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Pineda-Cevallos D, Funes Menéndez M, González-Gago A, Rodríguez-González P, Ignacio García Alonso J. Correction of creatine-creatinine conversion during serum creatinine quantification by two-dimensional liquid chromatography and double-spike isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2024; 554:117778. [PMID: 38220136 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2024.117778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Development of a candidate reference method based on bidimensional liquid chromatography coupled to ESI-MS/MS and double spike isotope dilution for serum creatinine quantification capable of correcting for creatinine-creatine interconversion during sample pretreatment. Study of the impact of the creatine-creatinine interconversion during the analysis of human serum samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS 13C1-creatinine and 13C2-creatine are added to the serum sample. Separation carried out by bidimensional liquid chromatography combining reversed phase and a strong cation exchange chromatography. The heart cut, containing creatine and creatinine, is automatically transferred to the second dimension. Quantification carried out by double spike isotope dilution tandem MS/MS. RESULTS Minimization of spectral interferences and ion suppression due to matrix effects while increasing sample throughput compared to the direct coupling of cation exchange chromatography to the ESI source. Trueness of the method studied with the satisfactory analysis of two certified reference materials. Satisfactory intra- and inter-day precisions obtained analysing a serum pool and control sera. Analysis of 93 serum samples revealed negligible interconversions with no correlation with creatine levels. CONCLUSIONS The method provides adequate analytical figures of merit for serum creatinine determination according to CSLI guidelines. Negligible creatine-creatinine interconversion is promoted with the applied sample preparation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Pineda-Cevallos
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Funes Menéndez
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana González-Gago
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - J Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Avenida Julián Clavería, 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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2
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Kumar S, Gajjela R, Kumar H, Arulraj RA, Subramaniam S, Kothandaramachandran T, Sudhir V S, Chauthe SK, Gupta A, Mathur A, Roy A, Bagadi M, Caceres-Cortes J. A strategy for evaluation of isotopic enrichment and structural integrity of deuterium labelled compounds by using HR-MS and NMR. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2023; 15:1470-1477. [PMID: 36876453 DOI: 10.1039/d2ay01980a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Determining the purity of deuterium labelled compounds is important due to the increasing use of these compounds in mass spectrometry (MS) based quantitative analyses for targeting metabolic flux, reducing toxicity, confirming reaction mechanisms during synthesis, predicting enzyme mechanisms, and enhancing the efficacy of drugs, in quantitative proteomics, and also as internal standards. In the present study, a strategy using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-HR-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy was proposed to determine the isotopic enrichment and structural integrity of deuterium labelled compounds. The proposed strategy involves recording full scan MS, extracting and integrating isotopic ions, and calculating the isotopic enrichment of the desired labelled compounds. NMR analysis confirms structural integrity or positions of labelled atoms and can provide insights into the relative percent isotopic purity. This strategy was used to evaluate the isotopic enrichment and structural integrity of in-house synthesized compounds as well as a series of commercially available deuterium labelled compounds. The % isotopic purity for labelled compounds of a benzofuranone derivative (BEN-d2), tamsulosin-d4 (TAM-d4), oxybutynin-d5 (OXY-d5), eplerenone-d3 (EPL-d3), and propafenone-d7 (PRO-d7) was calculated and found to be 94.7, 99.5, 98.8, 99.9, and 96.5, respectively. All the samples were run in triplicate and the results were observed to be reproducible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India - 560 099.
| | - Raju Gajjela
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India - 560 099.
| | - Hemantha Kumar
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India - 560 099.
| | - Ruba A Arulraj
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India - 560 099.
| | - Srinath Subramaniam
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | | | - Sai Sudhir V
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Siddheshwar Kisan Chauthe
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India - 560 099.
| | - Anuradha Gupta
- Department of Discovery Synthesis, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Bangalore, India
| | - Arvind Mathur
- Synthesis and Enabling Technologies, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA
| | - Amrita Roy
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India - 560 099.
| | - Muralidhararao Bagadi
- Discovery Analytical Sciences, Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center (BBRC), Syngene International Ltd, Biocon Park, Plot No. 2 & 3, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bangalore, India - 560 099.
