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Lockard CA, Hooijmans MT, Zhou X, Coolbaugh C, Damon BM. The impact of diffusion tensor imaging tractography settings on muscle fascicle architecture and diffusion parameter estimates: Tract length, completion, and curvature are most sensitive to tractography settings. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5205. [PMID: 38967274 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Diffusion-tensor (DT)-MRI tractography provides information about properties relevant to muscle health and function, including estimates of architectural properties such as fascicle length, pennation angle, and curvature and diffusion properties such as mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA). Tractography settings, including integration algorithms, thresholds for early tract termination, and tract smoothing approaches, impact the accuracy of the muscle property estimates. However, muscle DT-MRI tractography is performed using a variety of these settings, complicating comparisons between different studies. The effects of different tractography settings on muscle architecture estimates have not been fully explored, and optimized settings for muscle tractography have not yet been determined. We examined the influence of integration algorithm and termination check settings combined with a range of step sizes, termination criteria, and smoothing polynomial orders on tract characteristics, completion/reason for termination, and goodness of fit between fiber tracts and smoothing polynomials using 3-T DT-MR images of the lower leg muscles of seven healthy adults. We found that tract length and completion were highly sensitive to strict FA and intersegment angle thresholds (25%-69% reduction in complete fiber tracts from lowest to highest minimum FA threshold and 11%-36% reduction from highest to lowest intersegment angle threshold). Higher order polynomials (third and fourth order vs. second order) better fit the muscle fiber trajectories, but curvature estimates were highly sensitive to smoothing polynomial order (3.9-6.6 m-1 increase for second- vs. fourth-order fitting polynomials). Step size impacted curvature estimates, albeit to a lesser degree. Integration algorithm had little impact, and mean pennation angle, and tract-based FA and MD, were relatively insensitive to all parameters. The results demonstrate which muscle diffusion measures and architectural estimates are most sensitive to varying tractography settings and support the need for consistent reporting of tractography details to aid interpretation and comparison of results between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly A Lockard
- Carle Clinical Imaging Research Program, Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Health, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Melissa T Hooijmans
- Carle Clinical Imaging Research Program, Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Health, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Carle Clinical Imaging Research Program, Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Health, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Crystal Coolbaugh
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Bruce M Damon
- Carle Clinical Imaging Research Program, Stephens Family Clinical Research Institute, Carle Health, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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2
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Berry DB, Gordon JA, Adair V, Frank LR, Ward SR. From Voxels to Physiology: A Review of Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications in Skeletal Muscle. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 39031753 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle has a classic structure function relationship; both skeletal muscle microstructure and architecture are directly related to force generating capacity. Biopsy, the gold standard for evaluating muscle microstructure, is highly invasive, destructive to muscle, and provides only a small amount of information about the entire volume of a muscle. Similarly, muscle fiber lengths and pennation angles, key features of muscle architecture predictive of muscle function, are traditionally studied via cadaveric dissection. Noninvasive techniques such as diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) offer quantitative approaches to study skeletal muscle microstructure and architecture. Despite its prevalence in applications for musculoskeletal research, clinical adoption is hindered by a lack of understanding regarding its sensitivity to clinically important biomarkers such as muscle fiber cross-sectional area. This review aims to elucidate how dMRI has been utilized to study skeletal muscle, covering fundamentals of muscle physiology, dMRI acquisition techniques, dMRI modeling, and applications where dMRI has been leveraged to noninvasively study skeletal muscle changes in response to disease, aging, injury, and human performance. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Berry
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joseph A Gordon
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Vincent Adair
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Lawrence R Frank
- Center for Scientific Computation in Imaging, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Samuel R Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
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3
