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Ibrahim AE, El Gohary NA, Aboushady D, Samir L, Karim SEA, Herz M, Salman BI, Al-Harrasi A, Hanafi R, El Deeb S. Recent advances in chiral selectors immobilization and chiral mobile phase additives in liquid chromatographic enantio-separations: A review. J Chromatogr A 2023; 1706:464214. [PMID: 37506464 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
For decades now, the separation of chiral enantiomers of drugs has been gaining the interest and attention of researchers. In 1991, the first guidelines for development of chiral drugs were firstly released by the US-FDA. Since then, the development in chromatographic enantioseparation tools has been fast and variable, aiming at creating a suitable environment where the physically and chemically identical enantiomers can be separated. Among those tools, the immobilization of chiral selectors (CS) on different stationary phases and the chiral mobile phase additives (CMPA) which have been progressed and studied extensively. This review article highlights the major advances in immobilization of CS together with their different recognition mechanisms as well as CMPA as a cheaper and successful alternative for chiral stationary phases. Moreover, the role of molecular modeling tool as a pre-step in the choice of CS for evaluating possible interactions with different ligands has been pointed up. Illustrations of reported methods and updates for immobilized CS and CMPA have been included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Ehab Ibrahim
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Port-Said University, Port-Said 42511, Egypt; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Nesrine Abdelrehim El Gohary
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Dina Aboushady
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Liza Samir
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Shereen Ekram Abdel Karim
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Magy Herz
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Baher I Salman
- Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Al-Harrasi
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, P.O. Box 33, Birkat Al Mauz, Nizwa 616, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Rasha Hanafi
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Sami El Deeb
- Institute of Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig 38092, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2+4, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Xie Z, Morris JD, Mattingly SJ, Sutaria SR, Huang J, Nantz MH, Fu XA. Analysis of a Broad Range of Carbonyl Metabolites in Exhaled Breath by UHPLC-MS. Anal Chem 2023; 95:4344-4352. [PMID: 36815760 PMCID: PMC10521381 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath (EB) has shown great potential for disease detection including lung cancer, infectious respiratory diseases, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Although many breath sample collection and analytical methods have been developed for breath analysis, analysis of metabolic VOCs in exhaled breath is still a challenge for clinical application. Many carbonyl compounds in exhaled breath are related to the metabolic processes of diseases. This work reports a method of ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS) for the analysis of a broad range of carbonyl metabolites in exhaled breath. Carbonyl compounds in the exhaled breath were captured by a fabricated silicon microreactor with a micropillar array coated with 2-(aminooxy)ethyl-N,N,N-trimethylammonium (ATM) triflate. A total of six subgroups consisting of saturated aldehydes and ketones, hydroxy-aldehydes, and hydroxy-ketones, unsaturated 2-alkenals, and 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals were identified in the exhaled breath. The combination of a silicon microreactor for the selective capture of carbonyl compounds with UHPLC-MS analysis may provide a quantitative method for the analysis of carbonyls to identify disease markers in exhaled breath.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Xie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - James D. Morris
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | | | - Saurin R. Sutaria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Jiapeng Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Michael H. Nantz
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
| | - Xiao-An Fu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States
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3
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Hanafi RS, Lämmerhofer M. Quality-by-design approach for development of aqueous headspace microextraction GC-MS method for targeted metabolomics of small aldehydes in plasma of cardiovascular patients. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1221:340176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
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4
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Berenbeim JA, Wong NGK, Cockett MCR, Berden G, Oomens J, Rijs AM, Dessent CEH. Unravelling the Keto-Enol Tautomer Dependent Photochemistry and Degradation Pathways of the Protonated UVA Filter Avobenzone. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:2919-2930. [PMID: 32208697 PMCID: PMC7168606 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.0c01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
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Avobenzone (AB) is
a widely used UVA filter known to undergo irreversible
photodegradation. Here, we investigate the detailed pathways by which
AB photodegrades by applying UV laser-interfaced mass spectrometry
to protonated AB ions. Gas-phase infrared multiple-photon dissociation
(IRMPD) spectra obtained with the free electron laser for infrared
experiments, FELIX, (600–1800 cm–1) are also
presented to confirm the geometric structures. The UV gas-phase absorption
spectrum (2.5–5 eV) of protonated AB contains bands that correspond
to selective excitation of either the enol or diketo forms, allowing
us to probe the resulting, tautomer-dependent photochemistry. Numerous
photofragments (i.e., photodegradants) are directly identified for
the first time, with m/z 135 and
161 dominating, and m/z 146 and
177 also appearing prominently. Analysis of the production spectra
of these photofragments reveals that that strong enol to keto photoisomerism
is occurring, and that protonation significantly disrupts the stability
of the enol (UVA active) tautomer. Close comparison of fragment ion
