - Aleksandr Piroyan
- Nemucore Medical Innovations, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
| | - Abbegial H. Nack
- Nemucore Medical Innovations, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
- Blue Ocean Biomanufacturing, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
| | - Corin A. Galati
- Nemucore Medical Innovations, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
- Blue Ocean Biomanufacturing, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
| | - Mackenzi McHugh
- Nemucore Medical Innovations, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
| | - Samantha Orosz
- Nemucore Medical Innovations, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
| | - Amanda W. Keeler
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Sara O’Neal
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Translational Oncology and Nanoparticle
Drug Development Initiative (TOND2I) Lab, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - William C. Zamboni
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman
School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel
Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Translational Oncology and Nanoparticle
Drug Development Initiative (TOND2I) Lab, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Carolina Center of Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- Center of Pharmacogenomics and Individualized Therapy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
- University of North Carolina Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27514, United States
| | - Barbara Davis
- Nemucore Medical Innovations, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
- Blue Ocean Biomanufacturing, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
| | - Timothy P. Coleman
- Nemucore Medical Innovations, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
- Blue Ocean Biomanufacturing, Inc., Worcester, Massachusetts 01608, United States
- Foundation for the Advancement of Personalized Medicine Manufacturing, Phoenix, Arizona 85013, United States
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11
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Pitchaimani A, Thanh Nguyen TD, Wang H, Bossmann SH, Aryal S. Design and characterization of gadolinium infused theranostic liposomes. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra00552g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional theranostic gadolinium infused liposomes containing the chemotherapeutic drug, doxorubicin (DOX), in its core are designed as potential candidates for diagnosis and therapy of various cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunkumar Pitchaimani
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
| | - Tuyen Duong Thanh Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
| | - Hongwang Wang
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
| | | | - Santosh Aryal
- Department of Chemistry
- Kansas State University
- Manhattan
- USA
- Nanotechnology Innovation Center of Kansas State (NICKS)
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhushan S Pattni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Vladimir V Chupin
- Laboratory for Advanced Studies of Membrane Proteins, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology , Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University , Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University , Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Multifunctional, stimuli-sensitive nanoparticulate systems for drug delivery. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2014; 13:813-27. [PMID: 25287120 DOI: 10.1038/nrd4333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 989] [Impact Index Per Article: 98.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The use of nanoparticulate pharmaceutical drug delivery systems (NDDSs) to enhance the in vivo effectiveness of drugs is now well established. The development of multifunctional and stimulus-sensitive NDDSs is an active area of current research. Such NDDSs can have long circulation times, target the site of the disease and enhance the intracellular delivery of a drug. This type of NDDS can also respond to local stimuli that are characteristic of the pathological site by, for example, releasing an entrapped drug or shedding a protective coating, thus facilitating the interaction between drug-loaded nanocarriers and target cells or tissues. In addition, imaging contrast moieties can be attached to these carriers to track their real-time biodistribution and accumulation in target cells or tissues. Here, I highlight recent developments with multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive NDDSs and their therapeutic potential for diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases.
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14
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Abstract
The use of nanoparticulate pharmaceutical drug delivery systems (NDDSs) to enhance the in vivo effectiveness of drugs is now well established. The development of multifunctional and stimulus-sensitive NDDSs is an active area of current research. Such NDDSs can have long circulation times, target the site of the disease and enhance the intracellular delivery of a drug. This type of NDDS can also respond to local stimuli that are characteristic of the pathological site by, for example, releasing an entrapped drug or shedding a protective coating, thus facilitating the interaction between drug-loaded nanocarriers and target cells or tissues. In addition, imaging contrast moieties can be attached to these carriers to track their real-time biodistribution and accumulation in target cells or tissues. Here, I highlight recent developments with multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive NDDSs and their therapeutic potential for diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases and infectious diseases.
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15
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Bennett KM, Jo JI, Cabral H, Bakalova R, Aoki I. MR imaging techniques for nano-pathophysiology and theranostics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 74:75-94. [PMID: 24787226 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The advent of nanoparticle DDSs (drug delivery systems, nano-DDSs) is opening new pathways to understanding physiology and pathophysiology at the nanometer scale. A nano-DDS can be used to deliver higher local concentrations of drugs to a target region and magnify therapeutic effects. However, interstitial cells or fibrosis in intractable tumors, as occurs in pancreatic or scirrhous stomach cancer, tend to impede nanoparticle delivery. Thus, it is critical to optimize the type and size of nanoparticles to reach the target. High-resolution 3D imaging provides a means of "seeing" the nanoparticle distribution and therapeutic effects. We introduce the concept of "nano-pathophysiological imaging" as a strategy for theranostics. The strategy consists of selecting an appropriate nano-DDS and rapidly evaluating drug effects in vivo to guide the next round of therapy. In this article we classify nano-DDSs by component carrier materials and present an overview of the significance of nano-pathophysiological MRI.
