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Errabelli R, Zheng Z, Attygalle AB. Formation of Protonated ortho-Quinonimide from ortho-Iodoaniline in the Gas Phase by a Molecular-Oxygen-Mediated, ortho-Isomer-Specific Fragmentation Mechanism. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:864-872. [PMID: 32233379 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Upon collisional activation under mass spectrometric conditions, protonated 2-, 3-, and 4-iodoanilines lose an iodine radical to generate primarily dehydroanilinium radical cations (m/z 93), which are the distonic counterparts of the conventional molecular ion of aniline. When briefly accumulated in the Trap region of a Triwave cell in a SYNAPT G2 instrument, before being released for ion-mobility separation, these dehydroanilinium cations react readily with traces of oxygen present in the mobility gas to form peroxyl radical cations. Although all three isomeric dehydroanilinium ions showed avid affinity for O2, their reactivities were distinctly different. For example, the product-ion spectra recorded from mass-selected m/z 93 ion from 3- and 4-iodoanilines showed a peak at m/z 125 for the respective peroxylbenzenaminium ion. In contrast, an analogous peak at m/z 125 was absent in the spectrum of the 2-dehydroanilinium ion generated from 2-iodoaniline. Evidently, the 2-peroxylbenzenaminium ion generated from the 2-dehydroanilinium ion immediately loses a •OH to form protonated ortho-quinonimide (m/z 108).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramu Errabelli
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Zhaoyu Zheng
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
| | - Athula B Attygalle
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry, and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey 07030, United States
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2
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Kosyakov DS, Khoroshev OY, Anikeenko EA, Ul’yanovskii NV. Quadrupole Ion Trap Time-of-Flight MALDI Mass Spectrometry: Hydration of Ions of Hydroxyl-Containing Compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934819140053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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3
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Ion-molecule adduct formation in tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2015; 408:1269-77. [PMID: 26700446 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-015-9237-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays most LC-MS methods rely on tandem mass spectrometry not only for quantitation and confirmation of compounds by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM), but also for the identification of unknowns from their product ion spectra. However, gas-phase reactions between charged and neutral species inside the mass analyzer can occur, yielding product ions at m/z values higher than that of the precursor ion, or at m/z values difficult to explain by logical losses, which complicate mass spectral interpretation. In this work, the formation of adduct ions in the mass analyzer was studied using several mass spectrometers with different mass analyzers (ion trap, triple quadrupole, and quadrupole-Orbitrap). Heterocyclic amines (AαC, MeAαC, Trp-P-1, and Trp-P-2), photo-initiators (BP and THBP), and pharmaceuticals (phenacetin and levamisole) were selected as model compounds and infused in LCQ Classic, TSQ Quantum Ultra AM, and Q-Exactive Orbitrap (ThermoFisher Scientific) mass spectrometers using electrospray as ionization method. The generation of ion-molecule adducts depended on the compound and also on the instrument employed. Adducts with neutral organic solvents (methanol and acetonitrile) were only observed in the ion trap instrument (LCQ Classic), because of the ionization source on-axis configuration and the lack of gas-phase barriers, which allowed inertial entrance of the neutrals into the analyzer. Adduct formation (only with water) in the triple quadrupole instruments was less abundant than in the ion trap and quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometers, because of the lower residence time of the reactive product ions in the mass analyzer. The moisture level of the CID and/or damper gas had a great effect in beam-like mass analyzers such as triple quadrupole, but not in trap-like mass analyzers, probably because of the long residence time that allowed adduct formation even with very low concentrations of water inside the mass spectrometer.
