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Makino C, Watanabe A, Kato M, Shiozawa H, Takakusa H, Nakai D, Honda T, Watanabe N. Species differences between rats and primates (humans and monkeys) in complex cleavage pathways of DS-8500a characterized by 14C-ADME studies in humans and monkeys after administration of two radiolabeled compounds and in vitro studies. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2022; 45:100459. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2022.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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2
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Kingston L, Gu C, Guo J, Swallow S, Elmore CS. The impact of radiochemistry in drug projects: The use of C-14 label in the AZD8529, AZD7325, and AZD6280 projects. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2020; 64:65-72. [PMID: 33326121 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the metabolic transformations of a potential drug molecule is important to understanding the safety profile of a drug candidate. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry is a standard method for detecting metabolites in the drug discovery stage, but this can lead to an incomplete understanding of the molecule's metabolism. In this manuscript, we highlight the role radiolabeling played in determining the metabolism and in quantifying the metabolites of AZD8529, AZD7325, and AZD6280. A quantitative whole-body autoradiography study can detect covalent adducts in vivo as was the case with AZD5248 in which the compound was bound to the aorta. Ultimately another compound free of aortic binding was developed, AZD7986.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Kingston
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Chungang Gu
- Neurosciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Jian Guo
- Neurosciences, BioPharmaceutical R&D, AstraZeneca, Waltham, MA, USA
| | - Steve Swallow
- Chemical Development, Pharmaceutical Technology and Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Charles S Elmore
- Isotope Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Science, R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Kong R, Ma J, Hwang S, Goodwin E, Northcutt V, Babiak J, Almstead N, McIntosh J. Metabolism and Disposition of Ataluren after Oral Administration to Mice, Rats, Dogs, and Humans. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:317-325. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.119.089391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Synthesis, Structure Elucidation and Antimicrobial Properties of New Bis-1,3,4-Oxadiazole Derivatives. Pharm Chem J 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-019-01969-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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5
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Makino C, Watanabe A, Deguchi T, Shiozawa H, Schreck I, Rozehnal V, Ishizuka T, Watanabe N, Ando O, Murayama N, Yamazaki H. In vivo multiple metabolic pathways for a novel G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist DS-8500a in rats: involvement of the 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring-opening reductive reaction in livers under anaerobic conditions. Xenobiotica 2018; 49:961-969. [PMID: 30124356 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2018.1514545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring-containing compound DS-8500a was developed as a novel G protein-coupled receptor 119 agonist. In vivo metabolic fates of [14C]DS-8500a differently radiolabeled in the benzene ring or benzamide side carbon in rats were investigated. Differences in mass balances were observed, primarily because after the oxadiazole ring-opening and subsequent ring-cleavage small-molecule metabolites containing the benzene side were excreted in the urine, while those containing the benzamide side were excreted in the bile. DS-8500a was detected at trace levels in urine and bile, demonstrating extensive metabolism prior to urinary/biliary excretion. At least 16 metabolite structures were proposed in plasma, urine, and bile samples from rats treated with [14C]DS-8500a. Formation of a ring-opened metabolite (reduced DS-8500a) in hepatocytes of humans, monkeys, and rats was confirmed; however, it was not affected by typical inhibitors of cytochrome P450s, aldehyde oxidases, or carboxylesterases in human hepatocytes. Extensive formation of the ring-opened metabolite was observed in human liver microsomes fortified with an NADPH-generating system under anaerobic conditions. These results suggest an in vivo unique reductive metabolism of DS-8500a is mediated by human non-cytochrome P450 enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chie Makino
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Akiko Watanabe
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Tsuneo Deguchi
- b Biomarker Department , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hideyuki Shiozawa
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Ilona Schreck
- c Tissue and Cell Research Center Munich, Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH , Munich , Germany
| | - Veronika Rozehnal
- c Tissue and Cell Research Center Munich, Daiichi Sankyo Europe GmbH , Munich , Germany
| | - Tomoko Ishizuka
- d Clinical Pharmacology Department , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Nobuaki Watanabe
- b Biomarker Department , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Osamu Ando
- a Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratories , Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd . Tokyo , Japan
| | - Norie Murayama
- e Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yamazaki
- e Laboratory of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics , Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida , Tokyo , Japan
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6
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Conole D, Beck TM, Jay-Smith M, Tingle MD, Eason CT, Brimble MA, Rennison D. Synthesis and methemoglobinemia-inducing properties of benzocaine isosteres designed as humane rodenticides. Bioorg Med Chem 2014; 22:2220-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2014.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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7
