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Mahavy CE, Razanatseheno AJ, Mol A, Ngezahayo J, Duez P, El Jaziri M, Baucher M, Rasamiravaka T. Edible Medicinal Guava Fruit ( Psidium guajava L.) Are a Source of Anti-Biofilm Compounds against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1122. [PMID: 38674531 PMCID: PMC11054768 DOI: 10.3390/plants13081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Psidium guajava is one of the most common edible medicinal plants frequently used in Malagasy traditional medicine to treat gastrointestinal infections. In order to evaluate their probable antibacterial activities, three organic extracts (successive extractions by hexane, dichloromethane, and ethanol) of ripe guava fruits were assessed for their bactericidal and anti-virulence properties against P. aeruginosa PAO1. Although these three extracts have shown no direct antibacterial activity (MIC of 1000 µg/mL) and, at the non-bactericidal concentration of 100 µg/mL, no impact on the production of major P. aeruginosa PAO1 virulence factors (pyocyanin and rhamnolipids), the hexane and dichloromethane extracts showed significant anti-biofilm properties and the dichloromethane extract disrupted the P. aeruginosa PAO1 swarming motility. Bioguided fractionation of the dichloromethane extract led to the isolation and identification of lycopene and β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside as major anti-biofilm compounds. Interestingly, both compounds disrupt P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation and maintenance with IC50 of 1383 µM and 131 µM, respectively. More interestingly, both compounds displayed a synergistic effect with tobramycin with a two-fold increase in its effectiveness in killing biofilm-encapsulated P. aeruginosa PAO1. The present study validates the traditional uses of this edible medicinal plant, indicating the therapeutic effectiveness of guava fruits plausibly through the presence of these tri- and tetraterpenoids, which deserve to be tested against pathogens generally implicated in diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Emmanuel Mahavy
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
| | | | - Adeline Mol
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jeremie Ngezahayo
- Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles et de l'Environnement (CRSNE), Université du Burundi, Bujumbura BP 2700, Burundi
| | - Pierre Duez
- Unit of Therapeutic Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Mons, B-7000 Mons, Belgium
| | - Mondher El Jaziri
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie Baucher
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tsiry Rasamiravaka
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Antananarivo, BP 906, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar
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Maoka T. Carotenoids: Distribution, Function in Nature, and Analysis Using LC-Photodiode Array Detector (DAD)-MS and MS/MS System. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2023; 12:A0133. [PMID: 37937116 PMCID: PMC10626154 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are tetraterpene pigments that are present in photosynthetic bacteria, some species of archaea and fungi, algae, plants, and animals. Carotenoids are essential pigments in photosynthetic organs along with chlorophylls. Carotenoids also act as photo-protectors, antioxidants, color attractants, and precursors of plant hormones in plants. Carotenoids in animals play important roles, such as precursors of vitamin A, photo-protectors, antioxidants, enhancers of immunity, and contributors to reproduction. More than 850 kinds of carotenoids are present in nature. The structures are similar and all of them are labile. Analysis of natural carotenoids requires the establishment of reliable methods for analyzing them. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (MS/MS) coupled with photodiode array detector (DAD) is an important tool for analysis of natural carotenoids. Electrospray ionization and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization are commonly used for ionization of LC-MS of carotenoids. MS and MS/MS provide not only molecular weight information but also some structural information on carotenoids. Ultraviolet-visible spectra from DAD provide information on chromophore systems, which cannot be provided by MS spectral data. In the present review, I report the structural diversity and function of natural carotenoids, and also describe the techniques for analysis of natural carotenoids using the LC-DAD-MS and MS/MS system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Maoka
- Research Institute for Production Development, Shimogamo-Morimoto cho, Sakyoku, Kyoto 606–0805, Japan
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3
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Noby N, Khattab SN, Soliman NA. Sustainable production of bacterioruberin carotenoid and its derivatives from Arthrobacter agilis NP20 on whey-based medium: optimization and product characterization. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:46. [PMID: 38647623 PMCID: PMC10991996 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00662-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterioruberin and its rare glycosylated derivatives are produced by Arthrobacter agilis as an adaptation strategy to low temperature conditions. The high antioxidant properties of bacterioruberin held great promise for different future applications like the pharmaceutical and food industries. Microbial production of bacterioruberin via a cost-effective medium will help increase its commercial availability and industrial use. The presented study aims to optimize the production of the rare C50 carotenoid bacterioruberin and its derivatives from the psychotrophic bacteria Arthrobacter agilis NP20 strain on a whey-based medium as a cost effective and readily available nutritious substrate. The aim of the study is extended to assess the efficiency of whey treatment in terms of estimating total nitrogen content in treated and untreated whey samples. The significance of medium ingredients on process outcome was first tested individually; then the most promising factors were further optimized using Box Behnken design (BBD). The produced carotenoids were characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, HPLC-DAD chromatography and HPLC-APCI-MS spectrometry. The maximum pigment yield (5.13 mg/L) was achieved after a 72-h incubation period on a core medium composed of 96% sweet whey supplemented with 0.46% MgSO4 & 0.5% yeast extract and inoculated with 6% (v/v) of a 24 h pre-culture (109 CFU/mL). The cost of the formulated medium was 1.58 $/L compared with 30.1 $/L of Bacto marine broth medium. The extracted carotenoids were identified as bacterioruberin, bis-anhydrobacteriouberin, mono anhydrobacterioruberin, and glycosylated bacterioruberin. The presented work illustrates the possibility of producing bacterioruberin carotenoid from Arthrobacter agilis through a cost-effective and eco-friendly approach using cheese whey-based medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nehad Noby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21526, Egypt.