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Carpenter RS, Samaan MA, Clasey JL, Butterfield TA, Gao F, Hardy PA, Bollinger LM. Association of vastus lateralis diffusion properties with in vivo quadriceps contractile function in premenopausal women. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2023; 33:213-223. [PMID: 36337008 PMCID: PMC9928607 DOI: 10.1111/sms.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) parameters correlate with muscle fiber composition, but it is unclear how these relate to in vivo contractile function. PURPOSE To determine the relationship between DTI parameters of the vastus lateralis (VL) and in vivo knee extensor contractile. METHODS Thirteen healthy, premenopausal women underwent magnetic resonance imaging of the mid-thigh to determine patellar tendon moment arm length and quadriceps cross-sectional area. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) of the VL were determined using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Participants underwent an interpolated twitch (ITT) experiment before and after a fatiguing concentric-eccentric isokinetic knee extension (60°·s-1 ). During the ITT, supramaximal electrical stimuli were delivered to elicit twitch responses from the knee extensors before, during, and after a maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Knee extensor-specific tension during twitch and MVIC were calculated from isometric torque data. Pearson's correlations were used to determine the relationship between muscle contractile properties and DTI parameters. RESULTS MD and RD were moderately correlated with peak twitch force and rate of force development. FA and AD were moderately inversely related to percent change in MVIC following exercise. CONCLUSION MD and RD are associated with in vivo quadriceps twitch properties but not voluntary strength, which may reflect the mechanical properties of constituent fiber types. FA and AD appear to relate to MVIC strength following fatiguing exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekah S Carpenter
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michael A Samaan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jody L Clasey
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Body Composition Core Laboratory, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Tim A Butterfield
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Department of Athletic Training, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Fan Gao
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Peter A Hardy
- Department of Radiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Spectroscopy Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Lance M Bollinger
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Promotion, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
- Center for Muscle Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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McDowell AR, Feiweier T, Muntoni F, Hall MG, Clark CA. Clinically feasible diffusion MRI in muscle: Time dependence and initial findings in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:3192-3200. [PMID: 34337781 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the diffusion time-dependence in muscle in healthy adult volunteers, boys with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD), and age-matched controls in a clinically feasible acquisition time for pediatric applications. METHODS Diffusion data were acquired using a pulsed gradient stimulated echo diffusion preparation at 5 different diffusion times (70, 130, 190, 250, and 330 ms), at 4 different b-values (0, 200, 400, 600, and 800 s/mm2 ) and 6 directions (orthogonal x, y, and z and diagonal xy, xz, and yz) and processed to obtain standard diffusion indices (mean diffusivity [MD] and fractional anisotropy [FA]) at each diffusion time. RESULTS Time-dependent diffusion was seen in muscle in healthy adult volunteers, boys with DMD, and age-matched controls. Boys with DMD showed reduced MD and increased FA values in comparison to age matched controls across a range of diffusion times. A diffusion time of Δ = 190 ms had the largest effect size. CONCLUSIONS These results could be used to optimize diffusion imaging in this disease further and imply that these diffusion indices may become an important biomarker in monitoring progression in DMD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy R McDowell
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Francesco Muntoni
- UCL GOS Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,NIHR Great Ormond Street Hospital Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Great Ormond Street Hospital Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matt G Hall
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,National Physical Laboratory, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris A Clark
- Developmental Imaging and Biophysics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Giraudo C, Cavaliere A, Lupi A, Guglielmi G, Quaia E. Established paths and new avenues: a review of the main radiological techniques for investigating sarcopenia. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2020; 10:1602-1613. [PMID: 32742955 PMCID: PMC7378089 DOI: 10.21037/qims.2019.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a clinical condition mainly affecting the elderly that can be associated in a long run with severe consequences like malnutrition and frailty. Considering the progressive ageing of the world population and the socio-economic impact of this disease, much effort is devoted and has to be further focused on an early and accurate diagnostic assessment of muscle loss. Currently, several radiological techniques can be applied for evaluating sarcopenia. If dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is still considered the main tool and it is even recommended as reference by the most current guidelines of the European working group on sarcopenia in older people (EWGSOP), the role of ultrasound (US), computed tomography (CT), peripheral quantitative CT (pQCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) should not be overlooked. Indeed, such techniques can provide robust qualitative and quantitative information. In particular, regarding MRI, the use of sequences like diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and mapping that could provide further insights into the physiopathological features of sarcopenia, should be fostered. In an era pointing to the quantification and automatic evaluation of diseases, we call for future research extending the application of organ tailored protocols, taking advantage of the most recent technical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giraudo