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16
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Kozlowska D, Biswas S, Fox EK, Wu B, Bolster F, Edupuganti OP, Torchilin V, Eustace S, Botta M, O'Kennedy R, Brougham DF. Gadolinium-loaded polychelating amphiphilic polymer as an enhanced MRI contrast agent for human multiple myeloma and non Hodgkin's lymphoma (human Burkitt's lymphoma). RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra45400b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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17
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Kenny GD, Bienemann AS, Tagalakis AD, Pugh JA, Welser K, Campbell F, Tabor AB, Hailes HC, Gill SS, Lythgoe MF, McLeod CW, White EA, Hart SL. Multifunctional receptor-targeted nanocomplexes for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids to the brain. Biomaterials 2013; 34:9190-200. [PMID: 23948162 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.07.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is a method of direct injection to the brain that can achieve widespread dispersal of therapeutics, including gene therapies, from a single dose. Non-viral, nanocomplexes are of interest as vectors for gene therapy in the brain, but it is essential that administration should achieve maximal dispersal to minimise the number of injections required. We hypothesised that anionic nanocomplexes administered by CED should disperse more widely in rat brains than cationics of similar size, which bind electrostatically to cell-surface anionic moieties such as proteoglycans, limiting their spread. Anionic, receptor-targeted nanocomplexes (RTN) containing a neurotensin-targeting peptide were prepared with plasmid DNA and compared with cationic RTNs for dispersal and transfection efficiency. Both RTNs were labelled with gadolinium for localisation in the brain by MRI and in brain sections by LA-ICP-MS, as well as with rhodamine fluorophore for detection by fluorescence microscopy. MRI distribution studies confirmed that the anionic RTNs dispersed more widely than cationic RTNs, particularly in the corpus callosum. Gene expression levels from anionic formulations were similar to those of cationic RTNs. Thus, anionic RTN formulations can achieve both widespread dispersal and effective gene expression in brains after administration of a single dose by CED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Kenny
- Molecular Immunology Unit, UCL Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UK; Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Department of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London WC1E 6DD, UK
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Langereis S, Geelen T, Grüll H, Strijkers GJ, Nicolay K. Paramagnetic liposomes for molecular MRI and MRI-guided drug delivery. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2013; 26:728-44. [PMID: 23703874 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.2971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Liposomes are a versatile class of nanoparticles with tunable properties, and multiple liposomal drug formulations have been clinically approved for cancer treatment. In recent years, an extensive library of gadolinium (Gd)-containing liposomal MRI contrast agents has been developed for molecular and cellular imaging of disease-specific markers and for image-guided drug delivery. This review discusses the advances in the development and novel applications of paramagnetic liposomes in molecular and cellular imaging, and in image-guided drug delivery. A high targeting specificity has been achieved in vitro using ligand-conjugated paramagnetic liposomes. On targeting of internalizing cell receptors, the effective longitudinal relaxivity r1 of paramagnetic liposomes is modulated by compartmentalization effects. This provides unique opportunities to monitor the biological fate of liposomes. In vivo contrast-enhanced MRI studies with nontargeted liposomes have shown the extravasation of liposomes in diseases associated with endothelial dysfunction, such as tumors and myocardial infarction. The in vivo use of targeted paramagnetic liposomes has facilitated the specific imaging of pathophysiological processes, such as angiogenesis and inflammation. Paramagnetic liposomes loaded with drugs have been utilized for therapeutic interventions. MR image-guided drug delivery using such liposomes allows the visualization and quantification of local drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sander Langereis
- Department of Minimally Invasive Healthcare, Philips Research Eindhoven, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
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Recent trends in multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers for enhanced tumor targeting. JOURNAL OF DRUG DELIVERY 2013; 2013:705265. [PMID: 23533772 PMCID: PMC3606784 DOI: 10.1155/2013/705265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes are delivery systems that have been used to formulate a vast variety of therapeutic and imaging agents for the past several decades. They have significant advantages over their free forms in terms of pharmacokinetics, sensitivity for cancer diagnosis and therapeutic efficacy. The multifactorial nature of cancer and the complex physiology of the tumor microenvironment require the development of multifunctional nanocarriers. Multifunctional liposomal nanocarriers should combine long blood circulation to improve pharmacokinetics of the loaded agent and selective distribution to the tumor lesion relative to healthy tissues, remote-controlled or tumor stimuli-sensitive extravasation from blood at the tumor's vicinity, internalization motifs to move from tumor bounds and/or tumor intercellular space to the cytoplasm of cancer cells for effective tumor cell killing. This review will focus on current strategies used for cancer detection and therapy using liposomes with special attention to combination therapies.
