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Nanno Y, Shajahan A, Sonon RN, Azadi P, Hering BJ, Burlak C. High-mannose type N-glycans with core fucosylation and complex-type N-glycans with terminal neuraminic acid residues are unique to porcine islets. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241249. [PMID: 33170858 PMCID: PMC7654812 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Islet transplantation is an emerging treatment option for type 1 diabetes but its application is limited by the shortage of human pancreas donors. Characterization of the N- and O-glycan surface antigens that vary between human and genetically engineered porcine islet donors could shed light on targets of antibody mediated rejection. METHODS N- and O-glycans were isolated from human and adult porcine islets and analyzed using matrix-assisted laser-desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS). RESULTS A total of 57 porcine and 34 human N-glycans and 21 porcine and 14 human O-glycans were detected from cultured islets. Twenty-eight of which were detected only from porcine islets, which include novel xenoantigens such as high-mannose type N-glycans with core fucosylation and complex-type N-glycans with terminal neuraminic acid residues. Porcine islets have terminal N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) residue in bi-antennary N-glycans and sialyl-Tn O-glycans. No galactose-α-1,3-galactose (α-Gal) or Sda epitope were detected on any of the islets. CONCLUSIONS These results provide important insights into the potential antigenic differences of N- and O-glycan profiles between human and porcine islets. Glycan differences may identify novel gene targets for genetic engineering to generate superior porcine islet donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Nanno
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Asif Shajahan
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | | | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States of America
| | - Bernhard J. Hering
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Christopher Burlak
- Department of Surgery, Schulze Diabetes Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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2
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Hurh S, Kang B, Choi I, Cho B, Lee EM, Kim H, Kim YJ, Chung YS, Jeong JC, Hwang JI, Kim JY, Lee BC, Surh CD, Yang J, Ahn C. Human antibody reactivity against xenogeneic N-glycolylneuraminic acid and galactose-α-1,3-galactose antigen. Xenotransplantation 2016; 23:279-92. [PMID: 27373998 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the development of α1,3-galactosyl transferase-knockout (GTKO) pigs, acute humoral xenograft rejection caused by antibodies against non-Gal antigens, along with complement activation, are hurdles that need to be overcome. Among non-Gal antigens, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is considered to play an important role in xenograft rejection in human. METHODS We generated human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells that expressed xenogeneic Neu5Gc (HEK293-pCMAH) or α1,3Gal (HEK293-pGT) antigen and investigated the degree of human antibody binding and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against these antigens using 100 individual human sera. RESULTS Both IgM and IgG bound to α1,3Gal, while only IgG bound to Neu5Gc. Of the ABO blood groups, the degree of IgG binding to α1,3Gal was highest for blood group A. The degree of CDC against HEK293-pCMAH cells was significantly lower than that against HEK293-pGT cells. However, CDC against HEK293-pCMAH cells was significantly higher than that against control HEK293 cells. In addition, the severity of CDC against HEK293-pCMAH cells positively correlated with that against GTKO pig aortic endothelial cells (PAECs), suggesting that Neu5Gc is the main antigen in GTKO PAECs. Similar to antibody-binding activity, only IgG binding correlated with CDC against HEK293-pCMAH cells. The most common subclass of IgGs against Neu5Gc was IgG1, which typically induces strong complement activation. CONCLUSIONS We showed that IgG-mediated CDC was detected in Neu5Gc-overexpressed HEK293 cells incubated with human sera; however, this antibody reactivity to Neu5Gc was highly variable among individuals. Our results suggest that additional modifications to the CMAH gene should be considered for widespread use of pig organs for human transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunghoon Hurh
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bohae Kang
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Life and Health Sciences, Hoseo University, Asan, Chungcheongnam-do, Korea
| | - Bumrae Cho
- Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Graduate School of Translational Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwajung Kim
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young June Kim
- Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Korea
| | - Yun Shin Chung
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Cheol Jeong
- Department of Nephrology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jong-Ik Hwang
- Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Life Science, Gachon University, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Byeong Chun Lee
- Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Department of Theriogenology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Charles D Surh
- Academy of Immunology and Microbiology, Institute for Basic Science, Pohang, Korea.,Department of Integrative Biosciences and Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Korea.,Division of Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Jaeseok Yang