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21321, Egypt
| | - Nadia A Soliman
- Bioprocess Development Department, Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology Research Institute (GEBRI), City of Scientific Research & Technological Applications, (SRTA-City), New Borg Elarab, Alexandria, Egypt
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4
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Ko EY, Lee JH, Sivanesan I, Choi MJ, Keum YS, Saini RK. Carotenoid and Tocopherol Profiling in 18 Korean Traditional Green Leafy Vegetables by LC-SIM-MS. Foods 2023; 12:foods12061312. [PMID: 36981238 PMCID: PMC10048374 DOI: 10.3390/foods12061312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Fruits and vegetables are a vital source of redox-active phytochemicals in the diet. Traditional green leafy vegetables (GLVs) are a rich source of carotenoids, dietary fiber, minerals, phenols, vitamins, and tocopherols and are commonly consumed in rural areas worldwide. In traditional Korean medicine, many GLVs are used to treat various ailments. However, data on the carotenoid and tocopherol content of many traditional GLVs consumed in the Republic of Korea are insufficient. The current work aims to compare the carotenoid and tocopherol profiles of 18 traditional GLVs by utilizing a single ion monitoring LC-MS approach to identify the potential GLVs for commercial cultivation and healthy diet formulations. Among the traditional GLVs investigated, (all-E)-lutein was the most abundant carotenoid, ranging from 44.4% in Glehnia littoralis to 52.1% in Heracleum moellendorffii. It was followed by (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene. The highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin (75.6 µg/g FW), 9-Z-neoxanthin (48.4 µg/g FW), (all-E)-luteoxanthin (10.8 µg/g FW), (all-E)-lutein (174.1 µg/g FW), total xanthophylls (310.5 µg/g FW), (all-E)-β-carotene (69.6 µg/g FW), and total carotenoids (380.1 µg/g FW) were recorded in Pimpinella brachycarpa. Surprisingly, Taraxacum mongolicum also showed the highest contents of (all-E)-violaxanthin, (all-E)-lutein, and total carotenoids, which were statistically non-significant (p > 0.05, Tukey HSD) with P. brachycarpa. The highest concentration of (all-E)-zeaxanthin (14.4 µg/g FW) was recorded in Solidago virga-aurea. Among the studied herbs, 13.9 (H. moellendorffii)–133.6 µg/g FW (Toona sinensis) of α-tocopherol was recorded. Overall, the results suggest that P. brachycarpa and T. mongolicum are rich sources of carotenoids. On the other hand, T. sinensis is a rich source of α-tocopherol. These GLVs can be utilized in the diet to enhance the intake of health-beneficial carotenoids and α-tocopherol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Ko
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Iyyakkannu Sivanesan
- Department of Bioresources and Food Science, Institute of Natural Science and Agriculture, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mi-Jung Choi
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology of Animal Resources, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea;
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (R.K.S.)
| | - Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (J.-H.L.); (Y.-S.K.); (R.K.S.)
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de Barros-Santos RG, Pimentel TC, Amorim TA, da Silva Nogueira ET, de Oliveira Vilar SB, de Souza MEAO, de Brito Araújo Carvalho AJ, Magnani M, dos Santos Lima M. Ultra-fast Determination of Free Carotenoids in Fruit Juices by Rapid Resolution Liquid Chromatography (RRLC): Method Validation and Characterization of Brazilian Whole Fruit Juices. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-023-02458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2023]
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6
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Profiling of Nutritionally Vital Bioactive Compounds in Emerging Green Leafy Vegetables: A Comparative Study. Foods 2022; 11:foods11233867. [PMID: 36496677 PMCID: PMC9736515 DOI: 10.3390/foods11233867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Green leafy vegetables (GLVs), especially lettuce and spinach, are the key source of bioactive antioxidants in a diet. This research compared the contents and composition of lettuce and spinach bioactive compounds with emerging GLVs, moringa and fenugreek. Liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) with single ion monitoring (SIM) was used to examine carotenoids and tocols, while phytosterols were examined using gas chromatography (GC)-MS. Among the studied GLVs, the (all-E)-lutein was the most dominating carotenoid ranging between 31.3 (green/red lettuce)−45.3 % (fenugreek) of total carotenoids, followed by (all-E)-violaxanthin and (all-E)-β-carotene. Surprisingly, (all-E)-β-carotene, a provitamin A carotenoid, was the second most dominating carotenoid in moringa, accounting for 109.2 µg/g fresh weight (FW). Moreover, the significantly highest (p < 0.05; Tukey HSD) contents of total carotenoids (473.3 µg/g FW), α-tocopherol (83.7 µg/g FW), and total phytosterols (206.4 µg/g FW) were recorded in moringa. Therefore, moringa foliage may serve as an affordable source of nutritionally vital constituents in a diet.