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Tang J, Sheng Y, Hu H, Shen Y. Macromolecular MRI contrast agents: Structures, properties and applications. Prog Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2012.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Mitchell N, Kalber TL, Cooper MS, Sunassee K, Chalker SL, Shaw KP, Ordidge KL, Badar A, Janes SM, Blower PJ, Lythgoe MF, Hailes HC, Tabor AB. Incorporation of paramagnetic, fluorescent and PET/SPECT contrast agents into liposomes for multimodal imaging. Biomaterials 2013; 34:1179-92. [PMID: 23131536 PMCID: PMC3520009 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of metal-chelating lipid conjugates has been designed and synthesized. Each member of the series bears a 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) macrocycle attached to the lipid head group, using short n-ethylene glycol (n-EG) spacers of varying length. Liposomes incorporating these lipids, chelated to Gd(3+), (64)Cu(2+), or (111)In(3+), and also incorporating fluorescent lipids, have been prepared, and their application in optical, magnetic resonance (MR) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) imaging of cellular uptake and distribution investigated in vitro and in vivo. We have shown that these multimodal liposomes can be used as functional MR contrast agents as well as radionuclide tracers for SPECT, and that they can be optimized for each application. When shielded liposomes were formulated incorporating 50% of a lipid with a short n-EG spacer, to give nanoparticles with a shallow but even coverage of n-EG, they showed good cellular internalization in a range of tumour cells, compared to the limited cellular uptake of conventional shielded liposomes formulated with 7% 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[carboxy(polyethyleneglycol)(2000)] (DSPE-PEG2000). Moreover, by matching the depth of n-EG coverage to the length of the n-EG spacers of the DOTA lipids, we have shown that similar distributions and blood half lives to DSPE-PEG2000-stabilized liposomes can be achieved. The ability to tune the imaging properties and distribution of these liposomes allows for the future development of a flexible tri-modal imaging agent.
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Key Words
- dota-lipid
- liposome
- mri (magnetic resonance imaging)
- peg (poly(ethylene)glycol)
- spect (single-photon emission tomography)
- dcc, n,n-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- deg1sl, dioleylethyleneglycol-1-succidimidyl linker
- deg3sl, dioleylethyleneglycol-3-succidimidyl linker
- deg6sl, dioleylethyleneglycol-6-succidimidyl linker
- dodeg4, dioleyldimethyl ethylene glycol 4
- dope, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
- dota, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
- dotma, n-[1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl]-n,n,n-trimethylammonium chloride
- dspe-peg2000, 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-n-[carboxy(polyethyleneglycol)2000]
- dtpa, diethylenetriamine pentacetic acid
- n-eg, n-ethylene glycol
- epr, enhanced permeability and retention effect
- fl-dhpe, n-(fluorescein-5-thiocarbamoyl)-1,2-dihexa-decanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine
- hbtu, o-(benzotriazol-1-yl)-n,n,n′,n′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate
- itlc, instant thin layer chromatography
- mr, magnetic resonance
- peg, polyethylene glycol
- pet, positron emission tomography
- res, reticuloendothelial system
- spect, single-photon emission tomography
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Tammy L. Kalber
- Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Margaret S. Cooper
- King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Kavitha Sunassee
- King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Samantha L. Chalker
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Royal Institution of Great Britain, Davy Faraday Research Laboratories, 21 Albemarle Street, London W1S 4BS, UK
| | - Karen P. Shaw
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Katherine L. Ordidge
- Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD, UK
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Adam Badar
- Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Samuel M. Janes
- Centre for Respiratory Research, University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Philip J. Blower
- King's College London, St. Thomas' Hospital, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, 4th Floor, Lambeth Wing, St Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, UK
- King's College London, Division of Chemistry, Hodgkin Building, Guy's Campus, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Mark F. Lythgoe
- Centre of Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, 72 Huntley Street, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Helen C. Hailes
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Alethea B. Tabor
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, Christopher Ingold Laboratories, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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Daughtry KD, Martin LJ, Sarraju A, Imperiali B, Allen KN. Tailoring encodable lanthanide-binding tags as MRI contrast agents. Chembiochem 2012; 13:2567-74. [PMID: 23150430 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201200448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lanthanide-binding tags (LBTs), peptide-based coexpression tags with high affinity for lanthanide ions, have previously been applied as luminescent probes to provide phasing for structure determination in X-ray crystallography and to provide restraints for structural refinement and distance information in NMR. The native affinity of LBTs for Gd(3+) indicates their potential as the basis for engineering of peptide-based MRI agents. However, the lanthanide coordination state that enhances luminescence and affords tightest binding would not be ideal for applications of LBTs as contrast agents, due to the exclusion of water from the inner coordination sphere. Herein, we use structurally defined LBTs as the starting point for re-engineering the first coordination shell of the lanthanide ion to provide for high contrast through direct