| | - Janet Caceres-Cortes
- Synthesis and Enabling Technologies, Small Molecule Drug Discovery, Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development, P.O. Box 5400, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-4000, USA
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3
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Visconti G, Boccard J, Feinberg M, Rudaz S. From fundamentals in calibration to modern methodologies: A tutorial for small molecules quantification in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry bioanalysis. Anal Chim Acta 2023; 1240:340711. [PMID: 36641149 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2022.340711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, liquid chromatography coupled to mass-spectrometry (LC‒MS) has become the gold standard to perform qualitative and quantitative analyses of small molecules. When quantitative analysis is developed, an analyst usually refers to international guidelines for analytical method validation. In this context, the design of calibration curves plays a key role in providing accurate results. During recent years and along with instrumental advances, strategies to build calibration curves have dramatically evolved, introducing innovative approaches to improve quantitative precision and throughput. For example, when a labeled standard is available to be spiked directly into the study sample, the concentration of the unlabeled analog can be easily determined using the isotopic pattern deconvolution or the internal calibration approach, eliminating the need for multipoint calibration curves. This tutorial aims to synthetize the advances in LC‒MS quantitative analysis for small molecules in complex matrices, going from fundamental aspects in calibration to modern methodologies and applications. Different work schemes for calibration depending on the sample characteristics (analyte and matrix nature) are distinguished and discussed. Finally, this tutorial outlines the importance of having international guidelines for analytical method validation that agree with the advances in calibration strategies and analytical instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gioele Visconti
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julien Boccard
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Serge Rudaz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Western Switzerland, University of Geneva, CMU - Rue Michel-Servet 1, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland.
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4
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Cortés Giménez-Coral A, Rodríguez-González P, González Gago A, Cernuda Morollón E, Lopez-Cancio E, Prieto García B, García Alonso JI. Comparison between one and two-dimensional liquid chromatographic approaches for the determination of plasmatic stroke biomarkers by isotope dilution and tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2023; 148:583-593. [PMID: 36594438 DOI: 10.1039/d2an01750d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the evaluation of one- and two-dimensional liquid chromatography for the quantification of three stroke outcome predictors in plasma. Isotopically labelled analogues of L-arginine (L-Arg), asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) are used to quantify the three analytes by isotope dilution and tandem mass spectrometry. Chromatographic isotope effects were not observed between natural L-Arg and its 15N-labelled analogue but they were observed between natural ADMA and SDMA and their multiple deuterated analogues. Under these conditions, bidimensional chromatography through the use of an automated multiple heart cutting mode provided unsatisfactory results for ADMA and SDMA due to the different amounts of natural and labelled compounds transferred from the first to the second chromatographic dimension. In contrast, using one dimensional liquid chromatography after a derivatization step to esterify carboxylic groups, chromatographic isotope effects did not alter the initial mass balance as full coelution of natural and labelled analogues or baseline resolution between the analytes was not required. This method was successfully validated following the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines and applied to the analysis of plasma samples from patients who had suffered from an intraparenchymal haemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adela Cortés Giménez-Coral
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain. .,Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Medicine, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Adriana González Gago
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Eva Cernuda Morollón
- Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Medicine, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | - Elena Lopez-Cancio
- Department of Neurology, Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Belén Prieto García
- Clinical Biochemistry, Laboratory of Medicine, Central University Hospital of Asturias, Oviedo, 33011, Spain
| | - J Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
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5
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Carcelén JN, Marchante-Gayón JM, Rodríguez-González P, Ballesteros A, González JM, Cocho de Juan JÁ, García Alonso JI. Determination of 3-monoiodotyrosine and 3,5-diiodotyrosine in newborn urine and dried urine spots by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. Analyst 2022; 147:1329-1340. [DOI: 10.1039/d1an02203b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of an analytical method for the determination of MIT and DIT in newborn urine and dried urine spots by Liquid Chromatography Isotope Dilution Tandem Mass Spectrometry capable of correcting analyte interconversion during sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Nicolás Carcelén
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry. University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Marchante-Gayón
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry. University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry. University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ballesteros
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry. University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José M. González
- Department of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry. University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - José Ángel Cocho de Juan
- Laboratory of Metabolic Disorders, Santiago de Compostela University Hospital, 15706 Santiago, Spain
| | - José Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry. Faculty of Chemistry. University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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6
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Evaluation of different internal standardization approaches for the quantification of melatonin in cell culture samples by multiple heart-cutting two dimensional liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1663:462752. [PMID: 34954534 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate here different analytical strategies for the chromatographic separation and determination of N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine (MEL) and its oxidative metabolites N1-acetyl-N2-formyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AFMK), N1-acetyl-5-methoxykynuramine (AMK) and cyclic 3-hydroxymelatonin (c3OHM) in cell culture samples. Two dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) in the multiple heart-cutting mode was compared with regular 1D chromatographic separations of MEL and its oxidative metabolites. Our results showed that the use of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) as mobile phase modifier was required to obtain a satisfactory resolution and peak shapes particularly for c3OHM. As TFA is not compatible with ESI ionization the application of the MHC mode was mandatory for a proper chromatographic separation. We evaluate also different internal standardization approaches based on the combined use of a surrogate standard (5-methoxytryptophol) and an internal standard (6-methoxytryptamine) for MEL quantification in cell culture samples obtaining unsatisfactory results both by 1D- and 2D-LC-ESI-MS/MS (from 9 ± 2 to 186 ± 38%). We demonstrate that only the application of isotope dilution Mass Spectrometry through the use of an in house synthesized 13C isotopically labelled analogue provided quantitative MEL recoveries both by using 1D- and 2D-LC-ESI-MS/MS (99±1 and 98±1. Respectively) in androgen-insensitive human prostate carcinoma PC3 cells.