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Yu Z, Xia M, Li X, Wang R, Liu W, Zheng R, Wang Z, Yang L, Shi Y. Characterization of carotenoids in Lycium barbarum fruit by using UPC2-PDA-Q-TOF-MSE couple with deep eutectic solvents extraction and evaluation of their 5α-reductase inhibitory activity. Front Chem 2022; 10:1052000. [PMID: 36426103 PMCID: PMC9679622 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1052000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids from Lycium barbarum fruits have possessed pharmacological efficacy against eye diseases, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and benign prostatic hyperplasia. However, the efficient extraction, rapid characterization and activities evaluation of Lycium carotenoids remains a challenge. To concentrate and characterize Lycium carotenoids, we have developed ultrasound-assisted extraction methods with different deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and analyzed carotenoids by ultra-performance convergence chromatography coupled with photo diode array detector and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPC2-PDA-Q-TOF-MSE). DESs containing choline chloride and malonic acid presented better extraction efficiency and were more environmentally friendly than other extraction methods. Carotenoids were more quickly profiled (in 11 min) by UPC2 compared to by UPLC (in 35 min), with seventeen main peaks were characterized in the MS fragmentation patterns. The in vitro 5α-reductase inhibitory activity of DESs extracts, fractions and components were subsequently assessed, and the predominant component zeaxanthin dipalmitate (ZD) exhibited potent inhibitory activity. Our study provides a chemical and pharmacological basis for the further development of potential new drugs based on Lycium carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglian Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengqin Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueping Li
- Institute of TCM International Standardization, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruirong Zheng
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Yang
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhong Shi, ; Li Yang,
| | - Yanhong Shi
- Institute of TCM International Standardization, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- The MOE Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yanhong Shi, ; Li Yang,
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8
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Carotenoid Cocktail Produced by An Antarctic Soil Flavobacterium with Biotechnological Potential. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122419. [PMID: 34946021 PMCID: PMC8704924 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are highly important in pigmentation, and its content in farmed crustaceans and fish correlates to their market value. These pigments also have a nutritional role in aquaculture where they are routinely added as a marine animal food supplement to ensure fish development and health. However, there is little information about carotenoids obtained from Antarctic bacteria and its use for pigmentation improvement and flesh quality in aquaculture. This study identified carotenoids produced by Antarctic soil bacteria. The pigmented strain (CN7) was isolated on modified Luria–Bertani (LB) media and incubated at 4 °C. This Gram-negative bacillus was identified by 16S rRNA analysis as Flavobacterium segetis. Pigment extract characterization was performed through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and identification with liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS). HPLC analyses revealed that this bacterium produces several pigments in the carotenoid absorption range (six peaks). LC–MS confirms the presence of one main peak corresponding to lutein or zeaxanthin (an isomer of lutein) and several other carotenoid pigments and intermediaries in a lower quantity. Therefore, we propose CN7 strain as an alternative model to produce beneficial carotenoid pigments with potential nutritional applications in aquaculture.
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Network Pharmacology/Metabolomics-Based Validation of AMPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway as a Central Role of Shengqi Fuzheng Injection Regulation of Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Cancer-Related Fatigue. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5556212. [PMID: 34326918 PMCID: PMC8302405 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5556212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chinese herbal medicines have multiple targets and properties, and their use in multidisciplinary cancer therapies has consequently received increasing attention. Here, we have investigated the possible active ingredients associated with cancer-related fatigue (CRF) in the Shengqi Fuzheng Injection (SFI). In vitro cell models were used to measure the regulation effects of SFI on CRF. Metabolomic analysis was used to identify the potential genes and pathways in C2C12 mouse myoblasts treated with SFI, and the interaction of compounds and CRF targets was predicted using network pharmacology and molecular docking analyses. The putative pathways were further verified using immuno-blotting assays. The results showed that SFI significantly inhibited muscle cell apoptosis and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential of muscle cells. The network pharmacology analysis results identified 36 candidate compounds, and 244 potential targets were yielded by SFI, and they shared 10 key targets associated with cancer-related fatigue. According to the enrichment analysis and experimental validation, SFI might ameliorate muscle cell mitochondrial function by activating AMPK and inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and the expression changes of mitochondrial metabolic enzymes MnSOD and apoptosis-associated proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were also triggered. The functions and mechanisms of SFI in anticancer-related fatigue were found here to be at least partly due to the targeting of the AMPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, and this has highlighted new potential applications for network pharmacology when researching Chinese Medicines.