- Radiology Institute, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Annachiara Cavaliere
- Radiology Institute, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Amalia Lupi
- Radiology Institute, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Guglielmi
- Department of Radiology, Scientific Institute “Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza” Hospital, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Emilio Quaia
- Radiology Institute, Department of Medicine—DIMED, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Farrow M, Grainger AJ, Tan AL, Buch MH, Emery P, Ridgway JP, Feiweier T, Tanner SF, Biglands J. Normal values and test-retest variability of stimulated-echo diffusion tensor imaging and fat fraction measurements in the muscle. Br J Radiol 2019; 92:20190143. [PMID: 31298948 DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the test-retest variability of both diffusion parameters and fat fraction (FF) estimates in normal muscle, and to assess differences in normal values between muscles in the thigh. METHODS 29 healthy volunteers (mean age 37 years, range 20-60 years, 17/29 males) completed the study. Magnetic resonance images of the mid-thigh were acquired using a stimulated echo acquisition mode-echoplanar imaging (STEAM-EPI) imaging sequence, to assess diffusion, and 2-point Dixon imaging, to assess FF. Imaging was repeated in 19 participants after a 30 min interval in order to assess test-retest variability of the measurements. RESULTS Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) for test-retest variability were 0.99 [95% confidence interval, (CI): 0.98, 1] for FF, 0.94 (95% CI: 0.84, 0.97) for mean diffusivity and 0.89 (95% CI: 0.74, 0.96) for fractional anisotropy (FA). FF was higher in the hamstrings than the quadriceps by a mean difference of 1.81% (95% CI:1.63, 2.00)%, p < 0.001. Mean diffusivity was significantly lower in the hamstrings than the quadriceps (0.26 (0.13, 0.39) x10-3 mm2s-1, p < 0.001) whereas fractional anisotropy was significantly higher in the hamstrings relative to the quadriceps with a mean difference of 0.063 (0.05, 0.07), p < 0.001. CONCLUSIONS This study has shown excellent test-retest, variability in MR-based FF and diffusion measurements and demonstrated significant differences in these measures between hamstrings and quadriceps in the healthy thigh. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE Test-retest variability is excellent for STEAM-EPI diffusion and 2-point Dixon-based FF measurements in the healthy muscle. Inter- and intraobserver variability were excellent for region of interest placement for STEAM-EPI diffusion and 2-point Dixon-based FF measurements in the healthy muscle. There are significant differences in FF and diffusion measurements between the hamstrings and quadriceps in the normal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Farrow
- 1Leeds institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.,2NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Grainger
- 1Leeds institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.,2NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ai Lyn Tan
- 1Leeds institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.,2NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Maya H Buch
- 1Leeds institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.,2NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Emery
- 1Leeds institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, Chapel Allerton Hospital, University of Leeds, United Kingdom.,2NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John P Ridgway
- 2NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,3Medical Physics and Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | | - Steven F Tanner
- 2NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,3Medical Physics and Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - John Biglands
- 2NIHR Leeds Biomedical Research Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,3Medical Physics and Engineering, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
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8
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Malis V, Sinha U, Csapo R, Narici M, Smitaman E, Sinha S. Diffusion tensor imaging and diffusion modeling: Application to monitoring changes in the medial gastrocnemius in disuse atrophy induced by unilateral limb suspension. J Magn Reson Imaging 2018; 49:1655-1664. [PMID: 30569482 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) assesses underlying tissue microstructure, and has been applied to studying skeletal muscle. Unloading of the lower leg causes decreases in muscle force, mass, and muscle protein synthesis as well as changes in muscle architecture. PURPOSE To monitor the change in DTI indices in the medial gastrocnemius (MG) after 4-week unilateral limb suspension (ULLS) and to explore the feasibility of extracting tissue microstructural parameters based on a two-compartment diffusion model. STUDY TYPE Prospective cohort study. SUBJECTS Seven moderately active subjects (29.1 ± 5.7 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T, single-shot fat-suppressed echo planar spin echo sequence. ASSESSMENT Suspension-related changes in the DTI indices (eigenvalues: λ1 , λ2 , λ3 , fractional anisotropy; coefficient of planarity) were statistically analyzed. Changes in model-derived tissue parameters (muscle fiber circularity and diameter, intracellular volume fraction, and residence time) after suspension are qualitatively discussed. STATISTICAL TESTS Changes in the DTI indices of the MG between pre- and postsuspension were assessed using repeated-measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). RESULTS All the eigenvalues (λ1 : P = 0.025, λ2 : P = 0.035, λ3 : P = 0.049) as well as anisotropic diffusion coefficient (P = 0.029) were significantly smaller post-ULLS. Diffusion modeling revealed that fibers were more circular (circularity index increased from 0.55 to 0.95) with a smaller diameter (diameter decreased from 82-60 μm) postsuspension. DATA CONCLUSION We have shown that DTI indices change with disuse and modeling can relate these voxel level changes to changes in the tissue microarchitecture. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Malis
