1
|
Raczyńska ED, Gal JF, Maria PC. Strong Bases and beyond: The Prominent Contribution of Neutral Push-Pull Organic Molecules towards Superbases in the Gas Phase. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5591. [PMID: 38891779 PMCID: PMC11172071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In this review, the principles of gas-phase proton basicity measurements and theoretical calculations are recalled as a reminder of how the basicity PA/GB scale, based on Brønsted-Lowry theory, was constructed in the gas-phase (PA-proton affinity and/or GB-gas-phase basicity in the enthalpy and Gibbs energy scale, respectively). The origins of exceptionally strong gas-phase basicity of some organic nitrogen bases containing N-sp3 (amines), N-sp2 (imines, amidines, guanidines, polyguanides, phosphazenes), and N-sp (nitriles) are rationalized. In particular, the role of push-pull nitrogen bases in the development of the gas-phase basicity in the superbasicity region is emphasized. Some reasons for the difficulties in measurements for poly-functional nitrogen bases are highlighted. Various structural phenomena being in relation with gas-phase acid-base equilibria that should be considered in quantum-chemical calculations of PA/GB parameters are discussed. The preparation methods for strong organic push-pull bases containing a N-sp2 site of protonation are briefly reviewed. Finally, recent trends in research on neutral organic superbases, leaning toward catalytic and other remarkable applications, are underlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Daniela Raczyńska
- Department of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), ul. Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jean-François Gal
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France;
| | - Pierre-Charles Maria
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Université Côte d’Azur, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mayeux C, Burk P, Gal JF, Leito I, Massi L. Alkali Metal Cations Bonding to Carboxylate Anions: Studies using Mass Spectrometry and Quantum Chemical Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:4390-4399. [PMID: 32378904 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Data on the gas-phase energetics of anion/cation interactions are relatively scarce. In this work, gas-phase alkali metal cation basicity (AMCB) scales were established for a series of 15 benzoate ions XC6H4COO- with Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, and Cs+ on the basis of mass spectrometry experiments and high-level calculations. A wide range of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents were included in the study. The thermochemical values were calculated by ab initio methodologies and extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. For each metal cation, the experimental relative cation basicity values of the anions were established quantitatively by applying the Cooks' kinetic method to the cation-bound heterodimers [(XC6H4COO-)M+(YC6H4COO-)]-, generated by electrospray ionization. The self-consistency of these AMCB scales was ascertained by multiple overlap of the individual relative basicities. In parallel, the proton gas-phase basicities (GBs) of the benzoate anions (gas-phase acidities of the respective benzoic acids) were calculated in order to compare the results of the theoretical method with known experimental GB values. The experimental and calculated GB values agree quite accurately (average absolute deviation = 3.2 kJ mol-1). The relative experimental AMCB scales and the absolute calculated AMCB scales are highly correlated, and the two sets agree by better than 4 kJ mol-1. It is also demonstrated that the five series of calculated AMCBs are highly correlated with the calculated GB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Mayeux
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - P Burk
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - J-F Gal
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France
| | - I Leito
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu, Ravila 14a, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - L Massi