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Daood HG, Ráth S, Palotás G, Halász G, Hamow K, Helyes L. Efficient HPLC Separation on a Core-C30 Column with MS2 Characterization of Isomers, Derivatives and Unusual Carotenoids from Tomato Products. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 60:336-347. [PMID: 34184033 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmab085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and rapid liquid chromatographic method was developed for the separation of carotenoids and their geometrical isomers in tomato products using a core C30 column of 2.6 μm particles with gradient elution of tert-butyl-methyl-ether in 2% water in methanol. Excellent separation of the major carotenoids such as lycopene, β-carotene and lutein as well as their geometrical isomers and oxygen-containing derivatives with resolution factors ranging between 0.78 and 4.0 and selectivity of 1.01-1.63 was achieved. Validation of the developed method met the acceptance criteria concerning linearity, recovery, precision and limit of detection and quantification. Calibrations were linear with correlation coefficient (R2) values between 0.9966 and 0.9999. The limit of detection and quantification values were found to be 0.008 and 0.017 and 0.029 and 0.056 μg/mL, respectively. Recovery of 94.3-99.9%, intraday precision of 1.81-4.45% and interday precision of 3.13-6.86% were obtained. The hyphenation of liquid chromatography with diode-array and mass spectrometry was helpful in the identification of the separated carotenoids particularly the unusual di-hydroxy cyclolycopene adduct and di-methoxy lycopene determined for the first time in tomato products. Commercially available kinds of tomato juice and ketchup were evaluated based on their carotenoid content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein G Daood
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Szilvia Ráth
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Gábor Palotás
- Univer Product Enterprice, Szolnoki út 35, 6000 Kecskemét, Hungary
| | - Gábor Halász
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Kamiran Hamow
- Centre for Agricultural Research, Plant Protection Institute, Brunszvik u. 2, 2462 Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Lajos Helyes
- Regional Knowledge Centre, Hungarian University of Agricultural and Life Sciences (former Szent István University), Páter K.u.1, 2100 Gödöllő, Hungary
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Neto FC, Guaratini T, Colepicolo P, Gates PJ, Lopes NP. Characteristic product ions of acetylene carotenoids by electrospray and nanospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8811. [PMID: 32286716 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Carnevale Neto
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
- Northwest Metabolomics Research Center, Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, 850 Republican Street, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Thais Guaratini
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
- Lychnoflora Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Produtos Naturais LTDA, Incubadora SUPERA, Campus da Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
| | - Pio Colepicolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Paul J Gates
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- Núcleo de Pesquisa em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos (NPPNS), Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14040-903, Brazil
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Bunch Microclimate Affects Carotenoids Evolution in cv. Nebbiolo (V. vinifera L.). APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10113846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of bunch microclimate on the evolution of some relevant carotenoids in Nebbiolo grapes. Four bunch-zone microclimates, defined by different vineyard aspect and vine vigor, were characterized by radiation and temperature indices. Berry samples were collected from green phase up to harvest, during two consecutive seasons and carotenoid determination was assessed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). High carotenoid concentrations were highlighted in Nebbiolo. Lutein and neoxanthin contents (μg berry−1) varied similarly in both seasons achieving a concentration peak after veraison especially in the cooler plots while a variety effect on the lutein seasonal trend was presumed. Conversely, β-carotene content remained generally constant during ripening, with the exception of the south plots showing dissimilar evolution between the seasons. Furthermore, higher temperature in the less vigorous and south facing vineyards led to lower amounts of carotenoids, both during ripening and at harvest. Bunch zone temperature and light condition may affect both synthesis and degradation of grape carotenoids determining their amount and profile at harvest. These findings add further knowledge about the influence of climate changes on grape aroma precursors, and are useful to adapt cultural strategies and preserve grape quality consequently.
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How Pre-Harvest Inactivated Yeast Treatment May Influence the Norisoprenoid Aroma Potential in Wine Grapes. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are important secondary metabolites in wine grapes and play a key role as potential precursors of aroma compounds (i.e., C13-norisoprenoids), which have a high sensorial impact in wines. There is scarce information about the influence of pre-harvest inactivated yeast treatment on the norisoprenoid aroma potential of grapes. Thus, this work aimed to study the effect of the foliar application of yeast extracts (YE) to Negro Amaro and Primitivo grapevines on the carotenoid content during grape ripening and the difference between the resulting véraison and maturity (ΔC). The results showed that β-carotene and (allE)-lutein were the most abundant carotenoids in all samples, ranging from 60% to 70% of total compounds. Their levels, as well as those of violaxanthin, (9′Z)-neoxanthin, and 5,6-epoxylutein, decreased during ripening. This was especially observed in treated grapes, with ΔC values from 2.6 to 4.2-fold higher than in untreated grapes. Besides this, a principal components analysis (PCA) demonstrated that lutein, β-carotene, and violaxanthin and (9′Z)-neoxanthin derivatives principally characterized Negro Amaro and Primitivo, respectively. Thereby, the YE treatment has proved to be effective in improving the C13-norisoprenoid aroma potentiality of Negro Amaro and Primitivo, which are fundamental cultivars in the context of Italian wine production.
