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Zounr RA, Khuhawar MY, Khuhawar TMJ, Lanjwani MF, Khuhawar MY. GC Analysis of Metformin, Ranitidine and Famotidine from Pharmaceuticals and Human Serum. J Chromatogr Sci 2023; 61:807-813. [PMID: 37415425 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmad047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
A method has been designed based on gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (FID) for the separation and analyses of ranitidine, famotidine and metformin after pre-column derivatization with trifluoroacetylacetone and ethyl chloroformate. DB-1 (30 m × 0.32 mm id) column with film thickness 0.25 μm was used for the separation at an initial temperature of column was 100°C for 2 min, and ramping at 20°C/min up to 250°C, with a hold time of 3 min. The rate of nitrogen flow was 2.5 mL/min and FID was used for detection. Complete separation was obtained between all the three drugs including excess of derivatization reagents. Linear calibration curves and detection limits were obtained in the ranges 0.1-30 μg/mL and 0.011-0.015 μg/mL. The procedure was repeatable in terms of peak heights/peak areas and retention time (n = 5) for derivatization, quantitation and separation with relative standard deviations (RSDs) within 2.0-3.0%. The approach was examined for the analyses of drug products and serum after the intake of the drugs by healthy volunteers, and recoveries were obtained within 95-98% with RSDs 2.4-3.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwan A Zounr
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Y Khuhawar
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Taj M J Khuhawar
- Institute of Advanced Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad F Lanjwani
- Dr. M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muzamil Y Khuhawar
- Abbott Pharmaceutical Company in Korangi, Landhi Karachi 75106, Sindh, Pakistan
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Maleki S, Madrakian T, Afkhami A. Application of polyacrylonitrile nanofibers decorated with magnetic carbon dots as a resonance light scattering sensor to determine famotidine. Talanta 2018; 181:286-295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Walash MI, Ibrahim F, Abo El Abass S. Development and Validation of HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Famotidine, Paracetamol and Diclofenac in their Raw Materials and Pharmaceutical Formulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/22297928.2017.1353921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed I. Walash
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Fawzia Ibrahim
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Samah Abo El Abass
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Mansoura, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Alamgir M, Khuhawar MY, Memon SQ, Hayat A, Zounr RA. Spectrofluorimetric analysis of famotidine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids by derivatization with benzoin. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 134:449-452. [PMID: 25033237 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A sensitive and simple spectrofluorimetric method has been developed for the analysis of famotidine, from pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids after derivatization with benzoin. The reaction was carried out in alkaline medium with measurement of fluorescence intensity at 446 nm with excitation wavelength at 286 nm. Linear calibration was obtained with 0.5-15 μg/ml with coefficient of determination (r(2)) 0.997. The factors affecting the fluorescence intensity were optimized. The pharmaceutical additives and amino acid did not interfere in the determination. The mean percentage recovery (n=4) calculated by standard addition from pharmaceutical preparation was 94.8-98.2% with relative standard deviation (RSD) 1.56-3.34% and recovery from deproteinized spiked serum and urine of healthy volunteers was 98.6-98.9% and 98.0-98.4% with RSD 0.34-0.84% and 0.29-0.87% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malik Alamgir
- Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Yar Khuhawar
- Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Saima Q Memon
- M.A. Kazi Institute of Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Amir Hayat
- Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ali Zounr
- Institute of Advance Research Studies in Chemical Sciences, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan