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Physics, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Usha Sinha
- Physics, San Diego State University, California, USA
| | - Robert Csapo
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.,Institute for Sports Medicine, Alpine Medicine and Health Tourism, University for Health Sciences, Medical Informatics and Technology, Hall, Austria
| | - Marco Narici
- School of Graduate Entry Medicine and Health University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Edward Smitaman
- Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Shantanu Sinha
- Muscle Imaging and Modeling Lab, Department of Radiology, UC San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
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Simultaneous Multislice Accelerated Diffusion Tensor Imaging of Thigh Muscles in Myositis. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2018; 211:861-866. [PMID: 30085833 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.17.19318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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10
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Weighted Mean of Signal Intensity for Unbiased Fiber Tracking of Skeletal Muscles: Development of a New Method and Comparison With Other Correction Techniques. Invest Radiol 2018; 52:488-497. [PMID: 28240621 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the origin of random image artifacts in stimulated echo acquisition mode diffusion tensor imaging (STEAM-DTI), assess the role of averaging, develop an automated artifact postprocessing correction method using weighted mean of signal intensities (WMSIs), and compare it with other correction techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS Institutional review board approval and written informed consent were obtained. The right calf and thigh of 10 volunteers were scanned on a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging scanner using a STEAM-DTI sequence.Artifacts (ie, signal loss) in STEAM-based DTI, presumably caused by involuntary muscle contractions, were investigated in volunteers and ex vivo (ie, human cadaver calf and turkey leg using the same DTI parameters as for the volunteers). An automated postprocessing artifact correction method based on the WMSI was developed and compared with previous approaches (ie, iteratively reweighted linear least squares and informed robust estimation of tensors by outlier rejection [iRESTORE]). Diffusion tensor imaging and fiber tracking metrics, using different averages and artifact corrections, were compared for region of interest- and mask-based analyses. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance with Greenhouse-Geisser correction and Bonferroni post hoc tests were used to evaluate differences among all tested conditions. Qualitative assessment (ie, images quality) for native and corrected images was performed using the paired t test. RESULTS Randomly localized and shaped artifacts affected all volunteer data sets. Artifact burden during voluntary muscle contractions increased on average from 23.1% to 77.5% but were absent ex vivo. Diffusion tensor imaging metrics (mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, and axial diffusivity) had a heterogeneous behavior, but in the range reported by literature. Fiber track metrics (number, length, and volume) significantly improved in both calves and thighs after artifact correction in region of interest- and mask-based analyses (P < 0.05 each). Iteratively reweighted linear least squares and iRESTORE showed equivalent results, but WMSI was faster than iRESTORE. Muscle delineation and artifact load significantly improved after correction (P < 0.05 each). CONCLUSIONS Weighted mean of signal intensity correction significantly improved STEAM-based quantitative DTI analyses and fiber tracking of lower-limb muscles, providing a robust tool for musculoskeletal applications.
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11
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Giraudo C, Motyka S, Weber M, Karner M, Resinger C, Feiweier T, Trattnig S, Bogner W. Normalized STEAM-based diffusion tensor imaging provides a robust assessment of muscle tears in football players: preliminary results of a new approach to evaluate muscle injuries. Eur Radiol 2018; 28:2882-2889. [PMID: 29423575 PMCID: PMC5986840 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-017-5218-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To assess acute muscle tears in professional football players by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and evaluate the impact of normalization of data. Methods Eight football players with acute lower limb muscle tears were examined. DTI metrics of the injured muscle and corresponding healthy contralateral muscle and of ROIs drawn in muscle tears (ROItear) in the corresponding healthy contralateral muscle (ROIhc_t) in a healthy area ipsilateral to the injury (ROIhi) and in a corresponding contralateral area (ROIhc_i) were compared. The same comparison was performed for ratios of the injured (ROItear/ROIhi) and contralateral sides (ROIhc_t/ROIhc_i). ANOVA, Bonferroni-corrected post-hoc and Student’s t-tests were used. Results Analyses of the entire muscle did not show any differences (p>0.05 each) except for axial diffusivity (AD; p=0.048). ROItear showed higher mean diffusivity (MD) and AD than ROIhc_t (p<0.05). Fractional anisotropy (FA) was lower in ROItear than in ROIhi and ROIhc_t (p<0.05). Radial diffusivity (RD) was higher in ROItear than in any other ROI (p<0.05). Ratios revealed higher MD and RD and lower FA and reduced number and length of fibre tracts on the injured side (p<0.05 each). Conclusions DTI allowed a robust assessment of muscle tears in athletes especially after normalization to healthy muscle tissue. Key Points • STEAM-based DTI allows the investigation of muscle tears affecting professional football players. • Fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity differ between injured and healthy muscle areas. • Only normalized data show differences of fibre tracking metrics in muscle tears. • The normalization of DTI-metrics enables a more robust characterization of muscle tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Giraudo