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Zeb A, Imran M. Carotenoids, pigments, phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of Oxalis corniculata leaves. FOOD BIOSCI 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2019.100472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fábryová T, Cheel J, Kubáč D, Hrouzek P, Vu DL, Tůmová L, Kopecký J. Purification of lutein from the green microalgae Chlorella vulgaris by integrated use of a new extraction protocol and a multi-injection high performance counter-current chromatography (HPCCC). ALGAL RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2019.101574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Asker D, Awad TS. Isolation and characterization of a novel lutein-producing marine microalga using high throughput screening. Food Res Int 2019; 116:660-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.08.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Stoyneva-Gärtner M, Stoykova P, Uzunov B, Dincheva I, Atanassov I, Draganova P, Borisova C, Gärtner G. Carotenoids in five aeroterrestrial strains fromVischeria/Eustigmatosgroup: updating the pigment pattern of Eustigmatophyceae. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2018.1562984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Stoyneva-Gärtner
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Stoykova
- Functional Genetics Legumes Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Blagoy Uzunov
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Resources Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Atanassov
- Molecular Genetics Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Draganova
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Cvetanka Borisova
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Georg Gärtner
- Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Asproudi A, Ferrandino A, Bonello F, Vaudano E, Pollon M, Petrozziello M. Key norisoprenoid compounds in wines from early-harvested grapes in view of climate change. Food Chem 2018; 268:143-152. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Marchetti N, Bonetti G, Brandolini V, Cavazzini A, Maietti A, Meca G, Mañes J. Stinging nettle (Urtica dioica L.) as a functional food additive in egg pasta: Enrichment and bioaccessibility of Lutein and β-carotene. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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Schex R, Lieb VM, Jiménez VM, Esquivel P, Schweiggert RM, Carle R, Steingass CB. HPLC-DAD-APCI/ESI-MS n analysis of carotenoids and α-tocopherol in Costa Rican Acrocomia aculeata fruits of varying maturity stages. Food Res Int 2018; 105:645-653. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rojas-Garbanzo C, Gleichenhagen M, Heller A, Esquivel P, Schulze-Kaysers N, Schieber A. Carotenoid Profile, Antioxidant Capacity, and Chromoplasts of Pink Guava (Psidium guajava L. Cv. 'Criolla') during Fruit Ripening. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3737-3747. [PMID: 28301727 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Pigments of pericarp and pulp of pink guava (Psidium guajava L. cv. 'Criolla') were investigated to elucidate the profile and the accumulation of main carotenoids during four stages of fruit ripening by using HPLC-DAD and APCI-MS/MS analysis. Seventeen carotenoids were identified, and changes in their profile during fruit ripening were observed. The carotenoids all-trans-β-carotene, 15-cis-lycopene, and all-trans-lycopene were present in all ripening stages, but all-trans-lycopene was found to be predominant (from 63% to 92% of total carotenoids) and responsible for the high lipophilic antioxidant capacity determined by spectrophotometric assays. By using light and transmission electron microscopy, the development of chromoplasts in pericarp and pulp was demonstrated. The accumulation of all-trans-lycopene and all-trans-β-carotene coincided with the development of large crystals; the chromoplasts of pink guava belong, therefore, to the crystalline type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rojas-Garbanzo
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn , Römerstraße 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany
- National Center for Food Science and Technology (CITA), University of Costa Rica , 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Maike Gleichenhagen
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn , Römerstraße 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany
| | - Annerose Heller
- Institute of Botany (210), University of Hohenheim , Garbenstraße 30, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Patricia Esquivel
- School of Food Technology, University of Costa Rica , 11501-2060 San José, Costa Rica
| | - Nadine Schulze-Kaysers
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn , Römerstraße 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Schieber
- Institute of Nutritional and Food Sciences, Molecular Food Technology, University of Bonn , Römerstraße 164, D-53117 Bonn, Germany
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Neto FC, Guaratini T, Costa-Lotufo L, Colepicolo P, Gates PJ, Lopes NP. Re-investigation of the fragmentation of protonated carotenoids by electrospray ionization and nanospray tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2016; 30:1540-1548. [PMID: 27321841 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carotenoids are polyene isoprenoids with an important role in photosynthesis and photoprotection. Their characterization in biological matrices is a crucial subject for biochemical research. In this work we report the full fragmentation of 16 polyenes (carotenes and xanthophylls) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-CID-MS/MS) and nanospray tandem mass spectrometry (nanoESI-CID-MS/MS). METHODS Analyses were carried out on a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass spectrometer coupled with a nanoESI source and on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) mass spectrometer with an ESI source. The formulae of the product ions were determined by accurate-mass measurements. RESULTS It is demonstrated that the fragmentation routes observed for the protonated carotenoids derive essentially from charge-remote fragmentations and pericyclic rearrangements, such as electrocyclic and retro-ene eliminations (assisted or not by a sigmatropic hydrogen shift). All mechanisms are dependent on cis-trans isomerization through the formation of several conjugated polyene carbocation intermediates. Some specific ions for the carotenoid epoxides were justified through formation of cyclic oxonium ions. CONCLUSIONS Complete fragmentation pathways of protonated carotenoids by ESI- and nanoESI-CID-MS/MS provided structural information about functional groups, polyene chain and double bonds, and contribute to identification of carotenoids based on MS/MS fragmentation patterns. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fausto Carnevale Neto
- NPPNS, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Guaratini
- NPPNS, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Lychnoflora Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Produtos Naturais LTDA, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Pio Colepicolo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paul J Gates
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantocks Close, Bristol, UK
| | - Norberto Peporine Lopes
- NPPNS, Departamento de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Rivera Vélez SM. Guide for Carotenoid Identification in Biological Samples. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2016; 79:1473-1484. [PMID: 27158746 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b00756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years there has been considerable interest in carotenoids with respect to their biological roles in animals, microorganisms, and plants, in addition to their use in the chemical, cosmetics, food, pharmaceutical, poultry, and other industries. However, the structural diversity, the different range of concentration, and the presence of cis/trans-isomers complicate the identification of carotenoids. This review provides updated information on their physical and chemical properties as well as spectroscopic and chromatographic data for the unambiguous determination of carotenoids in biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol Maiam Rivera Vélez
- Program in Individualized Medicine, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University , Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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Rahbar AR, Mahmoudabadi MMS, Islam MS. Comparative effects of red and white grapes on oxidative markers and lipidemic parameters in adult hypercholesterolemic humans. Food Funct 2016; 6:1992-8. [PMID: 26007320 DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00100e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The present study compared the effects of consuming red versus white whole grapes on oxidative and lipidemic indices in people with hypercholesterolemia. Sixty nine patients were randomized into three groups. The two treatment groups consumed 500 g of either Condori red grapes or Shahroodi white grapes daily for 8 weeks, and the third group served as a control. Plasma glucose, triacylglycerol (TG), cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were determined by colorimetric methods at baseline and at the end of the study. In addition, the polyphenol and fiber content of the two grape varieties was measured. TBARS was reduced in both study groups compared to the control group, and the reduction was greater in the group that consumed red grapes compared to the white grapes. TAC was increased significantly in both red and white grape consuming groups compared to the control group. Total cholesterol and LDL-C were decreased in the red grape group compared to the control group. No significant changes in fasting blood glucose, TG or HDL-C were observed among the groups. The results of this study suggest that consumption of the whole fruit of red grapes has more potent anti-oxidative and hypolipidemic effects compared to the white grapes in hyperlipidemic adult humans. Hence, the whole fruit of red grapes may be an excellent fruit choice not only to prevent oxidative stress related metabolic disorders but also cholesterol related cardiovascular diseases, particularly in hyperlipidemic adult humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Reza Rahbar
- Department of Nutrition, Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran.