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7
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Fernández AS, Rodríguez-González P, Álvarez L, García M, Iglesias HG, García Alonso JI. Multiple heart-cutting two dimensional liquid chromatography and isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry for the absolute quantification of proteins in human serum. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1184:339022. [PMID: 34625263 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate here the combination of two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) in the multiple heart cutting mode and isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry for the direct analysis of tryptic digests of serum samples. As a proof of concept, we attempt the quantification of proteotypic peptides of Apolipoprotein AIV (APOA4), Complement C3 (C3) and Vitronectin (VTN) which have been previously identified as potential candidate biomarkers of glaucoma. Using this 2D-LC strategy, analyte enrichment steps are avoided and the sample preparation involved after enzymatic digestion amounted to a simple centrifugation, evaporation of the supernatant and reconstitution in the 1D mobile phase. A mobile phase not compatible with the ESI source (10 mM KH2PO4 at pH 2.7) was used in the first dimension as it provided a satisfactory chromatographic resolution of the peptides and a high buffering capacity avoiding changes in retention times when analyzing complex matrices like human serum. We also demonstrate that using coeluting labelled analogues of the target peptides, protein concentrations were not affected by slight retention time shifts affecting the amount of target peptides transferred to the second dimension. Satisfactory results were obtained when analyzing fortified serum samples (recoveries from 98 to 113%). Precisions in the range of 1-9% RSD were obtained when replicating the analysis of a pooled serum sample. The comparative analysis of serum samples from n = 94 control subjects and n = 91 patients diagnosed with primary open-angle glaucoma did not show significant differences in the APOA4, VTN and C3 concentrations in contrast with previous studies using immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Suárez Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Calle Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Calle Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Lydia Álvarez
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Montserrat García
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Héctor González Iglesias
- Instituto Universitario Fernández-Vega (Fundación de Investigación Oftalmológica, Universidad de Oviedo), 33012, Oviedo, Spain; Instituto Oftalmológico Fernández-Vega, Avda. Dres. Fernández-Vega, 34, 33012, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Calle Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
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8
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Suárez-Fernández A, González-Antuña A, Rodríguez-González P, Alonso JIG. Determination of Cystatin C in human urine by isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 177:112889. [PMID: 31568966 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This work presents the development of a methodology for the accurate and precise quantification of the renal biomarker Cystatin C in human urine by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry (IDMS). The procedure is based on the addition of a known quantity of the proteotypic peptide ALDFAVG*EYNK labelled with 13C2-glycine to the urine sample followed by protein hydrolysis using trypsin. Then, preconcentration and purification of the isotope diluted peptide was carried out by a selective monoclonal antibody bound to magnetic beads and final measurement was done after injection of the sample in a HPLC-MS/MS triple quadrupole instrument. The isotopic distribution of the isotope diluted proteotypic peptide was measured by low resolution selected reaction monitoring. Using this aquisition mode, the bandpass of the first quadrupole was widened (FWHM =13 u) so the whole isotopic clusters for both the natural abundance and the labelled peptides entered the collision cell. The proposed acquisition mode provided similar accuracy and precision than the regular SRM mode (FWHM =0.7 u) but a higher sensitivity was observed. The purification of the sample by antibody based enrichment of the target peptide was shown to remove interfering compounds more efficiently in comparison with a sample purification based on semipreparative liquid chromatography. Using 5 ng of the labelled peptide it was possible to quantify Cystatin C in human urine in patients with normal and impaired renal function. Recoveries from 100 to 104% were obtained in samples containing from 90 to 700 μg L-1 of Cystatin C with relative standard deviations from 0.5 to 6%. The stability of Cystatin C in urine samples was evaluated under different storage conditions showing that only when the urine samples were stored at room temperature during more than 10 days, a significant degradation of Cystatin C was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Suárez-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Ana González-Antuña
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - J Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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9