coordination of water to Gd(3+) (resulting in the single LBT peptide, m-sLBT). The effectiveness of LBTs as MRI contrast agents was examined in vitro through measurement of binding affinity and proton relaxivity. For imaging applications that require targeted observation, fusion to specific protein partners is desirable. However, a fusion protein comprising a concatenated double LBT (dLBT) as an N-terminal tag for the model protein ubiquitin had reduced relaxivity compared with the free dLBT peptide. This limitation was overcome by the use of a construct based on the m-sLBT sequence (q-dLBT-ubiquitin). The structural basis for the enhanced contrast was examined by comparison of the X-ray crystal structure of xq-dLBT-ubiquitin (wherein two tryptophan residues are replaced with serine), to that of dLBT-ubiquitin. The structure shows that the backbone conformational dynamics of the MRI variant may allow enhanced water exchange. This engineered LBT represents a first step in expanding the current base of specificity-targeted agents available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D Daughtry
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02218, USA
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23
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Kenny GD, Villegas-Llerena C, Tagalakis AD, Campbell F, Welser K, Botta M, Tabor AB, Hailes HC, Lythgoe MF, Hart SL. Multifunctional receptor-targeted nanocomplexes for magnetic resonance imaging and transfection of tumours. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7241-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Silindir M, Özer AY, Erdoğan S. The use and importance of liposomes in positron emission tomography. Drug Deliv 2012; 19:68-80. [PMID: 22211758 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2011.635721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among different imaging modalities, Positron Emission Tomography (PET) gained importance in routine hospital practice depending on ability to diagnose diseases in early stages and tracing of therapy by obtaining metabolic information. The combination of PET with Computed Tomography (CT) forms hybrid imaging modality that gives chance to obtain better images having higher resolution by fusing both functional and anatomical images in the same imaging modality at the same time. Therefore, better contrast agents are essentially needed. The advance in research about developing drug delivery systems as specific nanosized targeted systems gained an additional importance for obtaining better diagnosis and therapy of different diseases. Liposomes appear to be more attractive drug delivery systems in delivering either drugs or imaging ligands to target tissue or organ of diseases with higher accumulation by producing in nano-scale, long circulating by stealth effect and specific targeting by modifying with specific ligands or markers. The combination of positron emitting radionuclides with liposomes are commonly in research level nowadays and there is no commercially available liposome formulation for PET imaging. However by conjugating positron emitter radionuclide with liposomes can form promising diagnostic agents for improved diagnosis and following up treatments by increasing image signal/contrast in the target tissue in lower concentrations by specific targeting as the most important advantage of liposomes. More accurate and earlier diagnosis of several diseases can be obtained even in molecular level with the use of stable and effectively radiolabeled molecular target specific nano sized liposomes with longer half-lived positron emitting radionuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mine Silindir
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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25
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Evaluation of new bi-functional terpolymeric nanoparticles for simultaneous in vivo optical imaging and chemotherapy of breast cancer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2012; 2:437-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-012-0103-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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26
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Antinuclear antibodies with nucleosome-restricted specificity for targeted delivery of chemotherapeutic agents. Ther Deliv 2012; 1:257-72. [PMID: 22816132 DOI: 10.4155/tde.10.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating antinuclear autoantibodies (ANAs) are well known to accompany various pathological conditions and can be artificially induced by immunization. Research and clinical data permit us to hypothesize a definite connection between cancer and ANAs. Based on the available data, my group's research suggested that exogenous ANAs may be used as anticancer therapeutics. Among these ANAs, nucleosome-specific ANAs may be particularly useful. Advances in cancer immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies re-emphasized the role of humoral immunity in neoplasia control. The development of a universal antibody targeting diverse cancers is of clear importance. We showed that certain natural ANAs recognize the surface of numerous tumor cells but not normal cells via cell surface-bound nucleosomes originating from the apoptotically dying neighboring tumor cells, mediate antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of tumor cells in vitro and inhibit the development of murine tumor in syngeneic mice. A single monoclonal antinuclear nucleosome-specific autoantibody, mAb 2C5, specifically recognizes multiple unrelated human tumor cell lines and accumulates at a high tumor-to-normal cell ratio in various human tumors in nude mice. Immunotherapy with mAb 2C5 resulted in significant suppression of the growth of several human tumors. In addition, mAb 2C5, when used in subtherapeutic quantities, can serve as a highly efficient specific ligand to target various drug- or diagnostic agent-loaded pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as liposomes and polymeric micelles, to various tumors. Here, the data (accumulated predominantly in our laboratory over several years) on mAb 2C5-mediated tumor targeting of chemotherapeutic agents is reviewed.