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, 06108 Nice, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lesage D, Mezzache S, Gimbert Y, Dossmann H, Tabet JC. Extended kinetic method and RRKM modeling to reinvestigate proline's proton affinity and approach the meaning of effective temperature. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2019; 25:219-228. [PMID: 30630370 DOI: 10.1177/1469066718822054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Proline proton affinity PA(Pro) was previously measured by extended kinetic methods with several amines as reference bases using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer ( J Mass Spectrom 2005; 40: 1300). The measured value of 947.5 ± 5 kJ.mol-1 differs by more than 10 kJ.mol-1 from previous reported experimental or calculated values. This difference may be explained in part by the existence of relatively large entropy difference between the two dissociation channels (ΔΔS‡avg = 31 ± 10 J.mol-1.K-1) and by the inaccuracy of the amines proton affinity used as reference bases. In the present work, these experimental measurements were reinvestigated by RRKM modeling using MassKinetics software. From this modeling, a new PA value of 944.5 ± 5 kJ.mol-1 and a ΔΔS‡avg(600K) value of 33 ± 10 J.mol-1.K-1 are determined. However, the difference between experiment and recent theoretical calculations remains large (10 kJ.mol-1). These RRKM simulations allow also accessing to the effective temperature parameter (T eff) and to discuss the meaning of this term. As previously reported, T eff mainly depends on the internal energy and on the decomposition time as well. It also depends on the critical energies and on the transition state. Considering the entrance of the collision cell as a new ion source, T eff is finally shown to be close to a characteristic temperature (T char).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Denis Lesage
- 1 CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, IPCM, Paris, France
| | - Sakina Mezzache
- 1 CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, IPCM, Paris, France
| | - Yves Gimbert
- 1 CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, IPCM, Paris, France
- 2 Université Grenoble Alpes and CNRS, DCM (UMR 5250) Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Héloïse Dossmann
- 1 CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, IPCM, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Claude Tabet
- 1 CNRS, Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, Sorbonne Université, IPCM, Paris, France
- 3 Service de Pharmacologie et d'Immunoanalyse (SPI), Laboratoire d'Etude du Métabolisme des Médicaments, CEA, INRA, Université Paris Saclay, MetaboHUB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zobeydi R, Nazari P, Rahman Setayesh S. Theoretical study of the thermodynamic parameters of (CaO)n nanoclusters with n = 2–16 in the gas and solution phases: proton affinity, molecular basicity, and pKb values. Struct Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-019-01318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
5
|
Bouchoux G. Gas phase basicities of polyfunctional molecules. Part 6: Cyanides and isocyanides. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:533-564. [PMID: 28621817 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper gathers structural and thermochemical informations related to the gas-phase basicity of molecules containing cyanides (nitriles) and isocyanides (isonitriles) functional groups. It constitutes the sixth part of a general review devoted to gas-phase basicities of polyfunctional compounds. A large corpus of cyanides and isocyanides molecules is examined under seven major chapters. In the first one, a rapid overview of the definitions and methods leading to gas-phase basicity, GB, proton affinity, PA, and protonation entropy, Δp S°, is given. In the same chapter, several aspects of the gas phase chemistry of protonated cyanides and isocyanides are also presented. Chapters II-VI detail the protonation energetics of aliphatic, unsaturated, and heteroatom substituted (halogens, O, S, N, P) cyanides. A seventh chapter is devoted to isocyanides. Experimental data available in the literature (120 references) were reevaluated according to the presently adopted basicity scale that is the NIST database anchored to PA(NH3 ) = 853.6 kJ/mol and GB (NH3 ) = 819 kJ/mol. In this latter source, however, several erroneous values have been identified which were corrected in the present review. Structural and energetic information given by G4MP2 quantum chemistry computations on ca. 60 typical systems are presented. The present review includes the GB, PA, and Δp S° values of ca. 110 cyanides and isocyanides, and, for selected examples, is completed by a set of computed heats of formation (Δf H°) at 0 and 298 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 9168, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