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Feith A, Teleki A, Graf M, Favilli L, Takors R. HILIC-Enabled 13C Metabolomics Strategies: Comparing Quantitative Precision and Spectral Accuracy of QTOF High- and QQQ Low-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9040063. [PMID: 30986989 PMCID: PMC6523712 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9040063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic 13C-tracer-based flux analyses of in vivo reaction networks still require a continuous development of advanced quantification methods applying state-of-the-art mass spectrometry platforms. Utilizing alkaline HILIC chromatography, we adapt strategies for a systematic quantification study in non- and 13C-labeled multicomponent endogenous Corynebacterium glutamicum extracts by LC-QTOF high resolution (HRMS) and LC-QQQ tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Without prior derivatization, a representative cross-section of 17 central carbon and anabolic key intermediates were analyzed with high selectivity and sensitivity under optimized ESI-MS settings. In column detection limits for the absolute quantification range were between 6.8-304.7 (QQQ) and 28.7-881.5 fmol (QTOF) with comparable linearities (3-5 orders of magnitude) and enhanced precision using QQQ-MRM detection. Tailor-made preparations of uniformly (U)13C-labeled cultivation extracts for isotope dilution mass spectrometry enabled the accurate quantification in complex sample matrices and extended linearities without effect on method parameters. Furthermore, evaluation of metabolite-specific m+1-to-m+0 ratios (ISR1:0) in non-labeled extracts exhibited sufficient methodical spectral accuracies with mean deviations of 3.89 ± 3.54% (QTOF) and 4.01 ± 3.01% (QQQ). Based on the excellent HILIC performance, conformity analysis of time-resolved isotopic enrichments in 13C-tracer experiments revealed sufficient spectral accuracy for QQQ-SIM detection. However, only QTOF-HRMS ensures determination of the full isotopologue space in complex matrices without mass interferences.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Feith
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Attila Teleki
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Michaela Graf
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Lorenzo Favilli
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
| | - Ralf Takors
- Institute of Biochemical Engineering, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
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10
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Ereño Artabe A, González-Gago A, Suarez Fernández A, Pitarch Motellón J, Roig-Navarro AF, Pozo OJ, Rodríguez-González P, García Alonso JI. Isotope dilution LC-ESI-MS/MS and low resolution selected reaction monitoring as a tool for the accurate quantification of urinary testosterone. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 163:113-121. [PMID: 30292983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
A new analytical method for the quantification of testosterone in human urine samples by isotope dilution mass spectrometry is proposed. A standard solution of 13C2-testosterone is added to the samples at the beginning of the sample preparation procedure and then the measurements are carried out by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS. In the proposed method, the resolution of the first quadrupole of the tandem MS instrument is reduced to transmit the whole precursor ion cluster to the collision cell and measure the isotopic distribution of the in-cell product ions with a small number of SRM transitions. The construction of a methodological calibration graph is avoided using a labelled analogue previously characterised in terms of concentration and isotopic enrichment in combination with multiple linear regression. In this way, the molar fractions of natural and labelled testosterone are calculated in each sample injection and the amount of endogenous testosterone computed from the known amount of labelled analogue. Recovery values between 97 and 107% and precisions between 0.4 and 3.7% (as %RSD) were obtained for testosterone concentrations in urine in the range of 1 to 8 ng g-1. The proposed low resolution SRM methodology was compared for the analysis of human urine samples with the traditional IDMS method based on a calibration graph and the IDMS method based on multiple linear regression combined with standard resolution SRM. A similar accuracy and precision was obtained by the three tested approaches. However, using the low resolution SRM method there was no need to resort to calibration graphs or to specific dedicated software to calculate isotopic distributions by tandem MS and a higher sensitivity was obtained. The proposed low resolution SRM method was successfully applied to the analysis of the certified freeze-dried human urine NMIA MX005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaia Ereño Artabe
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana González-Gago
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amanda Suarez Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jorge Pitarch Motellón
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Antoni F Roig-Navarro
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, 12071, Castellón, Spain
| | - Oscar J Pozo
- Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Spain.