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27
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Liu P, Boyle AJ, Lu Y, Reilly RM, Winnik MA. Biotinylated Polyacrylamide-Based Metal-Chelating Polymers and Their Influence on Antigen Recognition Following Conjugation to a Trastuzumab Fab Fragment. Biomacromolecules 2012; 13:2831-42. [DOI: 10.1021/bm300843u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Amanda J. Boyle
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
| | - Yijie Lu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
| | - Raymond M. Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, University of Toronto, 144 College
Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3M2
- Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
M5G 2M9
| | - Mitchell A. Winnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto,
Ontario, Canada M5S 3H6
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Liu Y, Zhang N. Gadolinium loaded nanoparticles in theranostic magnetic resonance imaging. Biomaterials 2012; 33:5363-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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29
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Silindir M, Erdoğan S, Özer AY, Maia S. Liposomes and their applications in molecular imaging. J Drug Target 2012; 20:401-15. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.685477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Chen KJ, Wolahan SM, Wang H, Hsu CH, Chang HW, Durazo A, Hwang LP, Garcia MA, Jiang ZK, Wu L, Lin YY, Tseng HR. A small MRI contrast agent library of gadolinium(III)-encapsulated supramolecular nanoparticles for improved relaxivity and sensitivity. Biomaterials 2010; 32:2160-5. [PMID: 21167594 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/15/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
We introduce a new category of nanoparticle-based T(1) MRI contrast agents (CAs) by encapsulating paramagnetic chelated gadolinium(III), i.e., Gd(3+)·DOTA, through supramolecular assembly of molecular building blocks that carry complementary molecular recognition motifs, including adamantane (Ad) and β-cyclodextrin (CD). A small library of Gd(3+)·DOTA-encapsulated supramolecular nanoparticles (Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs) was produced by systematically altering the molecular building block mixing ratios. A broad spectrum of relaxation rates was correlated to the resulting Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNP library. Consequently, an optimal synthetic formulation of Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs with an r(1) of 17.3 s(-1) mM(-1) (ca. 4-fold higher than clinical Gd(3+) chelated complexes at high field strengths) was identified. T(1)-weighted imaging of Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs exhibits an enhanced sensitivity with a contrast-to-noise ratio (C/N ratio) ca. 3.6 times greater than that observed for free Gd(3+)·DTPA. A Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs solution was injected into foot pads of mice, and MRI was employed to monitor dynamic lymphatic drainage of the Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs-based CA. We observe an increase in signal intensity of the brachial lymph node in T(1)-weighted imaging after injecting Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs but not after injecting Gd(3+)·DTPA. The MRI results are supported by ICP-MS analysis ex vivo. These results show that Gd(3+)·DOTA⊂SNPs not only exhibits enhanced relaxivity and high sensitivity but also can serve as a potential tool for diagnosis of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ju Chen
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI), Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging (CIMI), University of California, Los Angeles, 570 Westwood Plaza, Building 114, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770, USA
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31
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Karfeld-Sulzer LS, Waters EA, Davis NE, Meade TJ, Barron AE. Multivalent protein polymer MRI contrast agents: controlling relaxivity via modulation of amino acid sequence. Biomacromolecules 2010; 11:1429-36. [PMID: 20420441 DOI: 10.1021/bm901378a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging is a noninvasive imaging modality with high spatial and temporal resolution. Contrast agents (CAs) are frequently used to increase the contrast between tissues of interest. To increase the effectiveness of MR agents, small molecule CAs have been attached to macromolecules. We have created a family of biodegradable, macromolecular CAs based on protein polymers, allowing control over the CA properties. The protein polymers are monodisperse, random coil, and contain evenly spaced lysines that serve as reactive sites for Gd(III) chelates. The exact sequence and length of the protein can be specified, enabling controlled variation in lysine spacing and molecular weight. Relaxivity could be modulated by changing protein polymer length and lysine spacing. Relaxivities of up to approximately 14 mM(-1) s(-1) per Gd(III) and approximately 461 mM(-1) s(-1) per conjugate were observed. These CAs are biodegradable by incubation with plasmin, such that they can be easily excreted after use. They do not reduce cell viability, a prerequisite for future in vivo studies. The protein polymer CAs can be customized for different clinical diagnostic applications, including biomaterial tracking, as a balanced agent with high relaxivity and appropriate molar mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay S Karfeld-Sulzer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113, USA