- Université Paris-Sud XI, ICMO, Orsay, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bouchoux G. Gas-phase basicities of polyfunctional molecules. Part 4: Carbonyl groups as basic sites. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:493-534. [PMID: 24399766 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This article constitutes the fourth part of a general review of the gas-phase protonation thermochemistry of polyfunctional molecules (Part 1: Theory and methods, Mass Spectrom Rev 2007, 26:775-835, Part 2: Saturated basic sites, Mass Spectrom Rev 2012, 31:353-390, Part 3: Amino acids, Mass Spectrom Rev 2012, 31:391-435). This fourth part is devoted to carbonyl containing polyfunctional molecules. After a short reminder of the methods of determination of gas-phase basicity and the underlying physicochemical concepts, specific examples are examined under two major chapters. In the first one, aliphatic and unsaturated (conjugated and cyclic) ketones, diketones, ketoalcohols, and ketoethers are considered. A second chapter describes the protonation energetic of gaseous acids and derivatives including diacids, diesters, diamides, anhydrides, imides, ureas, carbamates, amino acid derivatives, and peptides. Experimental data were re-evaluated according to the presently adopted basicity scale. Structural and energetic information given by G3 and G4 quantum chemistry computations on typical systems are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Département de Chimie, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, 91120, Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nichols CM, Old WM, Lineberger WC, Bierbaum VM. Gas-phase acidities of nitrated azoles as determined by the extended kinetic method and computations. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:395-402. [PMID: 25521708 DOI: 10.1021/jp5110533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Making use of the extended kinetic method and the alternative method for data analysis, we have experimentally determined ΔH°acid (kcal/mol) for six mononitrated azole species (2-nitropyrrole = 337.0, 3-nitropyrrole = 335.8, 3-nitropyrazole = 330.5, 4-nitropyrazole = 329.5, 2-nitroimidazole = 327.4, and 4-nitroimidazole = 325.0). We report an absolute uncertainty of ±2.2 kcal/mol that arises from the uncertainties of the reference acids; the relative values are known within 0.4 kcal/mol. Combining these experimental ΔH°acid values with ΔS°acid values calculated at the B3LYP/aug-cc-pVTZ level of theory, we report ΔG°acid (kcal/mol) for the nitroazoles (2-nitropyrrole = 329.4, 3-nitropyrrole = 328.4, 3-nitropyrazole = 323.1, 4-nitropyrazole = 322.0, 2-nitroimidazole = 319.7, and 4-nitroimidazole = 317.6); the absolute uncertainties are ±2.4 kcal/mol. In addition to the experimental studies, we have computationally investigated the gas-phase acidities and electron affinities of the azoles in this work, as well as higher-order aza- and dinitro-substituted azoles. We discuss trends in the stabilities of the deprotonated azoles based on aza substitution and nitro group placement. 4-Nitroimidazole has already found use as the anionic component in ionic liquids, and we propose that the additional nitrated azolate ions are potential candidates for the anionic component of ionic liquids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles M Nichols
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, JILA, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Bourcier S, Chiaa RX, Mimbong RNB, Bouchoux G. Gas-phase lithium cation affinity of glycine. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:149-159. [PMID: 26307695 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase lithium cation binding thermochemistry of glycine has been determined theoretically by quantum chemical calculations at the G4 level and experimentally by the extended kinetic method using electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry. The lithium cation affinity of glycine, ∆(Li)H°(298)(GLY), i.e. the∆(Li)H°(298) of the reaction GlyLi(+)→ Gly + Li(+)) given by the G4 method is equal to 241.4 kJ.mol(-1) if only the most stable conformer of glycine is considered or to 242.3 kJ.mol(-1) if the 298K equilibrium mixture of neutral conformers is included in the calculation. The ∆(Li)H°(298)(GLY) deduced from the extended kinetic method is obviously dependent on the choice of the Li(+) affinity scale, thus∆(Li)H°(298)(GLY) is equal to 228.7±0.9(2.0) kJ.mol(- 1) if anchored to the recently re-evaluated lithium cation affinity scale but shifted to 235.4±1.0 kJ.mol(-1) if G4 computed lithium cation affinities of the reference molecules is used. This difference of 6.3 kJ.mol(-1) may originate from a compression of the experimental lithium affinity scale in the high ∆(Li)H°(298) region. The entropy change associated with the reaction GlyLi(+)→Gly + Li(+) reveals a gain of approximately 15 J.mol(-) 1.K(-1) with respect to monodentate Li(+) acceptors. The origin of this excess entropy is attributed to the bidentate interaction between the Li(+) cation and both the carbonyl oxygen and the nitrogen atoms of glycine. The computed G4 Gibbs free energy,∆(Li)G°(298)(GLY) is equal to 205.3 kJ.mol(-1), a similar result, 201.0±3.4 kJ.mol(-1), is obtained from the experiment if the∆(Li)G°(298) of the reference molecules is anchored on the G4 results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bourcier
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire. Ecole Polytechnique. UMR 9168 CNRS 91128 Palaiseau, France.