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Preparation and characterization of iminodiacetic acid: magnetite nano-particles as a novel famotidine carrier substrate for sustained drug release. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00706-014-1312-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Wang X, Rytting E, Abdelrahman DR, Nanovskaya TN, Hankins GD, Ahmed MS. Quantitative determination of famotidine in human maternal plasma, umbilical cord plasma and urine using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2013; 27:866-73. [PMID: 23401067 PMCID: PMC3872971 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the quantitative determination of famotidine in human urine, maternal and umbilical cord plasma was developed and validated. The plasma samples were alkalized with ammonium hydroxide and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The extraction recovery of famotidine in maternal and umbilical cord plasma ranged from 53 to 64% and 72 to 79%, respectively. Urine samples were directly diluted with the initial mobile phase then injected into the HPLC system. Chromatographic separation of famotidine was achieved by using a Phenomenex Synergi™ Hydro-RP™ column with a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium acetate aqueous solution (pH 8.3, adjusted with ammonium hydroxide). Mass spectrometric detection of famotidine was set in the positive mode and used a selected ion monitoring method. Carbon-13-labeled famotidine was used as internal standard. The calibration curves were linear (r(2) > 0.99) in the concentration ranges of 0.631-252 ng/mL for umbilical and maternal plasma samples and 0.075-30.0 µg/mL for urine samples. The relative deviation of method was <14% for intra- and inter-day assays, and the accuracy ranged between 93 and 110%. The matrix effect of famotidine in human urine, maternal and umbilical cord plasma was less than 17%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Wang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Erik Rytting
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Doaa R. Abdelrahman
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Tatiana N. Nanovskaya
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Gary D.V. Hankins
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
| | - Mahmoud S. Ahmed
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0587, USA
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Deegan AM, Cullen M, Oelgemöller M, Nolan K, Tobin J, Morrissey A. A SPE-LC-MS/MS Method for the Detection of Low Concentrations of Pharmaceuticals in Industrial Waste Streams. ANAL LETT 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2011.565444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Chapter 3 famotidine. PROFILES OF DRUG SUBSTANCES, EXCIPIENTS, AND RELATED METHODOLOGY 2010; 34:115-51. [PMID: 22469173 DOI: 10.1016/s1871-5125(09)34003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
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Sun X, Tian Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y. A single LC–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of four H2 antagonists in human plasma. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2009; 877:3953-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2009.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 09/02/2009] [Accepted: 10/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Walash MI, el-Brashy A, el-Enany N, Kamel ME. Spectrofluorimetric determination of famotidine in pharmaceutical preparations and biological fluids. Application to stability studies. J Fluoresc 2008; 19:333-44. [PMID: 18956234 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-008-0421-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/07/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A simple, economic, selective, and stability indicating spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of famotidine (FMT); is based on its reaction with 9, 10-phenanthraquinone in alkaline medium to give a highly fluorescent derivative measured at 560 nm after excitation at 283 nm. The fluorescence intensity-concentration plot was rectilinear over the concentration range of 50-600 ng/ml with minimum quantification limit (LOQ) of 13.0 ng/ml and minimum detection limit (LOD) of 4.3 ng/ml. The factors affecting the development of the fluorescence intensity of the reaction product were carefully studied and optimized. The method was applied for the determination of FMT in its dosage forms. The stability of the compound was studied, and the proposed method was found to be stability indicating one. The results obtained were in good agreement with those obtained by the official method. Furthermore, the method was applied for the determination of FMT in spiked and real human plasma. The mean % recovery (n = 4) was found to be 99.94 +/- 0.24, and 105.13 +/- 0.64 for spiked and real human plasma, respectively. The composition of the reaction product as well as its stability constant was also investigated. Moreover, the method was utilized to investigate the kinetics of both alkaline and oxidative induced degradation of the drug. The apparent first order rate constant and half life time of the degradation product was calculated. A proposal of the reaction pathway was postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Walash
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