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Papagiannaros A, Upponi J, Hartner W, Mongayt D, Levchenko T, Torchilin V. Quantum dot loaded immunomicelles for tumor imaging. BMC Med Imaging 2010; 10:22. [PMID: 20955559 PMCID: PMC2975645 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2342-10-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 10/18/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Optical imaging is a promising method for the detection of tumors in animals, with speed and minimal invasiveness. We have previously developed a lipid coated quantum dot system that doubles the fluorescence of PEG-grafted quantum dots at half the dose. Here, we describe a tumor-targeted near infrared imaging agent composed of cancer-specific monoclonal anti-nucleosome antibody 2C5, coupled to quantum dot (QD)-containing polymeric micelles, prepared from a polyethylene glycol/phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) conjugate. Its production is simple and involves no special equipment. Its imaging potential is great since the fluorescence intensity in the tumor is twofold that of non-targeted QD-loaded PEG-PE micelles at one hour after injection. Methods Para-nitrophenol-containing (5%) PEG-PE quantum dot micelles were produced by the thin layer method. Following hydration, 2C5 antibody was attached to the PEG-PE micelles and the QD-micelles were purified using dialysis. 4T1 breast tumors were inoculated subcutaneously in the flank of the animals. A lung pseudometastatic B16F10 melanoma model was developed using tail vein injection. The contrast agents were injected via the tail vein and mice were depilated, anesthetized and imaged on a Kodak Image Station. Images were taken at one, two, and four hours and analyzed using a methodology that produces normalized signal-to-noise data. This allowed for the comparison between different subjects and time points. For the pseudometastatic model, lungs were removed and imaged ex vivo at one and twenty four hours. Results The contrast agent signal intensity at the tumor was double that of the passively targeted QD-micelles with equally fast and sharply contrasted images. With the side views of the animals only tumor is visible, while in the dorsal view internal organs including liver and kidney are visible. Ex vivo results demonstrated that the agent detects melanoma nodes in a lung pseudometastatic model after a 24 hours wash-out period, while at one hour, only a uniform signal is detected. Conclusions The targeted agent produces ultrabright tumor images and double the fluorescence intensity, as rapidly and at the same low dose as the passively targeted agents. It represents a development that may potentially serve to enhance early detection for metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aristarchos Papagiannaros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 312 Mugar Life Sciences Building, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kenny GD, Kamaly N, Kalber TL, Brody LP, Sahuri M, Shamsaei E, Miller AD, Bell JD. Novel multifunctional nanoparticle mediates siRNA tumour delivery, visualisation and therapeutic tumour reduction in vivo. J Control Release 2010; 149:111-6. [PMID: 20888381 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is being widely explored as a means of tumour therapy due to the specific and potent silencing of targeted genes. However, in vivo delivery of RNAi effectors, such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) and detection of delivery is fraught with problems. Here, we describe novel theranostic PEGylated siRNA nanoparticles termed liposome-entrapped siRNA (LEsiRNA) nanoparticles. Our LEsiRNA nanoparticles are MR sensitive, contain labels for fluorescence microscopy/histology and promote functional siRNA delivery to tumours in mice leading to a significant reduction in both Survivin expression and tumour growth. LEsiRNA nanoparticles, administered by intravenous injection, were shown to accumulate in xenograft tumours by MR contrast image enhancements 24h post-administration. Fluorescence microscopy was used to corroborate the MR results and simultaneously demonstrate co-localisation of nanoparticles and siRNA within the tumours. The LEsiRNA nanoparticle-mediated delivery of the anti-cancer Survivin siRNA causes significant reduction in tumour growth when compared to controls. Our results suggest that LEsiRNA nanoparticles can be valuable as an in vivo delivery agent for siRNA therapy to tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gavin D Kenny
- Metabolic and Molecular Imaging Group, Imaging Sciences Department, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK.