| | - J Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Spain
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11
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Ivanchina NV, Gorbach VI, Kalinovsky AI, Kicha AA, Malyarenko TV, Dmitrenok PS, Stonik VA. Synthesis of Deuterium-Labeled Steroid 3,6-Diols. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A facile synthesis of a set of deuterium-labeled steroid 3,6-diols with different steroid A/B ring fusion, unsaturations, and configurations of hydroxyl groups at C-3 and C-6 is described. Reduction and deuteration, based on deuterium-exchange of the obtained the cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione from cholesterol using sodium borodeuteride and deuterium water, were used. The obtained steroid diols are intended to be used as precursors in the studies on biosynthesis of some marine polar steroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia V. Ivanchina
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir I. Gorbach
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Anatoly I. Kalinovsky
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Alla A. Kicha
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Timofey V. Malyarenko
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel S. Dmitrenok
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
| | - Valentin A. Stonik
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690022, Russian Federation
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12
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Fernández-Fernández M, Rodríguez-González P, Hevia Sánchez D, González-Menéndez P, Sainz Menéndez RM, García Alonso JI. Accurate and sensitive determination of molar fractions of 13C-Labeled intracellular metabolites in cell cultures grown in the presence of isotopically-labeled glucose. Anal Chim Acta 2017; 969:35-48. [PMID: 28411628 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This work describes a methodology based on multiple linear regression and GC-MS for the determination of molar fractions of isotopically-labeled intracellular metabolites in cell cultures. Novel aspects of this work are: i) the calculation of theoretical isotopic distributions of the different isotopologues from an experimentally measured value of % 13C enrichment of the labeled precursor ii) the calculation of the contribution of lack of mass resolution of the mass spectrometer and different fragmentation mechanism such as the loss or gain of hydrogen atoms in the EI source to measure the purity of the selected cluster for each metabolite and iii) the validation of the methodology not only by the analysis of gravimetrically prepared mixtures of isotopologues but also by the comparison of the obtained molar fractions with experimental values obtained by GC-Combustion-IRMS based on 13C/12C isotope ratio measurements. The method is able to measure molar fractions for twenty-eight intracellular metabolites derived from glucose metabolism in cell cultures grown in the presence of 13C-labeled Glucose. The validation strategies demonstrate a satisfactory accuracy and precision of the proposed procedure. Also, our results show that the minimum value of 13C incorporation that can be accurately quantified is significantly influenced by the calculation of the spectral purity of the measured cluster and the number of 13C atoms of the labeled precursor. The proposed procedure was able to accurately quantify gravimetrically prepared mixtures of natural and labeled glucose molar fractions of 0.07% and mixtures of natural and labeled glycine at molar fractions down to 0.7%. The method was applied to initial studies of glucose metabolism of different prostate cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - David Hevia Sánchez
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pedro González-Menéndez
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sainz Menéndez
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 6, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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Trefely S, Ashwell P, Snyder NW. FluxFix: automatic isotopologue normalization for metabolic tracer analysis. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:485. [PMID: 27887574 PMCID: PMC5123363 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-1360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isotopic tracer analysis by mass spectrometry is a core technique for the study of metabolism. Isotopically labeled atoms from substrates, such as [13C]-labeled glucose, can be traced by their incorporation over time into specific metabolic products. Mass spectrometry is often used for the detection and differentiation of the isotopologues of each metabolite of interest. For meaningful interpretation, mass spectrometry data from metabolic tracer experiments must be corrected to account for the naturally occurring isotopologue distribution. The calculations required for this correction are time consuming and error prone and existing programs are often platform specific, non-intuitive, commercially licensed and/or limited in accuracy by using theoretical isotopologue distributions, which are prone to artifacts from noise or unresolved interfering signals. Results Here we present FluxFix (http://fluxfix.science), an application freely available on the internet that quickly and reliably transforms signal intensity values into percent mole enrichment for each isotopologue measured. ‘Unlabeled’ data, representing the measured natural isotopologue distribution for a chosen analyte, is entered by the user. This data is used to generate a correction matrix according to a well-established algorithm. The correction matrix is applied to labeled data, also entered by the user, thus generating the corrected output data. FluxFix is compatible with direct copy and paste from spreadsheet applications including Excel (Microsoft) and Google sheets and automatically adjusts to account for input data dimensions. The program is simple, easy to use, agnostic to the mass spectrometry platform, generalizable to known or unknown metabolites, and can take input data from either a theoretical natural isotopologue distribution or an experimentally measured one. Conclusions Our freely available web-based calculator, FluxFix (http://fluxfix.science), quickly and reliably corrects metabolic tracer data for natural isotopologue abundance enabling faster, more robust and easily accessible data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Trefely