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Treu A, Rittner M, Kemken D, Schiebel HM, Spiteller P, Dülcks T. Loss of atomic nitrogen from even-electron ions? A study on benzodiazepines. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2015; 50:978-986. [PMID: 28338276 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The fragment spectra of protonated nitro-substituted benzodiazepines show an unusual fragment [M + H - 14]+ , which is shown by accurate mass measurement to be due to the loss of a nitrogen atom. Our investigations show that this apparent loss of atomic nitrogen is rather an attachment of molecular oxygen to the [M + H - NO2 ]+• ion, which is the main fragment ion in these spectra. The oxygen attachment is exothermic, and rate constants have been derived. MSn spectra show that it is not easily reversible upon fragmentation of the adduct ion and that it is also observed with some secondary and tertiary fragments, which allows to limit the attachment site to the aromatic ring annulated to the diazepine moiety. Fragments of the oxygen adduct ion indicate that the O2 molecule dissociates in the adduct formation process, and the two oxygen atoms are bound to different sites of the ion. Comparison with radical cations generated by fragmentation of non-nitro-substituted benzodiazepines, none of which showed an oxygen attachment, and the fragmentation mechanisms involved in their formation indicates that the [M + H - NO2 ]+• ion is a distonic ion with the charge and radical site neighbored on the aromatic ring. From these results, we derive a proposal for the formation and structure of the [M + H - NO2 + O2 ]+• ion, which explains the experimental observations. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Axel Treu
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Leobener Str. NW2A, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Miriam Rittner
- SiChem GmbH, Fahrenheitstr. 1 (BITZ), Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Dorit Kemken
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Leobener Str. NW2A, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Hans-Martin Schiebel
- Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institut für Organische Chemie, Hagenring 30, Braunschweig, D-38106, Germany
| | - Peter Spiteller
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Leobener Str. NW2A, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
| | - Thomas Dülcks
- Universität Bremen, Fachbereich 2, Leobener Str. NW2A, Bremen, D-28359, Germany
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Lech K, Wilicka E, Witowska-Jarosz J, Jarosz M. Early synthetic dyes--a challenge for tandem mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:141-147. [PMID: 23378085 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present study concerns identification of early yellow synthetic dyes from silk fibers taken from the 1930 spring color palette of the Lyon Dyers' Guild (La Chambre Syndicale des Teinturiers). The identification was based mainly on the electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry spectra obtained in the positive and negative ion modes. This technique was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography, which enabled separation of the analyzed compounds. Spectra registered for each of the examined synthetic dye allowed identification of their lost fragments. Moreover, isotopic profiles and exact measurements of m/z by using time of flight analyzer made possible to evaluate their elemental composition. In consequence, all obtained data, including UV-vis spectra, allowed to reconstruct molecular structures of examined colorants. Due to the lack of standards, the identification of the dyes was based only on the registration of fragment and quasi-molecular ions, what is rather uncommon in such analysis and means groping for the correct structure rather than proving signal identity by comparison with standards. Depending on substituents present in dye molecules, the lost fragments of the examined compounds involved SO(2), NO(•), NO(2)(•), CH(4), C(2)H(4), C(2)H(5)(•), C(2)H(6), CH(2)=N-CH(3), (CH(3))(2)NH, CH(2)= NH, CH(3)-NH(2), as well as CO and CO(2). The performed study led to identification of various colorants: rhodamine 6 G, rhodamine B, malachite green, quinoline yellow, picric acid and acetoquinone yellow 5JZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Lech
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Noakowskiego 3, 00-664, Warsaw, Poland
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Thevis M, Gerace E, Thomas A, Beuck S, Geyer H, Schlörer N, Kearbey JD, Dalton JT, Schänzer W. Characterization of in vitro generated metabolites of the selective androgen receptor modulators S-22 and S-23 and in vivo comparison to post-administration canine urine specimens. Drug Test Anal 2010; 2:589-98. [DOI: 10.1002/dta.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 09/12/2010] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Dreiocker F, Oomens J, Meijer AJHM, Pickup BT, Jackson RFW, Schäfer M. Structure Elucidation of Dimethylformamide-Solvated Alkylzinc Cations in the Gas Phase. J Org Chem 2010; 75:1203-13. [DOI: 10.1021/jo902492z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Frank Dreiocker
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Jos Oomens
- FOM Institute for Plasma Physics Rijnhuizen, Edisonbaan 14, Nieuwegein 3439 MN, The Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018WV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anthony J. H. M. Meijer
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Barry T. Pickup
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Richard F. W. Jackson
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Sheffield, S3 7HF, United Kingdom
| | - Mathias Schäfer
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Organic Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939 Köln, Germany
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Beuck S, Schwabe T, Grimme S, Schlörer N, Kamber M, Schänzer W, Thevis M. Unusual mass spectrometric dissociation pathway of protonated isoquinoline-3-carboxamides due to multiple reversible water adduct formation in the gas phase. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2009; 20:2034-48. [PMID: 19734057 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The study of the collision-induced dissociation behavior of various substituted isoquinoline-3-carboxamides, which are amongst a group of drug candidates for the treatment of anemic disorders (e.g., FG-2216), allowed for the formulation of the general mechanisms underlying the unusual fragmentation behavior of this class of compounds. Characterization was achieved with high-resolution/high accuracy LTQ-Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry of the protonated precursor ions. Presented data were substantiated by the synthesis and analysis of proposed gas-phase intermediate structures and stable isotope labeled analogues, as well as by density functional theory calculations. Exemplary, CID of protonated N-[(1-chloro-4-hydroxy-7-isopropoxy-isoquinolin-3-yl)carbonyl]glycine gives rise to the isoquinoline-3-carboxy-methyleneamide product ion which nominally eliminates a fragment of 11 u. This was attributed to the loss of methyleneamine (-29 u) and a concomitant spontaneous and reversible water addition (+18 u) to the resulting acylium ion to yield the protonated isoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid. The same water addition pattern is observed after loss of propylene (-42 u). A further nominal loss of 10 u is explained by the elimination of carbon monoxide (-28 u) followed by another water adduct formation (+18 u) to yield the protonated 1-chloro-3,4,7-trihydroxy-isoquinoline. The source of the multiple gas-phase water addition remained unclear. This atypical fragmentation pattern proved to be highly characteristic for all studied and differentially substituted isoquinoline-3-carboxamides, and offers powerful analytical tools for the establishment of a LC/MS(/MS) based screening procedure for model HIF-stabilizers and their potential metabolites in clinical, forensic and sports drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Beuck
- Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Weisz A, Mazzola EP, Ito Y. Preparative separation of di- and trisulfonated components of Quinoline Yellow using affinity-ligand pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:4161-8. [PMID: 19281993 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2008] [Revised: 02/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Four positionally isomeric 2-(2-quinolinyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dionedisulfonic acids (SA) and one triSA, components of the color additive Quinoline Yellow (QY, Color Index No. 47005), were isolated from the dye mixture by affinity-ligand pH-zone-refining counter-current chromatography (CCC) through complementary use of ion-exchange and ion-pair reagents as the ligand. The added ligands facilitated the partitioning of the very polar polysulfonated components into the organic stationary phase of the two-phase solvent systems that consisted of isoamyl alcohol-methyl tert-butyl ether-acetonitrile-water (3:5:1:7), (3:4:1:7) or (3:1:1:5). Thus, separation of a 5-g portion of QY using sulfuric acid as the retainer and dodecylamine as the ligand (an ion-exchange reagent, 20% in the stationary phase), resulted in 1.21g of 6',5-diSA and 1.69g of 6',8',5-triSA, both of over 99% purity. A minor component, 8',4-diSA, not previously reported was also obtained (4.8mg of over 94% purity) through a similar separation of a different batch of QY using hydrochloric acid as the retainer and 10% dodecylamine as the ligand in the stationary phase. Two components that co-eluted (0.55g) in the 5g separation were separated when trifluoroacetic acid was used as the retainer and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (an ion-pair reagent) as the ligand. The separation resulted in 20.7mg of 6',4-diSA, not previously reported, and 111.8mg of 8',5-diSA, both of over 98% purity. The isolated compounds were characterized by high-resolution mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance with correlated spectroscopy assignments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Weisz
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD 20740, USA.
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Jandera P. Selection of Separation Conditions for HPLC and HPLC/MS of Aromatic Sulphonic Acids and Acid Azo Dyes. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070701465456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. Jandera
- a Department of Analytical Chemistry , University of Pardubice , Czech Republic
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Attygalle AB, Kharbatia N, Bialecki J, Ruzicka J, Svatos A, Stauber EJ. An unexpected ion-molecule adduct in negative-ion collision-induced decomposition ion-trap mass spectra of halogenated benzoic acids. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:2265-70. [PMID: 16804956 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The ion observed at m/z 145 when product ion spectra of iodobenzoate anions are recorded using ion-trap mass spectrometers corresponds to the adduct ion [I(H(2)O)](-). The elements of water required for the formation of this adduct do not originate from the precursor ion but from traces of moisture present in the helium buffer gas. A collision-induced decomposition (CID) spectrum recorded from the [M-H](-) ion (m/z 251) derived from 3-iodo[2,4,5,6-(2)H(4)]benzoic acid also showed an ion at m/z 145. This observation confirmed that the m/z 145 is not a product ion resulting from a direct neutral loss from the carboxylate anion. (79)Bromobenzoate anions produce similar results showing an ion at m/z 97 for [(79)Br(H(2)O)](-). The ion-molecule reaction observed here is unique to ion-trap mass spectrometers since a corresponding ion was not observed under our experimental conditions in spectra recorded with in-space tandem mass spectrometers such as triple quadrupole or quadrupole time-of-flight instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athula B Attygalle
- Center for Mass Spectrometry, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA.
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Vanerková D, Sakalis A, Holcapek M, Jandera P, Voulgaropoulos A. Analysis of electrochemical degradation products of sulphonated azo dyes using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2006; 20:2807-15. [PMID: 16941542 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatment of wastewaters containing azo dyes in the textile industry is a promising approach for their degradation. The monitoring of the course of the decomposition of azo dyes in wastewaters is essential due to the environmental impact of their degradation products. In this work, aqueous solutions of a simple azo dye with a low molecular weight (C.I. Acid Yellow 9) and more complex commercial dye (C.I. Reactive Black 5) were electrochemically treated in a laboratory-scale electrolytic cell in sodium chloride or ammonium acetate as supporting electrolytes. Ion-pairing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with negative-ion electrospray ionization mass spectrometry is applied for the identification of electrochemical degradation products. In addition to simple inorganic salts, the formation of aromatic degradation products obtained due to the cleavage of azo bonds and further degradation reactions is shown, as well as chlorination where sodium chloride is the supporting electrolyte. Degradation mechanisms are suggested for the treatment with sodium chloride as the supporting electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Vanerková
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, University of Pardubice, Nám. Cs. Legií 565, CZ-532 10 Pardubice, Czech Republic
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Ansorgová D, Holčapek M, Jandera P. Ion-pairing high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of impurities and reduction products of sulphonated azodyes. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2002; 37:1298-1307. [PMID: 12489092 DOI: 10.1002/jms.259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
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