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Stanislav Motyka
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Weber
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuela Karner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Siegfried Trattnig
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High Field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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12
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Damon BM, Froeling M, Buck AKW, Oudeman J, Ding Z, Nederveen AJ, Bush EC, Strijkers GJ. Skeletal muscle diffusion tensor-MRI fiber tracking: rationale, data acquisition and analysis methods, applications and future directions. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3563. [PMID: 27257975 PMCID: PMC5136336 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The mechanical functions of muscles involve the generation of force and the actuation of movement by shortening or lengthening under load. These functions are influenced, in part, by the internal arrangement of muscle fibers with respect to the muscle's mechanical line of action. This property is known as muscle architecture. In this review, we describe the use of diffusion tensor (DT)-MRI muscle fiber tracking for the study of muscle architecture. In the first section, the importance of skeletal muscle architecture to function is discussed. In addition, traditional and complementary methods for the assessment of muscle architecture (brightness-mode ultrasound imaging and cadaver analysis) are presented. Next, DT-MRI is introduced and the structural basis for the reduced and anisotropic diffusion of water in muscle is discussed. The third section discusses issues related to the acquisition of skeletal muscle DT-MRI data and presents recommendations for optimal strategies. The fourth section discusses methods for the pre-processing of DT-MRI data, the available approaches for the calculation of the diffusion tensor and the seeding and propagating of fiber tracts, and the analysis of the tracking results to measure structural properties pertinent to muscle biomechanics. Lastly, examples are presented of how DT-MRI fiber tracking has been used to provide new insights into how muscles function, and important future research directions are highlighted. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce M. Damon
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
| | - Martijn Froeling
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amanda K. W. Buck
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
| | - Jos Oudeman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Zhaohua Ding
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
| | - Aart J. Nederveen
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emily C. Bush
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University, Nashville TN USA
| | - Gustav J. Strijkers
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Fieremans E, Lemberskiy G, Veraart J, Sigmund EE, Gyftopoulos S, Novikov DS. In vivo measurement of membrane permeability and myofiber size in human muscle using time-dependent diffusion tensor imaging and the random permeable barrier model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3612. [PMID: 27717099 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The time dependence of the diffusion coefficient is a hallmark of tissue complexity at the micrometer level. Here we demonstrate how biophysical modeling, combined with a specifically tailored diffusion MRI acquisition performing diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) for varying diffusion times, can be used to determine fiber size and membrane permeability of muscle fibers in vivo. We describe the random permeable barrier model (RPBM) and its assumptions, as well as the details of stimulated echo DTI acquisition, signal processing steps, and potential pitfalls. We illustrate the RPBM method on a few pilot examples involving human subjects (previously published as well as new), such as revealing myofiber size derived from RPBM increase after training in a calf muscle, and size decrease with atrophy in shoulder rotator cuff muscle. Finally, we comment on the potential clinical relevance of our results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Els Fieremans
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gregory Lemberskiy
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jelle Veraart
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Eric E Sigmund
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Soterios Gyftopoulos
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dmitry S Novikov
- Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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14