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Curie Ahn
- Transplantation Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Designed Animal & Transplantation Research Institute, Institute of Green Bio Science & Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon-do, Korea.,Transplantation Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: an update for 2009-2010. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2015; 34:268-422. [PMID: 24863367 PMCID: PMC7168572 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
This review is the sixth update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2010. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, arrays and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural typed constitutes the remainder. The main groups of compound that are discussed in this section are oligo and polysaccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides and biopharmaceuticals. Many of these applications are presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions and applications to chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J. Harvey
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordOX1 3QUUK
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4
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Son SH, Daikoku S, Ohtake A, Suzuki K, Kabayama K, Ito Y, Kanie O. Syntheses of lactosyl ceramide analogues carrying novel bifunctional BODIPY dyes directed towards the differential analysis of multiplexed glycosphingolipids by MS/MS using iTRAQ. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:3010-3. [PMID: 24513689 DOI: 10.1039/c4cc00112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lactosyl ceramide analogues carrying novel bifunctional BODIPY-based fluorescent tags were designed and synthesised for live cell imaging. Addition of azide functionality on the fluorophore facilitated isobaric tagging for quantitative multiplexed analysis of biomolecules based on tandem mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyun Son
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
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5
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Park HM, Park JH, Kim YW, Kim KJ, Jeong HJ, Jang KS, Kim BG, Kim YG. The Xeno-glycomics database (XDB): a relational database of qualitative and quantitative pig glycome repertoire. Bioinformatics 2013; 29:2950-2. [PMID: 24013926 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btt504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY In recent years, the improvement of mass spectrometry-based glycomics techniques (i.e. highly sensitive, quantitative and high-throughput analytical tools) has enabled us to obtain a large dataset of glycans. Here we present a database named Xeno-glycomics database (XDB) that contains cell- or tissue-specific pig glycomes analyzed with mass spectrometry-based techniques, including a comprehensive pig glycan information on chemical structures, mass values, types and relative quantities. It was designed as a user-friendly web-based interface that allows users to query the database according to pig tissue/cell types or glycan masses. This database will contribute in providing qualitative and quantitative information on glycomes characterized from various pig cells/organs in xenotransplantation and might eventually provide new targets in the α1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knock out pigs era. AVAILABILITY The database can be accessed on the web at http://bioinformatics.snu.ac.kr/xdb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Min Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering and Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Department of Chemical Engineering, Soongsil University, Seoul 156-743, Korea Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics and Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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6
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Miyagawa S, Maeda A, Kawamura T, Ueno T, Usui N, Kondo S, Matsumoto S, Okitsu T, Goto M, Nagashima H. A comparison of the main structures of N-glycans of porcine islets with those from humans. Glycobiology 2013; 24:125-38. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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7
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Ohtake A, Daikoku S, Suzuki K, Ito Y, Kanie O. Analysis of the Cellular Dynamics of Fluorescently Tagged Glycosphingolipids by Using a Nanoliquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Platform. Anal Chem 2013; 85:8475-82. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401632t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Atsuko Ohtake
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- RIKEN,
Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama
351-0198 Japan
| | - Shusaku Daikoku
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- RIKEN,
Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama
351-0198 Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Suzuki
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- RIKEN,
Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama
351-0198 Japan
| | - Yukishige Ito
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- RIKEN,
Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama
351-0198 Japan
| | - Osamu Kanie
- Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), ERATO, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198 Japan
- RIKEN,
Synthetic Cellular Chemistry Laboratory, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama
351-0198 Japan
- Tokai University, Institute of Glycoscience, 4-1-1