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Villaraza AJL, Bumb A, Brechbiel MW. Macromolecules, dendrimers, and nanomaterials in magnetic resonance imaging: the interplay between size, function, and pharmacokinetics. Chem Rev 2010; 110:2921-59. [PMID: 20067234 PMCID: PMC2868950 DOI: 10.1021/cr900232t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Joseph L. Villaraza
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ambika Bumb
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Martin W. Brechbiel
- Radiation Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Feng B, Tomizawa K, Michiue H, Han XJ, Miyatake SI, Matsui H. Development of a bifunctional immunoliposome system for combined drug delivery and imaging in vivo. Biomaterials 2010; 31:4139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2010.01.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
Magnetic resonance (MR) is one of the most widely used imaging modalities in contemporary medicine to obtain images of pathological areas. Still, there is a big effort to facilitate the accumulation of contrast in the required zone and further increase a local spatial concentration of a contrast agent for better imaging. Certain particulate carriers able to carry multiple contrast moieties can be used for an efficient delivery of contrast agents to areas of interest and enhancing a signal from these areas. Among those carriers, liposomes draw special attention because of their easily controlled properties and good pharmacological characteristics. To enhance the signal intensity from a given reporter metal in liposomes, one may attempt to increase the net quantity of carrier-associated reporter metal by using polylysine (PLL)-based polychelating amphiphilic polymers (PAP). In addition to heavy load of reporter metal onto the pharmaceutical nanocarrier (liposome), the accumulation of the contrast nanoparticles in organs and tissues of interest (such as tumors) can be significantly enhanced by targeting such particles both "passively," via the so-called enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, or "actively," using various target-specific ligands, such as monoclonal antibodies. Combining three different properties--heavy load with Gd via the liposome membrane-incorporated PAP and tumor specificity mediated by the liposome-attached mAb 2C5--in a single nanoparticle of long-circulating (PEGylated) liposomes could provide a new contrast agent for highly specific and efficient tumor MRI.
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Kozlowska D, Foran P, MacMahon P, Shelly MJ, Eustace S, O'Kennedy R. Molecular and magnetic resonance imaging: The value of immunoliposomes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2009; 61:1402-11. [PMID: 19796661 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2009.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2009] [Revised: 09/04/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Molecular imaging has the potential to transform the field of diagnostic imaging through enabling far more detailed investigation and characterisation of disease processes than is currently possible. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is capable of three-dimensional non-invasive imaging of opaque tissues at near cellular resolution. Among the imaging techniques available today, MRI has, perhaps, the greatest potential to exploit the possibilities that molecular imaging presents. Nanoparticles are the focus of intense research, due to a wide variety of potential applications in the biomedical, optical, and electronic fields. In this article we examine the progress made in the development of nanoparticles as targeted contrast agents for molecular magnetic resonance imaging. In particular, we will examine the potential of antibody-targeted liposomes (immunoliposomes) as vehicles for delivering MRI contrast agents to cellular biomarkers, thus enabling visualisation of structures and processes at the molecular level. We will address some of the challenges that must be faced by researchers in this field before the progress made in the laboratory can be translated into improved clinical diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Sibani SA, McCarron PA, Woolfson AD, Donnelly RF. Photosensitiser delivery for photodynamic therapy. Part 2: systemic carrier platforms. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 5:1241-54. [PMID: 18976134 DOI: 10.1517/17425240802444673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of solid tumours and angiogenic ocular diseases by photodynamic therapy (PDT) requires the injection of a photosensitiser (PS) to destroy target cells through a combination of visible light irradiation and molecular oxygen. There is currently great interest in the development of efficient and specific carrier delivery platforms for systemic PDT. OBJECTIVE This article aims to review recent developments in systemic carrier delivery platforms for PDT, with an emphasis on target specificity. METHODS Recent publications, spanning the last five years, concerning delivery carrier platforms for systemic PDT were reviewed, including PS conjugates, dendrimers, micelles, liposomes and nanoparticles. RESULTS/CONCLUSION PS conjugates and supramolecular delivery platforms can improve PDT selectivity by exploiting cellular and physiological specificities of the targeted tissue. Overexpression of receptors in cancer and angiogenic endothelial cells allows their targeting by affinity-based moieties for the selective uptake of PS conjugates and encapsulating delivery carriers, while the abnormal tumour neovascularisation induces a specific accumulation of heavy weighted PS carriers by enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. In addition, polymeric prodrug delivery platforms triggered by the acidic nature of the tumour environment or the expression of proteases can be designed. Promising results obtained with recent systemic carrier platforms will, in due course, be translated into the clinic for highly efficient and selective PDT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane A Sibani