yields with the TD-DFT-calculated absorption spectra give detailed
information on the location and identity of the dissociative excited
state surfaces, and thus provide new insight into the photodegradation
pathways of avobenzone, and photoisomerization of the wider class
of β-diketone containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob A Berenbeim
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Natalie G K Wong
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Martin C R Cockett
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, U.K
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen, 6500 HC, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen, 6500 HC, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk M Rijs
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory, Radboud University, Toernooiveld 7, Nijmegen, 6500 HC, The Netherlands
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5
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Harvey DJ, Vouros P. MASS SPECTROMETRIC FRAGMENTATION OF TRIMETHYLSILYL AND RELATED ALKYLSILYL DERIVATIVES. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2020; 39:105-211. [PMID: 31808199 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
This review describes the mass spectral fragmentation of trimethylsilyl (TMS) and related alkylsilyl derivatives used for preparing samples for analysis, mainly by combined gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The review is divided into three sections. The first section is concerned with the TMS derivatives themselves and describes fragmentation of derivatized alcohols, thiols, amines, ketones, carboxylic acids and bifunctional compounds such as hydroxy- and amino-acids, halo acids and hydroxy ethers. More complex compounds such as glycerides, sphingolipids, carbohydrates, organic phosphates, phosphonates, steroids, vitamin D, cannabinoids, and prostaglandins are discussed next. The second section describes intermolecular reactions of siliconium ions such as the TMS cation and the third section discusses other alkylsilyl derivatives. Among these latter compounds are di- and trialkyl-silyl derivatives, various substituted-alkyldimethylsilyl derivatives such as the tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers, cyclic silyl derivatives, alkoxysilyl derivatives, and 3-pyridylmethyldimethylsilyl esters used for double bond location in fatty acid spectra. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 0000:1-107, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Life Sciences Building 85, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Paul Vouros
- Barnett Institute of Chemical and Biological Analysis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, Massachusetts, 02115
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6
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Yasumoto R, Matsuda Y, Fujii A. Infrared spectroscopic observation of the McLafferty rearrangement in ionized 2-pentanone. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19230-19237. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02602f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The isomerization mechanism of ionized 2-pentanone is investigated by infrared predissociation spectroscopy and theoretical calculations. The observation of OH stretch demonstrates its enolization through the McLafferty rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Yasumoto
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
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7
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Yang X, Liu S, Liu G, Zhong H. A DFT study on the structure–reactivity relationship of aliphatic oxime derivatives as copper chelating agents and malachite flotation collectors. J IND ENG CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Xu S, Zhang Y, Errabelli R, Attygalle AB. Ambulation of Incipient Proton during Gas-Phase Dissociation of Protonated Alkyl Dihydrocinnamates. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9468-79. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sihang Xu
- Center for Mass Spectrometry,
Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Yong Zhang
- Center for Mass Spectrometry,
Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Ramu Errabelli
- Center for Mass Spectrometry,
Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Athula B. Attygalle
- Center for Mass Spectrometry,
Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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9
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Yamane Y, Sugawara K, Nakamura N, Hayase S, Nokami T, Itoh T. Development of n-Type Semiconductor Based on Cyclopentene- or Cyclohexene-Fused [C60]-Fullerene Derivatives. J Org Chem 2015; 80:4638-49. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b00530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yamane
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Sugawara
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Naoshi Nakamura
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Shuichi Hayase
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nokami
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Itoh
- Department
of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, and ‡Center for Research
on Green Sustainable Chemistry, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan
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10
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Laulhé S, Geers TE, Shi X, Zhang X, Nantz MH. Electron Ionization-Induced Release of Coded Isotopic Reporter Ions in an m/z Zone of Minimal Interference for Quantifiable, Multiplexed GC-MS Analyses. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2013; 5:10.1039/C3AY41124A. [PMID: 24235976 PMCID: PMC3822575 DOI: 10.1039/c3ay41124a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe an isotope coding strategy that enables simultaneous GC-MS analysis of multiple samples for substrate identification and quantification. The method relies on direct measurement of isotopic ethyl carbenium ions serving as mass spectral tags in a zone of minimal interference (ZMI) at m/z 31-37. Sample aldehyde and ketone mixtures were reacted with isotopic 2-aminooxyethyl propionates to illustrate the method, which determined the relative abundance of the mixed compounds with an average 95% accuracy. ZMI reporter ion detection also enables chemoselective substrate profiling and absolute quantification, as demonstrated using a biologically derived sample.
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