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Cancer Biology, Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Peter Ashwell
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Nathaniel W Snyder
- AJ Drexel Autism Institute, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Somoano-Blanco L, Borda M, González Gago A, Rodríguez-González P, Garcia Alonso JI. Evaluation of the spectral accuracy of mass spectrometers using compounds containing Cl or Br atoms. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:1036-1042. [PMID: 27477240 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Current procedures for the evaluation of spectral accuracy of mass spectrometers are limited by the lack of certified isotopic reference materials and the high uncertainty in the isotopic composition of natural abundance molecules. The calculated uncertainties in the ratio M + 1/M for natural abundance molecules containing any number of C, H, N and/or O atoms are close to 5% relative because of the natural variability of the isotopic composition of carbon. So, we have developed two alternative measurement procedures with much lower theoretical uncertainties for a better evaluation of spectral accuracy in both single and triple quadrupole analysers. The first method is based on the measurement of the M + 2/M, M + 4/M + 2, etc. ratios for halogenated organic compounds containing either Cl or Br. The theoretical uncertainties for these ratios because of natural variability are in the order of 0.3 to 1.0% making them suitable for the evaluation of spectral accuracy with the additional advantage that there is no need to take into account other limitations such as cluster purity or poor mass resolution. This procedure was applied to the evaluation of a single quadrupole GC-MS instruments using natural abundance PCB and PBDE standards with satisfactory results. The second method can be applied to tandem instruments and takes advantage of the loss of two halogen atoms when PCB and PBDE standards are fragmented by Collision Induced Dissociation. Theoretical SRM transition ratios can be calculated as a pure combinatorial probability with theoretical uncertainties lower than 0.1%. By combining PCBs and PBDEs with different number of halogen atoms, a mass range from 100 to 700 u and abundance ratios from 0.1 to 10 can be evaluated. The use of penta-chlorinated PCBs and/or penta-brominated PBDEs is finally recommended for the evaluation of spectral accuracy of mass spectrometers with the EI source. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Somoano-Blanco
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Melanie Borda
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Adriana González Gago
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Ignacio Garcia Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain.
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15
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Fernández-Fernández M, Rodríguez-González P, García Alonso JI. A simplified calculation procedure for mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) based on multiple linear regression. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:980-987. [PMID: 27388533 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a novel, rapid and easy calculation procedure for Mass Isotopomer Distribution Analysis based on multiple linear regression which allows the simultaneous calculation of the precursor pool enrichment and the fraction of newly synthesized labelled proteins (fractional synthesis) using linear algebra. To test this approach, we used the peptide RGGGLK as a model tryptic peptide containing three subunits of glycine. We selected glycine labelled in two 13 C atoms (13 C2 -glycine) as labelled amino acid to demonstrate that spectral overlap is not a problem in the proposed methodology. The developed methodology was tested first in vitro by changing the precursor pool enrichment from 10 to 40% of 13 C2 -glycine. Secondly, a simulated in vivo synthesis of proteins was designed by combining the natural abundance RGGGLK peptide and 10 or 20% 13 C2 -glycine at 1 : 1, 1 : 3 and 3 : 1 ratios. Precursor pool enrichments and fractional synthesis values were calculated with satisfactory precision and accuracy using a simple spreadsheet. This novel approach can provide a relatively rapid and easy means to measure protein turnover based on stable isotope tracers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernández-Fernández
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
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16
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Somoano-Blanco L, Rodriguez-Gonzalez P, Centineo G, Fonseca SG, Garcia Alonso JI. Simultaneous determination of α-, β- and γ-hexabromocyclododecane diastereoisomers in water samples by isotope dilution mass spectrometry using 81Br-labeled analogs. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1429:230-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Rodríguez-Cea A, Rodríguez-González P, Font Cardona N, Aranda Mares JL, Ballester Nebot S, García Alonso JI. Determination of ultratrace levels of tributyltin in waters by isotope dilution and gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1425:265-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Somoano-Blanco L, Rodriguez-Gonzalez P, García Fonseca S, Alonso JIG. Determination of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Solid Samples by Isotope Dilution Mass Spectrometry Using 37Cl-Labeled Analogues. Anal Chem 2015; 87:7840-7. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Somoano-Blanco