Kitakaname, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 259-1292 Japan
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Jang KS, Kim YG, Adhya M, Park HM, Kim BG. The sweets standing at the borderline between allo- and xenotransplantation. Xenotransplantation 2013; 20:199-208. [PMID: 23551837 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Animal cells are densely covered with glycoconjugates, such as N-glycan, O-glycan, and glycosphingolipids, which are important for various biological and immunological events at the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix. Endothelial α-Gal carbohydrate epitopes (Galα3Gal-R) expressed on porcine tissue or cell surfaces are such glycoconjugates and directly mediate hyperacute immunological rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. Although researchers have been able to develop α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GalT) gene knockout (KO) pigs, there remain unclarified non-Gal antigens that prevent xenotransplantation. Based on our expertise in the structural analysis of xenoantigenic carbohydrates, we describe the immunologically significant non-human carbohydrate antigens, including α-Gal antigens, analyzed as part of efforts to assess the antigens responsible for hyperacute immunological rejection in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. The importance of studying human, pig, and GalT-KO pig glycoprofiles, and of developing adequate pig-to-human glycan databases, is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung-Soon Jang
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Interdisciplinary Program for Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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9
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Park HM, Yang YH, Kim BG, Kim YG. Structural characterization of α-galactosylated O-glycans from miniature pig kidney and endothelial cells. Carbohydr Res 2013; 369:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 12/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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10
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Basnet NB, Ide K, Tahara H, Tanaka Y, Ohdan H. Deficiency of N-glycolylneuraminic acid and Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc epitopes in xenogeneic cells attenuates cytotoxicity of human natural antibodies. Xenotransplantation 2011; 17:440-8. [PMID: 21158945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3089.2010.00610.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A number of carbohydrate structures apart from Galα1-3Galβ1-4GlcNAc (Gal) have been implicated as potential xenoantigens. Epitopes of another carbohydrate structure, namely N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc), are widely expressed on the surfaces of endothelial cells of all mammals, except humans, and are likely targets of anti-non-Gal antibodies (Abs). The purpose of this study is to assess whether deficiency of NeuGc and Gal epitopes in xenogeneic cells attenuates the cytotoxicity of naturally occurring antibodies in human sera. METHODS We generated mice deficient in both α1,3-galactosyltransferase (GalT) and cytidine monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH). Flow cytometric and immunohistochemical studies confirmed the complete absence of Gal and NeuGc expression in hematopoietic cells and tissue sections of the heart, lungs, liver, kidney, and pancreas in GalT(-/-) CMAH(-/-) double knockout (DKO) mice. The thymocytes obtained from wild-type (WT), GalT(-/-), CMAH(-/), and DKO mice were used to capture xenoreactive Abs present in human sera from healthy volunteers of each blood group. The titers and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of these Abs were determined by flow cytometry and the (51) Cr release assay, respectively. RESULTS In all sera, IgM and IgG Abs bound to the thymocytes of WT, GalT(-/-), CMAH(-/-), and DKO mice. The average values of IgM Abs against thymocytes of WT and CMAH(-/-) mice were similar, but were statistically higher than those against thymocytes of GalT(-/-) and DKO mice. The average value of IgG Abs against WT mouse thymocytes was similar to that against GalT(-/-) mouse thymocytes, but was significantly higher than that against thymocytes of CMAH(-/-) and DKO mice. Remarkable CDC of human sera was observed against the thymocytes of WT and CMAH(-/-) mice, whereas thymocytes of GalT(-/-) and DKO mice were more resistant to lysis. CDC of human sera against CMAH(-/-) mouse thymocytes was significantly lower than that against WT mouse thymocytes. In addition, CDC against DKO mouse thymocytes, which appeared undetectable even at lesser serum dilutions, was significantly lower than that against GalT(-/-) mouse thymocytes. CONCLUSIONS A DKO mice strain lacking both Gal and NeuGc antigens in several tissues has been generated. Comparing CDC of human sera against mouse thymocytes, the DKO strain shows a statistically significant but a small additional reduction in CDC compared to that already achieved in GalT(-/-) mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabin B Basnet
- Department of Surgery, Division of Frontier Medical Science, Programs for Biomedical Research, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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11
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Labeling of oligosaccharides for quantitative mass spectrometry. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:68-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2010] [Revised: 10/26/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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