- Queens University Belfast, Medical Biology Centre, School of Pharmacy, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK
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Stefania R, Tei L, Barge A, Geninatti Crich S, Szabo I, Cabella C, Cravotto G, Aime S. Tuning Glutamine Binding Modes in Gd-DOTA-Based Probes for an Improved MRI Visualization of Tumor Cells. Chemistry 2009; 15:76-85. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200801567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Carniato F, Tei L, Dastrù W, Marchese L, Botta M. Relaxivity modulation in Gd-functionalised mesoporous silicas. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:1246-8. [DOI: 10.1039/b820591d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Caravan P, Das B, Deng Q, Dumas S, Jacques V, Koerner SK, Kolodziej A, Looby RJ, Sun WC, Zhang Z. A lysine walk to high relaxivity collagen-targeted MRI contrast agents. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:430-2. [PMID: 19137175 DOI: 10.1039/b819098d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A strategy for preparing peptide-based magnetic resonance contrast agents with multiple gadolinium chelates is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Caravan
- A. A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 Thirteenth St, Suite 2301, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
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Torchilin V. Multifunctional and stimuli-sensitive pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2008; 71:431-44. [PMID: 18977297 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2008.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2007] [Revised: 08/29/2008] [Accepted: 09/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Currently used pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, and polymeric nanoparticles, demonstrate a broad variety of useful properties, such as longevity in the body; specific targeting to certain disease sites; enhanced intracellular penetration; contrast properties allowing for direct carrier visualization in vivo; stimuli-sensitivity, and others. Some of those pharmaceutical carriers have already made their way into clinic, while others are still under preclinical development. In certain cases, the pharmaceutical nanocarriers combine several of the listed properties. Long-circulating immunoliposomes capable of prolonged residence in the blood and specific target recognition represent one of the examples of this kind. The engineering of multifunctional pharmaceutical nanocarriers combining several useful properties in one particle can significantly enhance the efficacy of many therapeutic and diagnostic protocols. This paper considers the current status and possible future directions in the emerging area of multifunctional nanocarriers with primary attention on the combination of such properties as longevity, targetability, intracellular penetration, contrast loading, and stimuli-sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Torchilin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, Northeastern University, MA 02115, USA
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Karathanasis E, Park J, Agarwal A, Patel V, Zhao F, Annapragada AV, Hu X, Bellamkonda RV. MRI mediated, non-invasive tracking of intratumoral distribution of nanocarriers in rat glioma. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:315101. [PMID: 21828778 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/31/315101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarrier mediated therapy of gliomas has shown promise. The success of systemic nanocarrier-based chemotherapy is critically dependent on the so-called leaky vasculature to permit drug extravasation across the blood-brain barrier. Yet, the extent of vascular permeability in individual tumors varies widely, resulting in a correspondingly wide range of responses to the therapy. However, there exist no tools currently for rationally determining whether tumor blood vessels are amenable to nanocarrier mediated therapy in an individualized, patient specific manner today. To address this need for brain tumor therapy, we have developed a multifunctional 100 nm scale liposomal agent encapsulating a gadolinium-based contrast agent for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging with prolonged blood circulation. Using a 9.4 T MRI system, we were able to track the intratumoral distribution of the gadolinium-loaded nanocarrier in a rat glioma model for a period of three days due to improved magnetic properties of the contrast agent being packaged in a nanocarrier. Such a nanocarrier provides a tool for non-invasively assessing the suitability of tumors for nanocarrier mediated therapy and then optimizing the treatment protocol for each individual tumor. Additionally, the ability to image the tumor in high resolution can potentially constitute a surgical planning tool for tumor resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Karathanasis
- Wallace H Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, 313 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
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