- Department
of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodriguez-Gonzalez
- Department
of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Sergio García Fonseca
- ISC-Science,
Innovative Solutions in Chemistry, S.L. Edificio Científico-Tecnológico Campus de “El Cristo” 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - J. Ignacio Garcia Alonso
- Department
of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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19
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Fernández-Fernández M, Rodríguez-González P, Añón Álvarez ME, Rodríguez F, Menéndez FVÁ, Alonso JIG. Simultaneous Determination of Creatinine and Creatine in Human Serum by Double-Spike Isotope Dilution Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Anal Chem 2015; 87:3755-63. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Fernández-Fernández
- Department
of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department
of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - M. Elena Añón Álvarez
- Clinical
Biochemistry Service, Central University Hospital of Asturias, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Felix Rodríguez
- Department
of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | | | - J. Ignacio García Alonso
- Department
of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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20
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Simultaneous determination of seven β2-agonists in human and bovine urine by isotope dilution liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry using compound-specific minimally 13C-labelled analogues. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1372C:63-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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21
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González-Antuña A, Rodríguez-González P, Ohlendorf R, Henrion A, Delatour V, García Alonso JI. Determination of Cystatin C in human serum by isotope dilution mass spectrometry using mass overlapping peptides. J Proteomics 2014; 112:141-55. [PMID: 25230103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Revised: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We propose a peptide-based isotope dilution mass spectrometry approach for Cystatin C determination in human serum samples, a clinical marker for renal status for which backup by a mass spectrometry based primary method has been missing so far. In contrast to common protocols, the isotope labelled version of the proteotypic signature peptide is designed such as keeping the isotopic difference as little as possible with respect to the peptide released from the protein. Peptides labelled in two (13)C atoms are added to the serum samples just before proteolysis. After two steps of chromatographic purification the sample is measured by selected reaction monitoring using a LC-MS/MS. Resolution of the first quadrupole is reduced to transmit the whole parent ion cluster to the collision cell for monitoring accurate isotopic distributions of the molecular fragments. Molar fractions of labelled and natural abundance peptides are directly obtained from the experimental mass spectra of the in-cell fragment ions. Thus, the natural abundance protein concentration is obtained from the fragment-ion spectrum of the sample without resorting to extra calibration runs. Applicability of the approach is demonstrated by the measurement of the serum concentration of Cystatin C in Reference Material ERM R-DA471/IFCC and real samples. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Cystatin C is used as an alternative marker instead of, or in combination with creatinine for non-invasive determination of glomerular filtration rates. Advantages advocating in favour of Cystatin C in diagnosis of chronic kidney diseases are the lower variability of its serum level and, particularly, virtual independence on sex, age and muscle mass. However, in order to capitalize, accuracy of measurement has to be in proportion with the predictive power of the marker. Though there are label-free methods available for screening purposes or high-throughput analysis, achieving high levels of reliability and accuracy in quantitative proteomics takes reference to isotope labelled materials. Present routine assays (mainly nephelometry, turbidimetry and ligand-binding assays) are known to leave improvement to be desired in that respect. Absolute quantification based on enzymatic signature-peptides provides a method principle establishing traceability to the International System of Units on the level of primary methods. The kind of technique is capable, by this way, of high accuracy value-assignment to matrix materials needed for calibration of present routine assays, where not completely replacing them. Cystatin C measurement by isotope dilution mass spectrometry is developed in this study with the aim of making available this tool to support diagnostics of kidney function in the same way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana González-Antuña
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Rodríguez-González
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain.
| | - Rudiger Ohlendorf
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - André Henrion
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Vincent Delatour
- Laboratoire National de Métrologie et d'Essais (LNE), Paris, France(1)
| | - J Ignacio García Alonso
- Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
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