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Synthesis and evaluation of CS-2100, a potent, orally active and S1P3- sparing S1P1 agonist. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 51:92-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Revised: 02/04/2012] [Accepted: 02/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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Asano M, Nakamura T, Sekiguchi Y, Mizuno Y, Yamaguchi T, Tamaki K, Shimozato T, Doi-Komuro H, Kagari T, Tomisato W, Inoue R, Yuita H, Oguchi-Oshima K, Kaneko R, Nara F, Kawase Y, Masubuchi N, Nakayama S, Koga T, Namba E, Nasu H, Nishi T. Synthesis and SAR of 1,3-thiazolyl thiophene and pyridine derivatives as potent, orally active and S1P₃-sparing S1P₁ agonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2012; 22:3083-8. [PMID: 22487179 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.03.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2012] [Revised: 03/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We have previously disclosed 1,2,4-oxadiazole derivative 3 as a potent S1P(3)-sparing S1P(1) agonist. Although compound 3 exhibits potent and manageable immunosuppressive efficacy in various in vivo models, recent studies have revealed that its 1,2,4-oxadiazole ring is subjected to enterobacterial decomposition. As provisions for unpredictable issues, a series of alternative compounds were synthesized on the basis of compound 3. Extensive SAR studies led to the finding of 1,3-thiazole 24c with the EC(50) value of 3.4 nM for human S1P(1), and over 5800-fold selectivity against S1P(3). In rat on host versus graft reaction (HvGR), the ID(50) value of 24c was determined at 0.07 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetics in rat and monkey is also reported. Compared to compound 3, 24c showed excellent stability against enterobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayoshi Asano
- Lead Discovery & Optimization Research Laboratories I, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, 1-2-58 Hiromachi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-8710, Japan
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Gu C, Elmore CS, Lin J, Zhou D, Luzietti R, Dorff P, Grimm SW. Metabolism of a G Protein-Coupled Receptor Modulator, Including Two Major 1,2,4-Oxadiazole Ring-Opened Metabolites and a Rearranged Cysteine-Piperazine Adduct. Drug Metab Dispos 2012; 40:1151-63. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.112.044636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
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10
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N-(2-alkylaminoethyl)-4-(1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)piperazine-1-carboxamides as highly potent smoothened antagonists. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2011; 21:5283-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Tsalta CD, Madatian A, Schubert EM, Xia F, Hardesty WM, Deng Y, Seymour JL, Gorycki PD. Metabolism of [14C]GSK977779 in Rats and Its Implication with the Observed Covalent Binding. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:1620-32. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.036467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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12
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Maciolek CM, Ma B, Menzel K, Laliberte S, Bateman K, Krolikowski P, Gibson CR. Novel cytochrome P450-mediated ring opening of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole in setileuton, a 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor. Drug Metab Dispos 2011; 39:763-70. [PMID: 21325431 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.110.037366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Setileuton [4-(4-fluorophenyl)-7-[({5-[(1S)-1-hydroxy-1-(trifluoromethyl)propyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl}amino)methyl]-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one] is a selective inhibitor of the 5-lipoxygenase enzyme, which is under investigation for the treatment of asthma and atherosclerosis. During the development of setileuton, a metabolite (M5) was identified in incubations with rat, dog, and human liver microsomes that represented the addition of 18 Da to the 1,3,4-oxadiazole portion of the molecule. Based on mass spectral data, a ring opened structure was proposed and confirmed through comparison with a synthetic standard. The metabolic ring opening was examined in vitro in rat liver microsomes and was determined to be mediated by cytochrome P450s (P450s). Upon examination of the specific P450s involved using cDNA-expressed rat P450s, it was shown that CYP1A2 likely was the major isoform contributing to the formation of M5. Studies using stable labeled molecular oxygen and water demonstrated that the oxygen was incorporated from molecular oxygen, rather than water, and confirmed that the metabolic formation was oxidative. An alternative, comparatively slow pathway of chemical hydrolysis also was identified and described. Three potential mechanisms for the two-step metabolic ring opening of the 1,3,4-oxadizole are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheri M Maciolek
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, WP75A-203, P.O. Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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Castro-Perez JM. Current and future trends in the application of HPLC-MS to metabolite-identification studies. Drug Discov Today 2007; 12:249-56. [PMID: 17331890 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2007.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2006] [Revised: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 01/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic determinations are an integral part of every drug-discovery and drug-development program. Recent emphasis has been to increase sample throughput while, at the same time, increase information content within assays. To this end, screening for potential drug-drug interactions, overall metabolic stability and metabolite profiles are used early in discovery to select compounds for development. The throttle on the metabolism discovery engine is limited by the time required for data processing and reporting of the information-rich assays used in discovery-stage metabolism studies. In this article I examine how to increase throughput screening in drug discovery using novel liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry as the preferred analytical tool, and potential solutions to maximize output.
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Bateman KP, Castro-Perez J, Wrona M, Shockcor JP, Yu K, Oballa R, Nicoll-Griffith DA. MSE with mass defect filtering for in vitro and in vivo metabolite identification. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:1485-96. [PMID: 17394128 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Metabolite identification studies involve the detection and structural characterization of the biotransformation products of drug candidates. These experiments are necessary throughout the drug discovery and development process. The use of high-resolution chromatography and high-resolution mass spectrometry together with data processing using mass defect filtering is described for in vitro and in vivo metabolite identification studies. Data collection was done using UPLC coupled with an orthogonal hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer. This experimental approach enabled the use of MS(E) data collection (where E represents collision energy) which has previously been shown to be a powerful approach for metabolite identification studies. Post-acquisition processing with a prototype mass defect filtering program was used to eliminate endogenous interferences in the study samples, greatly enhancing the discovery of metabolites. The ease of this approach is illustrated by results showing the detection and structural characterization of metabolites in plasma from a preclinical rat pharmacokinetic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin P Bateman
- Merck Frosst Canada Ltd., 16711 Trans Canada Hwy. Kirkland, Quebec, H9H 3L1, Canada.
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