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Noehren B, Andersen A, Hardy P, Johnson DL, Ireland ML, Thompson KL, Damon B. Cellular and Morphological Alterations in the Vastus Lateralis Muscle as the Result of ACL Injury and Reconstruction. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2016; 98:1541-7. [PMID: 27655981 PMCID: PMC5026157 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.16.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals who have had an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear and reconstruction continue to experience substantial knee extensor strength loss despite months of physical therapy. Identification of the alterations in muscle morphology and cellular composition are needed to understand potential mechanisms of muscle strength loss, initially as the result of the injury and subsequently from surgery and rehabilitation. METHODS We performed diffusion tensor imaging-magnetic resonance imaging and analyzed muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis of both the affected and unaffected limbs before surgery and again from the reconstructed limb following the completion of rehabilitation. Immunohistochemistry was done to determine fiber type and size, Pax-7-positive (satellite) cells, and extracellular matrix (via wheat germ agglutinin straining). Using the diffusion tensor imaging data, the fiber tract length, pennation angle, and muscle volume were determined, yielding the physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA). Paired t tests were used to compare the effects of the injury between injured and uninjured limbs and the effects of surgery and rehabilitation within the injured limb. RESULTS We found significant reductions before surgery in type-IIA muscle cross-sectional area (CSA; p = 0.03), extracellular matrix (p < 0.01), satellite cells per fiber (p < 0.01), pennation angle (p = 0.03), muscle volume (p = 0.02), and PCSA (p = 0.03) in the injured limb compared with the uninjured limb. Following surgery, these alterations in the injured limb persisted and the frequency of the IIA fiber type decreased significantly (p < 0.01) and that of the IIA/X hybrid fiber type increased significantly (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Significant and prolonged differences in muscle quality and morphology occurred after ACL injury and persisted despite reconstruction and extensive physical therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These results suggest the need to develop more effective early interventions following an ACL tear to prevent deleterious alterations within the quadriceps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Noehren
- Departments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky,E-mail address for B. Noehren:
| | - Anders Andersen
- Departments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Peter Hardy
- Departments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Darren L. Johnson
- Departments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Mary Lloyd Ireland
- Departments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Katherine L. Thompson
- Departments of Rehabilitation Sciences (B.N.), Anatomy and Neurobiology (A.A. and P.H.), Radiology (P.H.), Orthopaedic Surgery (A.A. and P.H.), Sports Medicine (D.L.J. and M.L.I.), and Statistics (K.L.T.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Bruce Damon
- Institute of Imaging Science and Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
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15
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Sapkota N, Shi X, Shah LM, Bisson EF, Rose JW, Jeong EK. Two-dimensional single-shot diffusion-weighted stimulated EPI with reduced FOV for ultrahigh-b radial diffusion-weighted imaging of spinal cord. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:2167-2173. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nabraj Sapkota
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Xianfeng Shi
- Department of Psychiatry; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Lubdha M. Shah
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Erica F. Bisson
- Department of Neurosurgery; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - John W. Rose
- Department of Neurology; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Eun-Kee Jeong
- Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences; University of Utah; Salt Lake City Utah USA
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16
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Filli L, Kenkel D, Wurnig MC, Boss A. Diffusional kurtosis MRI of the lower leg: changes caused by passive muscle elongation and shortening. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2016; 29:767-775. [PMID: 27061811 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Diffusional kurtosis MRI (DKI) quantifies the deviation of water diffusion from a Gaussian distribution. We investigated the influence of passive elongation and shortening of the lower leg muscles on the DKI parameters D (diffusion coefficient) and K (kurtosis). After approval by the local ethics committee, eight healthy volunteers (age, 29.1 ± 2.9 years) underwent MRI of the lower leg at 3 T. Diffusion-weighted images were acquired with 10 different b values at three ankle positions (passive dorsiflexion 10°, neutral position 0°, passive plantar flexion 40°). Parametrical maps of D and K were obtained by voxel-wise fitting of the signal intensities using a non-linear Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm. D and K were measured in the tibialis anterior, medial and lateral gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles. In the neutral position, D and K values were in the range between 1.66-1.79 × 10(-3) mm(2) /s and 0.21-0.39, respectively. D and K increased with passive shortening, and decreased with passive elongation, which could also be illustrated on the parametrical maps. In dorsiflexion, D (p < 0.01) and K (p = 0.036) were higher in the tibialis anterior than in the medial gastrocnemius. In plantar flexion, the opposite was found for K (p = 0.035). DKI parameters in the lower leg muscles are significantly influenced by the ankle joint position, indicating that the diffusion of water molecules in skeletal muscle deviates from a Gaussian distribution depending on muscle tonus. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Filli
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Kenkel
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Moritz C Wurnig
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Boss
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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17
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18