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Wille SMR, Lambert WEE. Recent developments in extraction procedures relevant to analytical toxicology. Anal Bioanal Chem 2007; 388:1381-91. [PMID: 17468854 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-007-1294-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2007] [Revised: 04/03/2007] [Accepted: 04/04/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Sample preparation is an important step in the development of an analytical method but is often regarded as time-consuming, laborious work. Optimum sample preparation leads to enhanced selectivity and sensitivity, however, and reduces amounts of interfering matrix compounds, resulting in less signal suppression or enhancement. Recent developments in extraction techniques that could be of interest in clinical and forensic toxicology, for example liquid-liquid, solid-phase, and headspace extraction, are summarized in this review. The advantages and disadvantages of several extraction techniques are discussed, to enable the reader to choose an appropriate method of extraction for his or her application. Attention is paid to current trends in analytical toxicology, for example miniaturization, high throughput, and automation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M R Wille
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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Kousoulos C, Tsatsou G, Apostolou C, Dotsikas Y, Loukas YL. Development of a high-throughput method for the determination of itraconazole and its hydroxy metabolite in human plasma, employing automated liquid-liquid extraction based on 96-well format plates and LC/MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 384:199-207. [PMID: 16333603 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-005-0159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/03/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A semi-automated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of the antifungal drug itraconazole (ITZ) and its coactive metabolite hydroxyitraconazole (OH-ITZ) in human plasma. The plasma samples underwent liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in 2.2 mL 96 deepwell plates. ITZ, OH-ITZ and the internal standard (IS) R51012 were extracted from plasma, using a mixture of acetonitrile (ACN) and methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE) as the organic solvent. This specific mixture, due to its composition, had a significant impact on the performance of the assay. All liquid transfer steps, including preparation of calibration standards and quality control samples as well as the addition of the IS, were performed automatically using robotic liquid handling workstations for parallel sample processing. After vortexing, centrifugation and freezing, the supernatant organic solvent was evaporated. The analytes and IS were dissolved in a small volume of a reconstitution solution, an aliquot of which was analyzed by combined reversed phase LC/MS/MS, with positive ion electrospray ionization and a TurboIonSpray interface, using multiple reactions monitoring (MRM). The method was shown to be sensitive and specific to both ITZ and OH-ITZ, it revealed excellent linearity for the range of concentrations 2-500 ng mL(-1) for ITZ and 4-1000 ng mL(-1) for OH-ITZ, it was very accurate and it gave very good inter- and intra-day precisions. The proposed high-throughput method was employed in a bioequivalence study after per os administration of two 100 mg tablets of ITZ, and it allowed this study to be completed in under four days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantinos Kousoulos
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Bioequivalence Services (GLP Compliant), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, 157 71, Athens, Greece
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Development of a rapid liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the determination of lisinopril, applicable for a bioequivalence study, employing a 96-well format solid phase extraction protocol. Anal Chim Acta 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2005.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zarghi A, Shafaati A, Foroutan SM, Khoddam A. Development of a rapid HPLC method for determination of famotidine in human plasma using a monolithic column. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 39:677-80. [PMID: 15894447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and sensitive HPLC method using a monolithic column has been developed for quantification of famotidine in plasma. The assay enables the measurement of famotidine for therapeutic drug monitoring with a minimum detectable limit of 5 ngml(-1). The method involves simple, one-step extraction procedure and analytical recovery was complete. The separation was carried out in reversed-phase conditions using a Chromolith Performance (RP-18e, 100 mm x 4.6 mm) column with an isocratic mobile phase consisting of 0.03 M disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer-acetonitrile (93:7, v/v) adjusted to pH 6.5. The wavelength was set at 267 nm. The calibration curve was linear over the concentration range 20-400 ngml(-1). The coefficients of variation for inter-day and intra-day assay were found to be less than 8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Zarghi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, No. 105, Shams Alley, Vali-E-Asr Ave, Across from Tavanir St., P.O. Box 14155-6153, Tehran, Iran.