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Rambla JL, Trapero-Mozos A, Diretto G, Rubio-Moraga A, Granell A, Gómez-Gómez L, Ahrazem O. Gene-Metabolite Networks of Volatile Metabolism in Airen and Tempranillo Grape Cultivars Revealed a Distinct Mechanism of Aroma Bouquet Production. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1619. [PMID: 27833635 PMCID: PMC5082229 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Volatile compounds are the major determinants of aroma and flavor in both grapes and wine. In this study, we investigated the emission of volatile and non-volatile compounds during berry maturation in two grape varieties (Airén and Tempranillo) throughout 2010 and 2011. HS-SPME coupled to gas chromatography and mass spectrometry was applied for the identification and relative quantitation of these compounds. Principal component analysis was performed to search for variability between the two cultivars and evolution during 10 developmental stages. Results showed that there are distinct differences in volatile compounds between cultivars throughout fruit development. Early stages were characterized in both cultivars by higher levels of some apocarotenoids such as β-cyclocitral or β-ionone, terpenoids (E)-linalool oxide and (Z)-linalool oxide and several furans, while the final stages were characterized by the highest amounts of ethanol, benzenoid phenylacetaldehyde and 2-phenylethanol, branched-amino acid-derived 3-methylbutanol and 2-methylbutanol, and a large number of lipid derivatives. Additionally, we measured the levels of the different classes of volatile precursors by using liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. In both varieties, higher levels of carotenoid compounds were detected in the earlier stages, zeaxanthin and α-carotene were only detected in Airén while neoxanthin was found only in Tempranillo; more variable trends were observed in the case of the other volatile precursors. Furthermore, we monitored the expression of homolog genes of a set of transcripts potentially involved in the biosynthesis of these metabolites, such as some glycosyl hydrolases family 1, lipoxygenases, alcohol dehydrogenases hydroperoxide lyases, O-methyltransferases and carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases during the defined developmental stages. Finally, based on Pearson correlation analyses, we explored the metabolite-metabolite fluctuations within VOCs/precursors during the berry development; as well as tentatively linking the formation of some metabolites detected to the expression of some of these genes. Our data showed that the two varieties displayed a very different pattern of relationships regarding the precursor/volatile metabolite-metabolite fluctuations, being the lipid and the carotenoid metabolism the most distinctive between the two varieties. Correlation analysis showed a higher degree of overall correlation in precursor/volatile metabolite-metabolite levels in Airén, confirming the enriched aroma bouquet characteristic of the white varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Rambla
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaAlbacete, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Almudena Trapero-Mozos
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaAlbacete, Spain
| | - Gianfranco Diretto
- Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy, and Sustainable Development, Casaccia Research CentreRome, Italy
| | - Angela Rubio-Moraga
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaAlbacete, Spain
| | - Antonio Granell
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-Universidad Politécnica de ValenciaValencia, Spain
| | - Lourdes Gómez-Gómez
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaAlbacete, Spain
| | - Oussama Ahrazem
- Facultad de Farmacia, Instituto Botánico, Universidad de Castilla-La ManchaAlbacete, Spain
- Fundación Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla-La ManchaAlbacete, Spain
- *Correspondence: Oussama Ahrazem
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Gentili A, Caretti F, Ventura S, Pérez-Fernández V, Venditti A, Curini R. Screening of Carotenoids in Tomato Fruits by Using Liquid Chromatography with Diode Array-Linear Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:7428-7439. [PMID: 26257083 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents an analytical strategy for a large-scale screening of carotenoids in tomato fruits by exploiting the potentialities of the triple quadrupole-linear ion trap hybrid mass spectrometer (QqQLIT). The method involves separation on C30 reversed-phase column and identification by means of diode array detection (DAD) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry (APCI-MS). The authentic standards of six model compounds were used to optimize the separative conditions and to predict the chromatographic behavior of untargeted carotenoids. An information dependent acquisition (IDA) was performed with (i) enhanced-mass scan (EMS) as the survey scan, (ii) enhanced-resolution (ER) scan to obtain the exact mass of the precursor ions (16-35 ppm), and (iii) enhanced product ion (EPI) scan as dependent scan to obtain structural information. LC-DAD-multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) chromatograms were also acquired for the identification of targeted carotenoids occurring at low concentrations; for the first time, the relative abundance between the MRM transitions (ion ratio) was used as an extra tool for the MS distinction of structural isomers and the related families of geometrical isomers. The whole analytical strategy was high-throughput, because a great number of experimental data could be acquired with few analytical steps, and cost-effective, because only few standards were used; when applied to characterize some tomato varieties ('Tangerine', 'Pachino', 'Datterino', and 'Camone') and passata of 'San Marzano' tomatoes, our method succeeded in identifying up to 44 carotenoids in the 'Tangerine'" variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Gentili
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro No. 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fulvia Caretti