| | - Ru Xuan Chiaa
- N anyang Technological University. 21 Nanyang Link. 637371 Singapore
| | | | - Guy Bouchoux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire. Ecole Polytechnique. UMR 9168 CNRS. 91128 Palaiseau, France. Université Paris-Sud XI. 91400 Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mayeux C, Burk P, Gal JF, Kaljurand I, Koppel I, Leito I, Sikk L. Gas-phase lithium cation basicity: revisiting the high basicity range by experiment and theory. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2014; 25:1962-1973. [PMID: 25190215 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0970-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
According to high level calculations, the upper part of the previously published FT-ICR lithium cation basicity (LiCB at 373 K) scale appeared to be biased by a systematic downward shift. The purpose of this work was to determine the source of this systematic difference. New experimental LiCB values at 373 K have been measured for 31 ligands by proton-transfer equilibrium techniques, ranging from tetrahydrofuran (137.2 kJ mol(-1)) to 1,2-dimethoxyethane (202.7 kJ mol(-1)). The relative basicities (ΔLiCB) were included in a single self-consistent ladder anchored to the absolute LiCB value of pyridine (146.7 kJ mol(-1)). This new LiCB scale exhibits a good agreement with theoretical values obtained at G2(MP2) level. By means of kinetic modeling, it was also shown that equilibrium measurements can be performed in spite of the formation of Li(+) bound dimers. The key feature for achieving accurate equilibrium measurements is the ion trapping time. The potential causes of discrepancies between the new data and previous experimental measurements were analyzed. It was concluded that the disagreement essentially finds its origin in the estimation of temperature and the calibration of Cook's kinetic method.
Collapse
|
10
|
An X, Eiceman GA, Räsänen RM, Rodriguez JE, Stone JA. Dissociation of Proton Bound Ketone Dimers in Asymmetric Electric Fields with Differential Mobility Spectrometry and in Uniform Electric Fields with Linear Ion Mobility Spectrometry. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6389-401. [DOI: 10.1021/jp401640t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinxia An
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Gary A. Eiceman
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Riikka-Marjaana Räsänen
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - Jaime E. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, United States
| | - John A. Stone
- Department of Chemistry, Queens University, Kingston, Ontario Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bourgoin-Voillard S, Afonso C, Lesage D, Zins EL, Tabet JC, Armentrout PB. Critical evaluation of kinetic method measurements: possible origins of nonlinear effects. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:365-380. [PMID: 23389479 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0554-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The kinetic method is a widely used approach for the determination of thermochemical data such as proton affinities (PA) and gas-phase acidities (ΔH° acid ). These data are easily obtained from decompositions of noncovalent heterodimers if care is taken in the choice of the method, references used, and experimental conditions. Previously, several papers have focused on theoretical considerations concerning the nature of the references. Few investigations have been devoted to conditions required to validate the quality of the experimental results. In the present work, we are interested in rationalizing the origin of nonlinear effects that can be obtained with the kinetic method. It is shown that such deviations result from intrinsic properties of the systems investigated but can also be enhanced by artifacts resulting from experimental issues. Overall, it is shown that orthogonal distance regression (ODR) analysis of kinetic method data provides the optimum way of acquiring accurate thermodynamic information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Bourgoin-Voillard
- Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR CNRS 7201, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris6, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Maksić ZB, Kovačević B, Vianello R. Advances in Determining the Absolute Proton Affinities of Neutral Organic Molecules in the Gas Phase and Their Interpretation: A Theoretical Account. Chem Rev 2012; 112:5240-70. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100458v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zvonimir B. Maksić
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Borislav Kovačević
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Robert Vianello
- Quantum Organic
Chemistry Group, Department of Organic
Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bouchoux G, Salpin JY. Gas-phase basicities of polyfunctional molecules. Part 2: Saturated basic sites. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:353-390. [PMID: 21773983 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The present article is the second part of a general overview of the gas-phase protonation thermochemistry of polyfunctional molecules. The first part of the review (Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2007, 26:775-835) was devoted to the description of the physico-chemical concepts and of the methods of determination, both experimental and theoretical, of gas-phase basicity. Several clues concerning the structural and energetic aspects of the protonation of isolated species have been emphasized. In the present article, specific examples are examined. The field of investigation is limited to molecules containing a "saturated" basic site, that is, nitrogen or oxygen atoms engaged in simple σ bonds with their neighboring. Aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic poly-amines, amino alcohols, alcohols, ethers, and hydroxyl-ethers, are successively presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Ecole Polytechnique, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels (DCMR), Département de Chimie, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Bouchoux G. Gas phase basicities of polyfunctional molecules. Part 3: Amino acids. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2012; 31:391-435. [PMID: 22611554 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present article is the third part of a general overview of the gas-phase protonation thermochemistry of polyfunctional molecules (first part: Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2007, 26:775-835, second part: Mass Spectrom. Rev., 2011, in press). This review is devoted to the 20 proteinogenic amino acids and is divided in two parts. In the first one, the experimental data obtained during the last 30 years using the equilibrium, thermokinetic and kinetic methods are presented. A general re-assignment of the values originating from these various experiments has been done on the basis of the commonly accepted Hunter & Lias 1998 gas-phase basicity scale in order to provide an homogeneous set of data. In the second part, theoretical investigations on gaseous neutral and protonated amino acids are reviewed. Conformational landscapes of both types of species were examined in order to provide theoretical protonation thermochemistry based on the truly identified most stable conformers. Proton affinities computed at the presently highest levels of theory (i.e. composite methods such as Gn procedures) are presented. Estimates of thermochemical parameters calculated using a Boltzmann distribution of conformers at 298K are also included. Finally, comparison between experiment and theory is discussed and a set of evaluated proton affinities, gas-phase basicities and protonation entropies is proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Département de Chimie, Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Uddin KM, Warburton PL, Poirier RA. Comparisons of Computational and Experimental Thermochemical Properties of α-Amino Acids. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:3220-34. [DOI: 10.1021/jp210948m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kabir M. Uddin
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Peter L. Warburton
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| | - Raymond A. Poirier
- Department of Chemistry, Memorial University, St. John’s, Newfoundland A1B 3X7, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bouchoux G, Huang S, Inda BS. Acid–base thermochemistry of gaseous aliphatic α-aminoacids. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2011; 13:651-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c0cp00775g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
17
|
Mayeux C, Gal JF, Charles L, Massi L, Maria PC, Tammiku-Taul J, Lohu EL, Burk P. A study of the cesium cation bonding to carboxylate anions by the kinetic method and quantum chemical calculations. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2010; 45:520-527. [PMID: 20301185 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the Cs(+) heterodimer adducts of the nitrate anion (NO(3)(-)) and a variety of substituted benzoates (XBenz(-)) [(XBenz(-))(Cs(+))(NO(3)(-))](-) produces essentially nitrate and benzoate ions. A plot of the natural logarithm of their intensity ratio, ln[I (NO(3)(-))/I(XBenz(-))], versus the calculated cesium cation affinity (DFT B3LYP) of the substituted benzoate ions (equivalent to the enthalpy of heterolytic dissociation of the salt) is reasonably linear. This suggests that the kinetic method can be used as a source of data on the intrinsic interaction between the anionic and the cationic moieties in a salt.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charly Mayeux
- Institut de Chimie de Nice (FR CNRS 3037), Laboratoire de Radiochimie, Sciences Analytiques et Environnement, and Plate-forme Technologique de Chimie-Spectrométrie de Masse, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
A determination of the effective temperatures for the dissociation of the proton bound dimer of dimethyl methylphosphonate in a planar differential mobility spectrometer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s12127-010-0037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
19
|