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Wenning LA, Murphy MG, James LP, Blumer JL, Marshall JD, Baier J, Scheimann AO, Panebianco DL, Zhong L, Eisenhandler R, Yeh KC, Kearns GL. Pharmacokinetics of Famotidine in Infants. Clin Pharmacokinet 2005; 44:395-406. [PMID: 15828852 DOI: 10.2165/00003088-200544040-00004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although famotidine pharmacokinetics are similar in adults and children older than 1 year of age, they differ in neonates owing to developmental immaturity in renal function. Little is currently known about the pharmacokinetics of famotidine in infants aged between 1 month and 1 year, a period when renal function is maturing. OBJECTIVE To characterise the pharmacokinetics of famotidine in infants. DESIGN This was a two-part multicentre study with both single dose (Part I, open-label) and multiple dose (Part II, randomised) arms. PATIENTS Thirty-six infants (20 females and 16 males) who required treatment with famotidine and who had an indwelling arterial or venous catheter for reasons unrelated to the study. METHODS Infants in Part I were administered a single dose of famotidine 0.5 mg/kg; the dose was intravenous or oral according to the judgement of the attending physician. Infants receiving 0.5 mg/kg intravenously were divided into two groups by age, and pharmacokinetic parameters in infants 0-3 months and >3 to 12 months of age were compared. Infants in Part II were randomised to one of the following treatments: 0.25 mg/kg/dose intravenously or 0.5 mg/kg/dose orally on day 1 and subsequent days, or 0.25 mg/kg/dose intravenously or 0.5 mg/kg/dose orally on day 1 followed by doses of either 0.5 mg/kg/dose intravenously or 1 mg/kg/dose orally on subsequent days. From day 2 onwards, age-adjusted dose administration regimens (once daily in infants <3 months of age and every 12 hours in infants >3 months of age) were used; the total number of famotidine doses ranged from 3 to 11 and the total number of days of dose administration ranged from two to eight. RESULTS In infants <3 months of age, plasma and renal clearance of famotidine were decreased compared with infants >3 months of age. Pharmacokinetic parameters for the older infants (i.e. those >3 months) were similar to those previously reported for children and adults. Approximate dose-proportionality, no accumulation on multiple dosing and an estimated bioavailability similar to adult values were also observed. CONCLUSION A short course of famotidine therapy in infants appears generally well tolerated, and the characteristics of famotidine pharmacokinetics during the first year of life are explained to a great degree by the development of renal function, the primary route of elimination for this drug.
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Dotsikas Y, Kousoulos C, Tsatsou G, Loukas YL. Development of a rapid method for the determination of glimepiride in human plasma using liquid-liquid extraction based on 96-well format micro-tubes and liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2005; 19:2055-61. [PMID: 15988714 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A semi-automated liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) method was developed for the determination of glimepiride in human plasma. The plasma samples were treated by liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) in 1.2 mL 96-well format micro-tubes. Glimepiride and the internal standard (IS) glibenclamide were extracted from human plasma by LLE, using a mixture of ethyl acetate/diethyl ether 50:50 (v/v) as the organic solvent. After vortexing, centrifugation and freezing, the supernatant organic solvent was evaporated. The analyte and IS were dissolved in a small volume of a reconstitution solution, an aliquot of which was analyzed by reversed-phase LC/MS/MS with positive ion electrospray ionization, using multiple reaction monitoring. The method proved to be sensitive and specific for both drugs, and statistical evaluation revealed excellent linearity for the range of concentrations 2.0-500.0 ng/mL with very good accuracy and inter- and intra-day precisions. The proposed method enabled the rapid and reliable determination of glimepiride in pharmacokinetic or bioequivalence studies after per os administration of a 3 or 4 mg tablet of glimepiride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannis Dotsikas
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Bioequivalence Services (GLP Compliant), Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Athens, Panepistimioupoli Zografou, GR-157 71 Athens, Greece
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High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of famotidine in human plasma using solid-phase column extraction. JOURNAL OF THE SERBIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2003. [DOI: 10.2298/jsc0311883z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A rapid, specific and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of famotidine in human plasma has been developed. Famotidine and the internal standard were chromatographically separated from plasma components using a Lichrocart Lichrospher 60 RP select B cartridge for solid-phase separation with a mobile phase composed of 0.1 % (v/v) triethylamine in water (pH 3) and acetonitrile (92:8, v/v). UV detection was set at 270 nm. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 10.0 ? 350.0 ng mL-1. The method was implemented to monitor the famotidine levels in patient samples.
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2001; 36:1076-1082. [PMID: 11599087 DOI: 10.1002/jms.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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