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro No. 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ventura
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro No. 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Virginia Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro No. 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Venditti
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro No. 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Roberta Curini
- Department of Chemistry and ‡Department of Environmental Biology, University of Rome "La Sapienza" , Piazzale Aldo Moro No. 5, P.O. Box 34, Posta 62, 00185 Roma, Italy
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Ribeiro AB, Chisté RC, Freitas M, da Silva AF, Visentainer JV, Fernandes E. Psidium cattleianum fruit extracts are efficient in vitro scavengers of physiologically relevant reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. Food Chem 2014; 165:140-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rivera SM, Christou P, Canela-Garayoa R. Identification of carotenoids using mass spectrometry. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2014; 33:353-372. [PMID: 24178708 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The present review compiles positive MS fragmentation data of selected carotenoids obtained using various ionization techniques and matrices. In addition, new experimental data from the analysis of carotenoids in transgenic maize and rice callus are provided. Several carotenes and oxygen-functionalized carotenoids containing epoxy, hydroxyl, and ketone groups were ionized by atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in positive ion mode. Thus, on the basis of the information obtained from the literature and our own experiments, we identified characteristic carotenoid ions that can be associated to functional groups in the structures of these compounds. In addition, pigments with a very similar structure were differentiated through comparison of the intensities of their fragments. The data provide a basis for the structural elucidation of carotenoids by mass spectrometry (MS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sol M Rivera
- Department of Chemistry, ETSEA, University of Lleida-Agrotecnio Center, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain
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Liu HL, Chen BH, Kao TH, Shiau CY. Carotenoids composition in Scutellaria barbata D. Don as detected by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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Santos J, Herrero M, Mendiola J, Oliva-Teles M, Ibáñez E, Delerue-Matos C, Oliveira M. Assessment of nutritional and metabolic profiles of pea shoots: The new ready-to-eat baby-leaf vegetable. Food Res Int 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2014.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pop RM, Weesepoel Y, Socaciu C, Pintea A, Vincken JP, Gruppen H. Carotenoid composition of berries and leaves from six Romanian sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) varieties. Food Chem 2014; 147:1-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.09.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Delpino-Rius A, Eras J, Marsol-Vall A, Vilaró F, Balcells M, Canela-Garayoa R. Ultra performance liquid chromatography analysis to study the changes in the carotenoid profile of commercial monovarietal fruit juices. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1331:90-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.01.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Qiu D, Zhu WL, Tang CK, Shi LF, Gao HQ. Identification of the Composition of Isomeric Canthaxanthin Sample by NMR, HPLC, and Mass Spectrometry. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-013-9660-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Crupi P, Toci AT, Mangini S, Wrubl F, Rodolfi L, Tredici MR, Coletta A, Antonacci D. Determination of fucoxanthin isomers in microalgae (Isochrysis sp.) by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector multistage mass spectrometry coupled with positive electrospray ionization. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1027-1035. [PMID: 23592206 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Due to their health benefits, there is growing interest in the production and use of carotenoids from natural sources, e.g. microalgae. To date, only Haematococcus pluvialis and Dunaliella, that accumulate, respectively, astaxanthin and β-carotene in large quantities, are grown commercially. However, interest is also being focused on other xanthophylls, such as (all-E)-fucoxanthin characterized by anti-obesity and anti-carcinogenic effects. In this regard, rigorous chemical and analytical techniques following preparative isolation of components are needed to unequivocally identify individual carotenoids in microalgae. METHODS The carotenoid profile of Isochrysis sp. biomass, produced in closed photobioreactors, was determined by reversed-phase C30 (RP-30) high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode-array detector mass spectrometry using positive electrospray ionization (HPLC/DAD-MS/ESI(+) ) analysis. Additionally, multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n) ) analyses, together with fine structures of the UV-vis spectra, were used to differentiate structural and geometrical isomers. RESULTS This technique allowed the simultaneous determination of geometrical, isomers of fucoxanthin (all-E-fucoxanthin, 13Z-, 13'Z- and 9'Z-fucoxanthin), diatoxanthin and 5,8-epoxydiadinoxanthin diasteroisomers (R/S). The analyzed extracts contained fucoxanthin isomers as the major carotenoids and, in particular, (all-E)-fucoxanthin was the main geometrical isomer (~85%) found at a concentration of 17 mg/g of the lyophilized biomass. CONCLUSIONS Considering the high content of fucoxanthin in Isochrysis sp. biomass, the microalga could be proposed as a source of this compound for nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Crupi
- CRA-Consiglio per la Ricerca e la sperimentazione in Agricoltura-Unità di ricerca per l'uva da tavola e la vitivinicoltura in ambiente mediterraneo, Turi (BA), Italy.