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von Deuster C, Stoeck CT, Genet M, Atkinson D, Kozerke S. Spin echo versus stimulated echo diffusion tensor imaging of the in vivo human heart. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:862-72. [PMID: 26445426 PMCID: PMC4989478 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To compare signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) efficiency and diffusion tensor metrics of cardiac diffusion tensor mapping using acceleration‐compensated spin‐echo (SE) and stimulated echo acquisition mode (STEAM) imaging. Methods Diffusion weighted SE and STEAM sequences were implemented on a clinical 1.5 Tesla MR system. The SNR efficiency of SE and STEAM was measured (b = 50–450 s/mm2) in isotropic agar, anisotropic diffusion phantoms and the in vivo human heart. Diffusion tensor analysis was performed on mean diffusivity, fractional anisotropy, helix and transverse angles. Results In the isotropic phantom, the ratio of SNR efficiency for SE versus STEAM, SNRt(SE/STEAM), was 2.84 ± 0.08 for all tested b‐values. In the anisotropic diffusion phantom the ratio decreased from 2.75 ± 0.05 to 2.20 ± 0.13 with increasing b‐value, similar to the in vivo decrease from 2.91 ± 0.43 to 2.30 ± 0.30. Diffusion tensor analysis revealed reduced deviation of helix angles from a linear transmural model and reduced transverse angle standard deviation for SE compared with STEAM. Mean diffusivity and fractional anisotropy were measured to be statistically different (P < 0.001) between SE and STEAM. Conclusion Cardiac DTI using motion‐compensated SE yields a 2.3–2.9× increase in SNR efficiency relative to STEAM and improved accuracy of tensor metrics. The SE method hence presents an attractive alternative to STEAM based approaches. Magn Reson Med 76:862–872, 2016. © 2015 The Authors. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin von Deuster
- Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian T Stoeck
- Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Genet
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David Atkinson
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.,Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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19
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Moulin K, Croisille P, Feiweier T, Delattre BM, Wei H, Robert B, Beuf O, Viallon M. In vivo free-breathing DTI and IVIM of the whole human heart using a real-time slice-followed SE-EPI navigator-based sequence: A reproducibility study in healthy volunteers. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:70-82. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.25852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Revised: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Moulin
- CREATIS; CNRS (UMR 5220); INSERM (U1044); INSA Lyon; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- Siemens Healthcare France; Saint-Denis France
| | - Pierre Croisille
- CREATIS; CNRS (UMR 5220); INSERM (U1044); INSA Lyon; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- Department of Radiology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Université Jean-Monnet; France
| | | | | | - Hongjiang Wei
- CREATIS; CNRS (UMR 5220); INSERM (U1044); INSA Lyon; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | | | - Olivier Beuf
- CREATIS; CNRS (UMR 5220); INSERM (U1044); INSA Lyon; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Magalie Viallon
- CREATIS; CNRS (UMR 5220); INSERM (U1044); INSA Lyon; Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- Department of Radiology; Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Saint-Etienne, Université Jean-Monnet; France
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20
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Oudeman J, Nederveen AJ, Strijkers GJ, Maas M, Luijten PR, Froeling M. Techniques and applications of skeletal muscle diffusion tensor imaging: A review. J Magn Reson Imaging 2015. [PMID: 26221741 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is increasingly applied to study skeletal muscle physiology, anatomy, and pathology. The reason for this growing interest is that DTI offers unique, noninvasive, and potentially diagnostically relevant imaging readouts of skeletal muscle structure that are difficult or impossible to obtain otherwise. DTI has been shown to be feasible within most skeletal muscles. DTI parameters are highly sensitive to patient-specific properties such as age, body mass index (BMI), and gender, but also to more transient factors such as exercise, rest, pressure, temperature, and relative joint position. However, when designing a DTI study one should not only be aware of sensitivity to the above-mentioned factors but also the fact that the DTI parameters are dependent on several acquisition parameters such as echo time, b-value, and diffusion mixing time. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of DTI studies covering the technical, demographic, and clinical aspects of DTI in skeletal muscles. First we will focus on the critical aspects of the acquisition protocol. Second, we will cover the reported normal variance in skeletal muscle diffusion parameters, and finally we provide an overview of clinical studies and reported parameter changes due to several (patho-)physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jos Oudeman
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aart J Nederveen
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Gustav J Strijkers
- Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter R Luijten
- Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Froeling
