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Kanwal N, Musharraf SG. Analytical approaches for the determination of adulterated animal fats and vegetable oils in food and non-food samples. Food Chem 2024; 460:140786. [PMID: 39142208 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Edible oils and fats are crucial components of everyday cooking and the production of food products, but their purity has been a major issue for a long time. High-quality edible oils are contaminated with low- and cheap-quality edible oils to increase profits. The adulteration of edible oils and fats also produces many health risks. Detection of main and minor components can identify adulterations using various techniques, such as GC, HPLC, TLC, FTIR, NIR, NMR, direct mass spectrometry, PCR, E-Nose, and DSC. Each detection technique has its advantages and disadvantages. For example, chromatography offers high precision but requires extensive sample preparation, while spectroscopy is rapid and non-destructive but may lack resolution. Direct mass spectrometry is faster and simpler than chromatography-based MS, eliminating complex preparation steps. DNA-based oil authentication is effective but hindered by laborious extraction processes. E-Nose only distinguishes odours, and DSC directly studies lipid thermal properties without derivatization or solvents. Mass spectrometry-based techniques, particularly GC-MS is found to be highly effective for detecting adulteration of oils and fats in food and non-food samples. This review summarizes the benefits and drawbacks of these analytical approaches and their use in conjunction with chemometric tools to detect the adulteration of animal fats and vegetable oils. This combination provides a powerful technique with enormous chemotaxonomic potential that includes the detection of adulterations, quality assurance, assessment of geographical origin, assessment of the process, and classification of the product in complex matrices from food and non-food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nayab Kanwal
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Syed Ghulam Musharraf
- H. E. J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan..
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2
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Zhou Z, Crilley LR, Ditto JC, VandenBoer TC, Abbatt JPD. Chemical Fate of Oils on Indoor Surfaces: Ozonolysis and Peroxidation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:15546-15557. [PMID: 37647222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c04009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Unsaturated triglycerides found in food and skin oils are reactive in ambient air. However, the chemical fate of such compounds has not been well characterized in genuine indoor environments. Here, we monitored the aging of oil coatings on glass surfaces over a range of environmental conditions, using mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques. Upon room air exposure (up to 17 ppb ozone), the characteristic ozonolysis products, secondary ozonides, were observed on surfaces near the cooking area of a commercial kitchen, along with condensed-phase aldehydes. In an office setting, ozonolysis is also the dominant degradation pathway for oil films exposed to air. However, for indoor enclosed spaces such as drawers, the depleted air flow makes lipid autoxidation more favorable after an induction period of a few days. Forming hydroperoxides as the major primary products, this radical-mediated peroxidation behavior is accelerated by indoor direct sunlight, but the initiation step in dark settings is still unclear. These results are in accord with radical measurements, indicating that indoor photooxidation facilitates radical formation on surfaces. Overall, many intermediate and end products observed are reactive oxygen species (ROS) that may induce oxidative stress in human bodies. Given that these species can be widely found on both food and household surfaces, their toxicological properties are worth further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Leigh R Crilley
- Department of Chemistry, York University, Toronto, Ontario M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jenna C Ditto
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan P D Abbatt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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3
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Shotgun Lipidomic Analysis for Differentiation of Niche Cold Pressed Oils. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27061848. [PMID: 35335212 PMCID: PMC8949066 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27061848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The fast-growing food industry is bringing significant number of new products to the market. To protect consumers’ health and rights, it is crucial that food control laboratories are able to ensure reliable quality testing, including product authentication and detection of adulterations. In our study, we applied a fast and eco-friendly method based on shotgun-lipidomic mass spectrometry for the authentication of niche edible oils. Comprehensive lipid profiles of camelina (CA), flax (FL) and hemp (HP) seed oils were obtained. With the aid of principal component analysis (PCA), it was possible to detect and distinguish each of them based on their lipid profiles. Lipidomic markers characteristic ofthe oils were also identified, which can be used as targets and expedite development of new multiplexed testing methods.