Mayeux C, Tammiku-Taul J, Massi L, Lohu EL, Burk P, Maria PC, Gal JF. Interaction of the cesium cation with mono-, di-, and tricarboxylic acids in the gas phase. A Cs+ affinity scale for cesium carboxylates ion pairs. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1912-1924. [PMID: 19674917 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2009] [Revised: 07/01/2009] [Accepted: 07/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Humic substances (HS), including humic and fulvic acids, play a significant role in the fate of metals in soils. The interaction of metal cations with HS occurs predominantly through the ionized (anionic) acidic functions. In the context of the effect of HS on transport of radioactive cesium isotopes in soils, a study of the interaction between the cesium cation and model carboxylic acids was undertaken. Structure and energetics of the adducts formed between Cs+ and cesium carboxylate salts [Cs+RCOO-] were studied by the kinetic method and density functional theory (DFT). Clusters generated by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry from mixtures of a cesium salt (nitrate, iodide, trifluoroacetate) and carboxylic acids were quantitatively studied by CID. By combining the results of the kinetic method and the energetic data from DFT calculations, a scale of cesium cation affinity, CsCA, was built for 33 cesium carboxylates representing the first scale of cation affinity of molecular salts. The structural effects on the CsCA values are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charly Mayeux
- Institut de Chimie de Nice, Laboratoire de Radiochimie, Sciences Analytiques et Environnement, and Plateforme Technologique de Chimie-Spectrométrie de Masse, Faculté des Sciences, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, Nice, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ren J, Tan JP, Harper RT. Gas-Phase Acidities of Cysteine-Polyalanine Peptides I: A3,4CSH and HSCA3,4. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:10903-12. [DOI: 10.1021/jp903594a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Ren
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211
| | - John P. Tan
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211
| | - Robert T. Harper
- Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California 95211
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brancia FL, Stener M, Magistrato A. A density functional theory (DFT) study on gas-phase proton transfer reactions of derivatized and underivatized peptide ions generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:1327-1333. [PMID: 19372050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 03/06/2009] [Accepted: 03/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this study, classic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations followed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to calculate the proton transfer reaction enthalpy shifts for native and derivatized peptide ions in the MALDI plume. First, absolute protonation and deprotonation enthalpies are calculated for native peptides (RPPGF and AFLDASR), the corresponding hexyl esters and three common matrices alpha-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (4HCCA), 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB), and 6 aza-2-thiothymine (ATT). From the proton exchange reaction calculations, protonation and deprotonation of the neutral peptides are thermodynamically favorable in the gas phase as long as the corresponding protonated/deprotonated matrix ions are present in the plume. Moreover, the gain in proton affinity shown by the ester ions suggests that the increase in ion yield is likely to be related to an easier proton transfer from the matrix to the peptide.
Collapse
|
22
|
Bouchoux G, Bimbong RNB, Nacer F. Gas-Phase Protonation Thermochemistry of Glutamic Acid. J Phys Chem A 2009; 113:6666-76. [DOI: 10.1021/jp902438a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | - Fadila Nacer
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bouchoux G, Bourcier S, Blanc V, Desaphy S. Gas Phase Protonation Thermochemistry of Phenylalanine and Tyrosine. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:5549-62. [DOI: 10.1021/jp810240v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophie Bourcier
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Virginie Blanc
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sylvain Desaphy
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Touboul D, Bouchoux G, Zenobi R. Gas-Phase Protonation Thermochemistry of Adenosine. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:11716-25. [DOI: 10.1021/jp804786e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David Touboul
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, and Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Guy Bouchoux
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, and Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland, and Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bouchoux G, Desaphy S, Bourcier S, Malosse C, Bimbong RNB. Gas-Phase Protonation Thermochemistry of Arginine. J Phys Chem B 2008; 112:3410-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp709677c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sylvain Desaphy
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Sophie Bourcier
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Christian Malosse