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Wehrens R, Carvalho E, Masuero D, de Juan A, Martens S. High-throughput carotenoid profiling using multivariate curve resolution. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 405:5075-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6555-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 11/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Fromm M, Bayha S, Kammerer DR, Carle R. Identification and quantitation of carotenoids and tocopherols in seed oils recovered from different Rosaceae species. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:10733-10742. [PMID: 23020156 DOI: 10.1021/jf3028446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Seed oils recovered from Rosaceae species such as dessert and cider apples (Malus domestica Borkh.), quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), and rose hip (Rosa canina L.) were analyzed for their tocopherol and carotenoid contents using HPLC-DAD-MS(n) following saponification. Qualitative and quantitative tocopherol and carotenoid compositions significantly differed, not only among the different genera but also among cultivars of one species. In particular, seed oils of cider apples were shown to contain higher amounts of both antioxidant classes than that of dessert apples. Total contents of tocopherols of the investigated Rosaceous seed oils ranged from 597.7 to 1099.9 mg/kg oil, while total carotenoid contents varied between 0.48 and 39.15 mg/kg oil. Thus, these seed oils were found to contain appreciable amounts of lipohilic antioxidants having health beneficial potential. The results of the present study contribute to a more economical and exhaustive exploitation of seed byproducts arising from the processing of these Rosaceous fruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Fromm
- Chair Plant Foodstuff Technology, Institute of Food Science and Biotechnology, Hohenheim University, Garbenstrasse 25, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Qiu D, Wu YC, Zhu WL, Yin H, Yi LT. Identification of geometrical isomers and comparison of different isomeric samples of astaxanthin. J Food Sci 2012; 77:C934-40. [PMID: 22900833 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02842.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis system for isomeric astaxanthin was developed. The separation system consisted of a C(30) column and an elution system of methanol/MTBE/water/dichloromethane (77:13:8:2, v/v/v/v). Using the combination of HPLC diode array detector and HPLC atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry, 11 geometrical isomers and 4 epoxides of astaxanthin were successfully identified. Referred to crystal, only isomerization with different degrees was found for solvent dissolving and iodine catalysis, while melting of astaxanthin caused isomerization, slight oxidation, and more noticeable polymerization confirmed by gel permeation chromatography. Chemical changes in isomeric samples all caused a decrease in UV content. The vibrational spectra (infrared and Raman) showed that epoxide was the only new functional group generated for melting. Changes of several key bands and formations of new bands were found in iodine catalysis and melting samples because of isomerization. Practical Application: Eleven geometrical isomers and 4 epoxides, which were normally generated for solvent dissolving, iodine catalysis, and melting of astaxanthin, have been identified by C(30) -HPLC-MS technology. Furthermore, different samples were measured by gel permeation chromatography, UV, infrared, and Raman, based on the analysis of messages, the effect of each processing was well understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Qiu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Ningbo Univ of Technology, 89 Cuibai Road, Ningbo 315016, PR China.
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Bunea CI, Pop N, Babeş AC, Matea C, Dulf FV, Bunea A. Carotenoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of grapes (Vitis vinifera) cultivated in organic and conventional systems. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:66. [PMID: 22762349 PMCID: PMC3464978 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 06/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Organic agriculture involve plants which are cultivated without using synthetic pesticides, herbicides or fertilizers and promotes biodiversity, biological cycles and improve the product quality. The carotenoids, total polyphenols and the antioxidant activity from skins of some wine and table grapes cultivated in organic and conventional agriculture were studied. Results The main carotenoids identified using high performance liquid chromatography were lutein and ß-carotene. Muscat Ottonel variety has the highest ß-carotene concentration 504.9 μg/kg for organic and 593.2 μg/kg for conventional grapes. For the organic farming, the total polyphenols content were in the range of 163.23 – 1341.37 mg GAE/kg fresh weight (FW) and 148.47 – 1231.38 mg GAE/kg FW for the conventional grapes. The highest ORAC values were obtained for blue-black variety Napoca in both farming system (43.5 ± 0.95 μmol TE/g organic; 40.4 ± 0.5 μmol TE/g conventional) and lowest for Aromat de Iaşi (16.8 ± 0.6 μmol TE/g organic; 14.7 ± 1.6 μmol TE/g conventional). Napoca variety showed also the highest antioxidant activity measured by DPPH method in both cultivated system. Conclusion Nine grape varieties cultivated in organic and conventional systems were compared regarding the carotenoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity. The white grape varieties have a higher carotenoids content compared with the blue-black cultivars while the blue-black varieties contain higher TPC and exhibit higher antioxidant activity (except for Muscat Hamburg-ORAC). Vitis vinifera grape skins originating from wine or table grape varieties can be used as a potential source of natural antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu-Ioan Bunea
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Mănăştur 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Extraction, identification and quantitation of carotenoids in discolored channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) fillets. J Food Compost Anal 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rivera S, Canela-Garayoa R. Analytical tools for the analysis of carotenoids in diverse materials. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1224:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2011] [Revised: 11/30/2011] [Accepted: 12/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rivera S, Vilaró F, Canela R. Determination of carotenoids by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry: effect of several dopants. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011; 400:1339-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-011-4825-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 01/24/2011] [Accepted: 02/19/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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