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4
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Newly marketed seed oils. What we can learn from the current status of authentication of edible oils. Food Control 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Tata A, Marzoli F, Massaro A, Passabì E, Bragolusi M, Negro A, Cristaudo I, Piro R, Belluco S. Assessing direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry for the identification and serotyping of Legionella pneumophila. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 132:1479-1488. [PMID: 34543502 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The efficacy of ambient mass spectrometry to identify and serotype Legionella pneumophila was assessed. To this aim, isolated waterborne colonies were submitted to a rapid extraction method and analysed by direct analysis in real-time mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS). METHODS AND RESULTS The DART-HRMS profiles, coupled with partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), were first evaluated for their ability to differentiate Legionella spp. from other bacteria. The resultant classification model achieved an accuracy of 98.1% on validation. Capitalising on these encouraging results, DART-HRMS profiling was explored as an alternative approach for the identification of L. pneumophila sg. 1, L. pneumophila sg. 2-15 and L. non-pneumophila; therefore, a different PLS-DA classifier was built. When tested on a validation set, this second classifier reached an overall accuracy of 95.93%. It identified the harmful L. pneumophila sg. 1 with an impressive specificity (100%) and slightly lower sensitivity (91.7%), and similar performances were reached in the classification of L. pneumophila sg. 2-15 and L. non-pneumophila. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study show the DART-HMRS method has good accuracy, and it is an effective method for Legionella serogroup profiling. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY These preliminary findings could open a new avenue for the rapid identification and quick epidemiologic tracing of L. pneumophila, with a consequent improvement to risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Filippo Marzoli
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Massaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Eleonora Passabì
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Marco Bragolusi
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Alessandro Negro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Ilaria Cristaudo
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
| | - Roberto Piro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Laboratorio di Chimica Sperimentale, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Simone Belluco
- Department of Food Safety, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale delle Venezie, Legnaro, Italy
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Tata A, Pallante I, Massaro A, Miano B, Bottazzari M, Fiorini P, Dal Prà M, Paganini L, Stefani A, De Buck J, Piro R, Pozzato N. Serum Metabolomic Profiles of Paratuberculosis Infected and Infectious Dairy Cattle by Ambient Mass Spectrometry. Front Vet Sci 2021; 7:625067. [PMID: 33553289 PMCID: PMC7854907 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.625067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis [Johne's disease (JD)], a chronic disease that causes substantial economic losses in the dairy cattle industry. The long incubation period means clinical signs are visible in animals only after years, and some cases remain undetected because of the subclinical manifestation of the disease. Considering the complexity of JD pathogenesis, animals can be classified as infected, infectious, or affected. The major limitation of currently available diagnostic tests is their failure in detecting infected non-infectious animals. The present study aimed to identify metabolic markers associated with infected and infectious stages of JD. Direct analysis in real time coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (DART-HRMS) was, hence, applied in a prospective study where cohorts of heifers and cows were followed up annually for 2–4 years. The animals' infectious status was assigned based on a positive result of both serum ELISA and fecal PCR, or culture. The same animals were retrospectively assigned to the status of infected at the previous sampling for which all JD tests were negative. Stored sera from 10 infected animals and 17 infectious animals were compared with sera from 20 negative animals from the same herds. Two extraction protocols and two (-/+) ionization modes were tested. The three most informative datasets out of the four were merged by a mid-level data fusion approach and submitted to partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Compared to the MAP negative subjects, metabolomic analysis revealed the m/z signals of isobutyrate, dimethylethanolamine, palmitic acid, and rhamnitol were more intense in infected animals. Both infected and infectious animals showed higher relative intensities of tryptamine and creatine/creatinine as well as lower relative abundances of urea, glutamic acid and/or pyroglutamic acid. These metabolic differences could indicate altered fat metabolism and reduced energy intake in both infected and infectious cattle. In conclusion, DART-HRMS coupled to a mid-level data fusion approach allowed the molecular features that identified preclinical stages of JD to be teased out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Tata
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Ivana Pallante
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Massaro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Brunella Miano
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Paola Fiorini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Mauro Dal Prà
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Laura Paganini
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - Jeroen De Buck
- Department of Production Animal Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Roberto Piro
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
| | - Nicola Pozzato
- Istituto Zooprofilattico delle Venezie (IZSVe), Legnaro, Italy
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8
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Fasciotti M, Monteiro TVC, Rocha WFC, Morais LRB, Sussulini A, Eberlin MN, Cunha VS. Comprehensive Triacylglycerol Characterization of Oils and Butters of 15 Amazonian Oleaginous Species by ESI‐HRMS/MS and Comparison with Common Edible Oils and Fats. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.202000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maíra Fasciotti
- National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Division of Chemical and Thermal Metrology, Scientific and Technology Directorate Duque de Caxias RJ 25250‐020 Brazil
| | - Thays V. C. Monteiro
- National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Division of Chemical and Thermal Metrology, Scientific and Technology Directorate Duque de Caxias RJ 25250‐020 Brazil
| | - Werickson F. C. Rocha
- National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Division of Chemical and Thermal Metrology, Scientific and Technology Directorate Duque de Caxias RJ 25250‐020 Brazil