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Desaphy S, Malosse C, Bouchoux G. Gas-phase basicity of methionine. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2008; 43:116-25. [PMID: 17726660 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Proton affinity and protonation entropy of methionine (Met) were determined by the extended kinetic method from ESI-Q-TOF tandem mass spectrometry experiments. The values, PA(Met) = 937.5 +/- 2.9 kJ mol(-1) and Delta(p)S degrees (Met) = - 22 +/- 5 J mol(-1) K(-1), lead to gas-phase basicity GB(Met) = 898.2 +/- 3.2 kJ.mol(-1). Quantum chemical calculations using density functional theory confirm that the proton affinity of Met is indeed in the 940 kJ mol(-1) range and that a significant entropy loss, of at least - 25 J mol(-1) K(-1), occurs upon protonation. This last point is evidenced here for the first time and suggests revision of the tabulated protonation thermochemistry of Met. A comparison with previous experimental data allows us to propose the following evaluated thermochemical values: PA(Met) = 943 +/- 4 kJ mol(-1) and Delta(p)S degrees (Met) = - 35 +/- 15 J mol(-1) K(-1) and GB(Met) = 900 +/- 2 kJ mol(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Desaphy
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels. Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Bouchoux G. Gas-phase basicities of polyfunctional molecules. Part 1: Theory and methods. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2007; 26:775-835. [PMID: 17854059 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The experimental and theoretical methods of determination of gas-phase basicities, proton affinities and protonation entropies are presented in a tutorial form. Particularities and limitations of these methods when applied to polyfunctional molecules are emphasized. Structural effects during the protonation process in the gas-phase and their consequences on the corresponding thermochemistry are reviewed and classified. The role of the nature of the basic site (protonation on non-bonded electron pairs or on pi-electron systems) and of substituent effects (electrostatic and resonance) are first examined. Then, linear correlations observed between gas-phase basicities and ionization energies or substituent constants are recalled. Hydrogen bonding plays a special part in proton transfer reactions and in the protonation characteristics of polyfunctional molecules. A survey of the main properties of intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bonding in both neutral and protonated species is proposed. Consequences on the protonation thermochemistry, particularly of polyfunctional molecules are discussed. Finally, chemical reactions which may potentially occur inside protonated clusters during the measurement of gas-phase basicities or inside a protonated polyfunctional molecule is examined. Examples of bond dissociations with hydride or alkyl migrations, proton transport catalysis, tautomerization, cyclization, ring opening and nucleophilic substitution are presented to illustrate the potentially complex chemistry that may accompany the protonation of polyfunctional molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guy Bouchoux
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels, Département de Chimie, Ecole Polytechnique, 91120 Palaiseau, France.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Roithová J, Schröder D, Mísek J, Stará IG, Starý I. Chiral superbases: the proton affinities of 1- and 2-aza[6]helicene in the gas phase. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:1233-7. [PMID: 17665419 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The proton affinities (PAs) of 1- and 2-azahelicene were determined using various mass spectrometric techniques and complementary results from density functional theory. With PAs of about 1000 kJ mol(-1), the helical backbone of both compounds offer promising perspectives for future research on enantioselective reactions of these helical nitrogen bases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Roithová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Flemingovo Námestí 2, 16610, Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Grégoire G, Gaigeot MP, Marinica DC, Lemaire J, Schermann JP, Desfrançois C. Resonant infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy of gas-phase protonated peptides. Experiments and Car–Parrinello dynamics at 300 K. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2007; 9:3082-97. [PMID: 17612732 DOI: 10.1039/b618094a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The gas-phase structures of protonated peptides are studied by means of resonant infrared multiphoton dissociation spectroscopy (R-IRMPD) performed with a free electron laser. The peptide structures and protonation sites are obtained through comparison between experimental IR spectra and their prediction from quantum chemistry calculations. Two different analyses are conducted. It is first supposed that only well-defined conformations, sufficiently populated according to a Boltzmann distribution, contribute to the observed spectra. On the contrary, DFT-based Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations show that at 300 K protonated peptides no longer possess well-defined structures, but rather dynamically explore the set of conformations considered in the first conventional approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Grégoire
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers UMR 7538 Institut Galilée, Université Paris 13, Villetaneuse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|