- Department of Radiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Steidle G, Schick F. Addressing spontaneous signal voids in repetitive single-shot DWI of musculature: spatial and temporal patterns in the calves of healthy volunteers and consideration of unintended muscle activities as underlying mechanism. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2015; 28:801-810. [PMID: 25943431 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Single-shot diffusion-weighted MRI sensitive to different types of incoherent motion inside tissue shows sporadic signal voids with a considerable size (>1 cm) in calf musculature at rest. Spatial and temporal patterns of these signal voids and their dependence on measurement conditions were tested systematically in order to obtain more insight into the underlying mechanism. Lower leg muscles of 10 healthy subjects were examined by recording series of 1000 echo-planar single-shot scans with repetition time 500 ms and b-value 100 s/mm(2) . Effects of strength and orientation of motion sensitization gradients and of repetition times were analysed. Potential influences of arterial blood pulsations and positioning of the subject were studied. Comparison of calf muscle groups showed more frequent signal voids in gastrocnemius and soleus muscle compared with tibialis muscles. Large inter-individual variance in the total number of signal voids visible in a transverse slice of the lower leg was observed (minimum 40/1000 scans; maximum >550/1000 scans). Typical sizes of the affected muscular areas ranged from 1.5 to 2.5 cm in the transverse and from 1.5 to 7 cm in the head-feet direction. Signal voids occurred nearly independent of the cardiac phase and with similar frequencies for supine and prone positions. Resting calf muscles show spontaneous signal voids in single-shot DWI at low b-values with an irregular temporal and spatial pattern. Values of mean diffusivity, diffusion tensor parameters, and IVIM-derived perfusion are expected to be clearly distorted by such signal voids if no rejection of affected data is applied. Several potential causes for the signal voids are discussed. The most probable explanation for the phenomenon is seen in the occurrence of spontaneous incoherent mechanical activity in musculature based on weak muscle fibre contractions. If this is the case it opens up a new field for studies on the physiological role and regulation of these unintended muscle activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günter Steidle
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fritz Schick
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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22
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Simultaneous Multislice Echo Planar Imaging With Blipped Controlled Aliasing in Parallel Imaging Results in Higher Acceleration. Invest Radiol 2015; 50:456-63. [DOI: 10.1097/rli.0000000000000151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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23
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Valaparla SK, Gao F, Daniele G, Abdul-Ghani M, Clarke GD. Fiber orientation measurements by diffusion tensor imaging improve hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy of intramyocellular lipids in human leg muscles. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2015; 2:026002. [PMID: 26158115 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.2.2.026002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve healthy subjects underwent hydrogen-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy ([Formula: see text]) acquisition ([Formula: see text]), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) with a [Formula: see text]-value of [Formula: see text], and fat-water magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using the Dixon method. Subject-specific muscle fiber orientation, derived from DTI, was used to estimate the lipid proton spectral chemical shift. Pennation angles were measured as 23.78 deg in vastus lateralis (VL), 17.06 deg in soleus (SO), and 8.49 deg in tibialis anterior (TA) resulting in a chemical shift between extramyocellular lipids (EMCL) and intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) of 0.15, 0.17, and 0.19 ppm, respectively. IMCL concentrations were [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], and [Formula: see text] in SO, VL, and TA, respectively. Significant differences were observed in IMCL and EMCL pairwise comparisons in SO, VL, and TA ([Formula: see text]). Strong correlations were observed between total fat fractions from [Formula: see text] and Dixon MRI for VL ([Formula: see text]), SO ([Formula: see text]), and TA ([Formula: see text]). Bland-Altman analysis between fat fractions (FFMRS and FFMRI) showed good agreement with small limits of agreement (LoA): [Formula: see text] (LoA: [Formula: see text] to 0.69%) in VL, [Formula: see text] (LoA: [Formula: see text] to 1.33%) in SO, and [Formula: see text] (LoA: [Formula: see text] to 0.47%) in TA. The results of this study demonstrate the variation in muscle fiber orientation and lipid concentrations in these three skeletal muscle types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Valaparla
- University of Texas Health Science Center , Research Imaging Institute, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States ; University of Texas Health Science Center , Department of Radiology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States
| | - Feng Gao
- University of Texas Health Science Center , Research Imaging Institute, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States
| | - Giuseppe Daniele
- University of Texas Health Science Center , Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States ; University of Pisa , Department of Endocrinology, Via Paradisa 2, Pisa 56124, Italy
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- University of Texas Health Science Center , Department of Medicine, Diabetes Division, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States
| | - Geoffrey D Clarke
- University of Texas Health Science Center , Research Imaging Institute, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States ; University of Texas Health Science Center , Department of Radiology, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, Texas 78229-3900, United States
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