| | | | - Alessandra Sussulini
- University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Institute of Chemistry Campinas SP 13083‐970 Brazil
| | - Marcos N. Eberlin
- Mackenzie Presbyterian University School of Engineering – PPGEMN São Paulo SP 01302–907 Brazil
| | - Valnei S. Cunha
- National Institute of Metrology Quality and Technology (INMETRO), Division of Chemical and Thermal Metrology, Scientific and Technology Directorate Duque de Caxias RJ 25250‐020 Brazil
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Zhou Q, Liu S, Liu Y, Song H. Comparison of flavour fingerprint, electronic nose and multivariate analysis for discrimination of extra virgin olive oils. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:190002. [PMID: 31032057 PMCID: PMC6458368 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.190002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Flavour is a special way to discriminate extra virgin olive oils (EVOOs) from other aroma plant oils. In this study, different ratios (5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 70 and 100%) of peanut oil (PO), corn oil (CO) and sunflower seed oil (SO) were discriminated from raw EVOO using flavour fingerprint, electronic nose and multivariate analysis. Fifteen different samples of EVOO were selected to establish the flavour fingerprint based on eight common peaks in solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry corresponding to 4-methyl-2-pentanol, (E)-2-hexenal, 1-tridecene, hexyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate, (E)-2-heptenal, nonanal and α-farnesene. Partial least square discrimination analysis (PLS-DA) was used to differentiate EVOOs and mixed oils containing more than 20% of PO, CO and SO. Furthermore, better discrimination efficiency was observed in PLS-DA than PCA (70% of CO and SO), which was equivalent to the correlation coefficient method of the fingerprint (20% of PO, CO and SO). The electronic nose was able to differentiate oil samples from samples containing 5% mixture. The discrimination method was selected based on the actual requirements of quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan, Hubei 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaomin Liu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Liu
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Author for correspondence: Ye Liu e-mail:
| | - Huanlu Song
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, School of Food and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University (BTBU), Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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Electron Impact–Mass Spectrometry Fingerprinting and Chemometrics for Rapid Assessment of Authenticity of Edible Oils Based on Fatty Acid Profiling. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-019-01472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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11
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Bajoub A, Bendini A, Fernández-Gutiérrez A, Carrasco-Pancorbo A. Olive oil authentication: A comparative analysis of regulatory frameworks with especial emphasis on quality and authenticity indices, and recent analytical techniques developed for their assessment. A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:832-857. [PMID: 27657556 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1225666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decades, olive oil quality and authenticity control has become an issue of great importance to consumers, suppliers, retailers, and regulators in both traditional and emerging olive oil producing countries, mainly due to the increasing worldwide popularity and the trade globalization of this product. Thus, in order to ensure olive oil authentication, various national and international laws and regulations have been adopted, although some of them are actually causing an enormous debate about the risk that they can represent for the harmonization of international olive oil trade standards. Within this context, this review was designed to provide a critical overview and comparative analysis of selected regulatory frameworks for olive oil authentication, with special emphasis on the quality and purity criteria considered by these regulation systems, their thresholds and the analytical methods employed for monitoring them. To complete the general overview, recent analytical advances to overcome drawbacks and limitations of the official methods to evaluate olive oil quality and to determine possible adulterations were reviewed. Furthermore, the latest trends on analytical approaches to assess the olive oil geographical and varietal origin traceability were also examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aadil Bajoub
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Alessandra Bendini
- b Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences , University of Bologna , Cesena (FC) , Italy
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12
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Mota AH, Silva CO, Nicolai M, Baby A, Palma L, Rijo P, Ascensão L, Reis CP. Design and evaluation of novel topical formulation with olive oil as natural functional active. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:794-805. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1340951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Henriques Mota
- CBiOS – Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra, Universidad Complutense, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Catarina Oliveira Silva
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, Ctra, Universidad Complutense, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Marisa Nicolai
- CBiOS – Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - André Baby
- Departmento Farmácia, Escola de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lídia Palma
- CBiOS – Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Rijo
- CBiOS – Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
- iMed.ULisboa - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lia Ascensão
- Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar (CESAM), Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Edifício C2, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Pinto Reis
- iMed.ULisboa - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, Lisboa, Portugal
- IBEB - Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, Portugal
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Resolution-optimized headspace gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (HS-GC-IMS) for non-targeted olive oil profiling. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 409:3933-3942. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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14
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Borràs E, Mestres M, Aceña L, Busto O, Ferré J, Boqué R, Calvo A. Identification of olive oil sensory defects by multivariate analysis of mid infrared spectra. Food Chem 2015; 187:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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