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Bojer AS, Soerensen MH, Gaede P, Myerson S, Madsen PL. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function Studied with Magnetic Resonance Imaging: A Systematic Review of Techniques and Relation to Established Measures of Diastolic Function. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11071282. [PMID: 34359363 PMCID: PMC8305340 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11071282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In recent years, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has been used to assess LV diastolic function. In this systematic review, studies were identified where CMR parameters had been evaluated in healthy and/or patient groups with proven diastolic dysfunction or known to develop heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. We aimed at describing the parameters most often used, thresholds where possible, and correlation to echocardiographic and invasive measurements. Methods and results: A systematic literature review was performed using the databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane. In total, 3808 articles were screened, and 102 studies were included. Four main CMR techniques were identified: tagging; time/volume curves; mitral inflow quantification with velocity-encoded phase-contrast sequences; and feature tracking. Techniques were described and estimates were presented in tables. From published studies, peak change of torsion shear angle versus volume changes in early diastole (−dφ′/dV′) (from tagging analysis), early peak filling rate indexed to LV end-diastolic volume <2.1 s−1 (from LV time-volume curve analysis), enlarged LA maximal volume >52 mL/m2, lowered LA total (<40%), and lowered LA passive emptying fractions (<16%) seem to be reliable measures of LV diastolic dysfunction. Feature tracking, especially of the atrium, shows promise but is still a novel technique. Conclusion: CMR techniques of LV untwisting and early filling and LA measures of poor emptying are promising for the diagnosis of LV filling impairment, but further research in long-term follow-up studies is needed to assess the ability for the parameters to predict patient related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemie Stege Bojer
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark; (M.H.S.); (P.G.)
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Sothern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Martin Heyn Soerensen
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark; (M.H.S.); (P.G.)
| | - Peter Gaede
- Department of Cardiology and Endocrinology, Slagelse Hospital, 4200 Slagelse, Denmark; (M.H.S.); (P.G.)
- Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Sothern Denmark, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Saul Myerson
- Centre for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 2JD, UK;
| | - Per Lav Madsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2730 Herlev, Denmark;
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mella H, Wang H, Montalba C, Uribe S. An off-resonance insensitive orthogonal CSPAMM sequence (ORI-O-CSPAMM) for the acquisition of CSPAMM and MICSR grids in half scan time. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:3022-3033. [PMID: 34254351 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an Off-Resonance Insensitive Orthogonal CSPAMM sequence (ORI-O-CSPAMM) for the acquisition of CSPAMM and MICSR grids in half of the acquisition time. METHODS Phantom and mid-level left ventricle short-axis tagged images were acquired using CSPAMM, ORI-CSPAMM, O-CSPAMM, and the proposed ORI-O-CPAMM sequences to interrogate and compare its behavior under off-resonance effects produced by vegetable oil and subcutaneous and epicardial fat. The images were compared in terms of signal and the capacity to obtain complex difference and MICSR images. RESULTS Like ORI-CSPAMM, the proposed ORI-O-CSPAMM sequence removed almost completely the off-resonance artifacts produced during the tagging preparation. Tagging grids without DC components were obtained with ORI-O-CSPAMM using complex difference and MICSR from only two complementary images, which reduced the scan time to a half compared to CSPAMM and ORI-CSPAMM. The removal of off-resonance effects and the capacity to obtain MICSR images are advantages of ORI-O-CSPAMM over the O-CSPAMM sequence. CONCLUSION We developed a novel and fast tagging sequence designed to remove off-resonance effects during the tagging preparation, and to obtain complex difference and MICSR grids in half of the scan time compared to CSPAMM and ORI-CSPAMM sequences, which could allow its application to clinical protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernán Mella
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.,Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Hui Wang
- MR Clinical Science, Philips, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.,Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Cristian Montalba
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
| | - Sergio Uribe
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.,ANID - Millennium Science Initiative Program - Millennium Nucleus in Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile.,Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Región Metropolitana, Chile
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Reyhan ML, Wang Z, Kim HJ, Halnon NJ, Finn JP, Ennis DB. Effect of free-breathing on left ventricular rotational mechanics in healthy subjects and patients with duchenne muscular dystrophy. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:864-869. [PMID: 26888012 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging exams can be performed during free-breathing. This may be especially important for boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) given their frequently limited breath-hold abilities. The impact of the respiratory compensation method on quantitative measurements of left ventricular (LV) rotational mechanics is incompletely understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate differences in LV rotational mechanics acquired during breath-holding (BH), free-breathing with averaging (AVG), and free-breathing with respiratory bellows gating (BEL). METHODS LV short-axis tagged images from healthy subjects (N = 16) and DMD patients (N = 5) were acquired with BH, AVG, and BEL. LV twist and circumferential-longitudinal shear (CL-shear) angle were measured using the Fourier Analysis of STimulated echoes (FAST) method. RESULTS Peak LV twist estimates using BEL were significantly lower compared with BH in both healthy subjects (10.2 ± 3.6 ° versus 12.9 ± 2.3 °, P = 0.003) and patients with DMD (8.6 ± 3.6 ° versus 10.5 ± 3.6 °, P = 0.004). AVG results were in between BEL and BH. No significant differences in CL-shear were detected between BEL and BH. CONCLUSION Breath-holding directly affects estimates of peak LV twist, but not CL-shear. Using a free-breathing strategy for the evaluation of cardiac function is important for intrasubject longitudinal studies, intersubject comparisons, and multicenter trials for patients with DMD. Magn Reson Med 77:864-869, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meral L Reyhan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Hyun J Kim
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nancy J Halnon
- Department of Medicine (Pediatric Cardiology), University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - J Paul Finn
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Ennis
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Biomedical Physics Interdepartmental Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Wang Z, Nasiraei-Moghaddam A, Reyhan ML, Srinivasan S, Finn JP, Ennis DB. Complementary radial tagging for improved myocardial tagging contrast. Magn Reson Med 2014; 73:1432-40. [PMID: 24824305 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop and evaluate complementary radial tagging (CRT) for improved myocardial tagging contrast. METHODS We sought to develop and evaluate CRT, which aims to preserve the radial tag contrast throughout the cardiac cycle. Similar to complementary spatial modulation of magnetization, CRT acquires two sets of images with a phase shift in the tag pattern. The combination of a ramped imaging flip angle and image subtraction enhances tag contrast throughout the cardiac cycle. The proposed CRT technique uses a small table shift away from the isocenter to improve the uniformity of the radial tag pattern. We provide a mathematical solution for the optimal table shift and validate the solution in using a retrospective analysis of images from 500 patients in the Cardiac Atlas Project database. RESULTS CRT simulations, phantom experiments, and in vivo images all demonstrate the improved tag contrast of CRT compared to RT. The retrospective evaluation demonstrated that acceptable CRT images could be acquired in over 98% of the clinical exams. CONCLUSION The CRT technique improves radial tag contrast throughout the cardiac cycle and should produce high quality tag patterns in nearly all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Department of Radiological Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA; Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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