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Creydt M, Fischer M. Food metabolomics: Latest hardware-developments for nontargeted food authenticity and food safety testing. Electrophoresis 2022; 43:2334-2350. [PMID: 36104152 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202200126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The analytical requirements for food testing have increased significantly in recent years. On the one hand, because food fraud is becoming an ever-greater challenge worldwide, and on the other hand because food safety is often difficult to monitor due to the far-reaching trade chains. In addition, the expectations of consumers on the quality of food have increased, and they are demanding extensive information. Cutting-edge analytical methods are required to meet these demands. In this context, non-targeted metabolomics strategies using mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometers (mass spectrometry [MS]) have proven to be very suitable. MS-based approaches are of particular importance as they provide a comparatively high analytical coverage of the metabolome. Accordingly, the efficiency to address even challenging issues is high. A variety of hardware developments, which are explained in this review, have contributed to these advances. In addition, the potential of future developments is highlighted, some of which are currently not yet commercially available or only used to a comparatively small extent but are expected to gain in importance in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Creydt
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science - Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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von Wuthenau K, Müller MS, Cvancar L, Oest M, Fischer M. Food Authentication of Almonds ( Prunus dulcis Mill.). Fast Origin Analysis with Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry and Chemometrics. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5237-5244. [PMID: 35438492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Food fraud is a growing problem, especially misdeclaration due to regional price differences offering a wide field. Fast, powerful, and cost-effective analytical methods are therefore essential to counteract food fraud. The isotopolome is suitable for origin discrimination and was analyzed in this study using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). A total of 250 almond samples from six countries and four crop years were analyzed and evaluated by chemometric methods. By using a ratio-based assessment, calibration problems were avoided and an origin predictive accuracy of 85.2 ± 1.2% was achieved. Compared to ICP-MS with solution nebulization, the analysis time could be reduced to about one-fifth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian von Wuthenau
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie-Sophie Müller
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lina Cvancar
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marie Oest
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Fischer
- Hamburg School of Food Science─Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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von Wuthenau K, Segelke T, Müller MS, Behlok H, Fischer M. Food authentication of almonds (Prunus dulcis mill.). Origin analysis with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and chemometrics. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Hiraoka K, Ariyada O, Usmanov DT, Chen LC, Ninomiya S, Yoshimura K, Takeda S, Yu Z, Mandal MK, Wada H, Rankin-Turner S, Nonami H. Probe Electrospray Ionization (PESI) and Its Modified Versions: Dipping PESI (dPESI), Sheath-Flow PESI (sfPESI) and Adjustable sfPESI (ad-sfPESI). Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2020; 9:A0092. [PMID: 33299735 PMCID: PMC7708747 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2007, probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (PESI/MS) was developed. In this technique, the needle is moved down along a vertical axis and the tip of the needle touched to the sample. After capturing the sample at the needle tip, the needle is then moved up and a high voltage is applied to the needle at the highest position to generate electrospray. Due to the discontinuous sampling followed by the generation of spontaneous electrospray, sequential and exhaustive electrospray takes place depending on the surface activity of the analytes. As modified versions of PESI, dipping PESI (dPESI), sheath-flow PESI (sfPESI) and adjustable sfPESI (ad-sfPESI) have been developed. These methods are complementary to each other and they can be applicable to surface and bulk analysis of various biological samples. In this article, the characteristics of these methods and their applications to real samples will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Ariyada
- ARIOS INC., 3–2–20 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196–0021, Japan
| | - Dilshadbek T. Usmanov
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Lee C. Chen
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimo-Kateau, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimo-Kateau, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Zhang Yu
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Mridul K. Mandal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833–0041, Japan
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790–8566, Japan
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Usui K, Minami E, Fujita Y, Kubota E, Kobayashi H, Hanazawa T, Yoshizawa T, Kamijo Y, Funayama M. Application of probe electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry to ultra-rapid determination of glufosinate and glyphosate in human serum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 174:175-181. [PMID: 31170631 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Glufosinate and glyphosate, which are non-selective herbicides that include an amino acid moiety in their structures, are frequently used worldwide to control unwanted vegetation. Unfortunately, these readily available herbicides are also used by people to commit suicide, and thus represent important chemicals of interest in the fields of clinical medicine and forensics. Because of the high water solubility of these herbicides, most analytical methods for their detection require a derivatization step, which results in longer analysis times. Therefore, derivatization-based methods do not currently contribute to judgements on treatment decisions in emergency medicine. In this study, we addressed this limiting factor by developing an ultra-rapid and simple analytical technique using a combination of probe electrospray ionization (PESI) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), which gives quantitative results within 0.3 min. Herbicide standards were added to human serum that was then subjected to analysis (N = 5 per concentration). The analysis was repeated daily over eight consecutive days. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.59 μg/mL for glufosinate and 0.20 μg/mL for glyphosate. The limit of quantitation (LOQ), i.e., the lowest point on the calibration curves, was 1.56 μg/mL for both the herbicides. The matrix effects were observed at three different concentrations (between 95.7%-104% for glufosinate, and between 90.7%-95.7% for glyphosate). When applied to samples taken from actual poisoning cases (six samples for each herbicide), the present method gave almost the same quantitative values as those obtained by conventional high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Thus, we believe that PESI-MS/MS could emerge as a rapid diagnosis method in the clinical emergency field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Usui
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Eriko Minami
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka 020-8505, Japan
| | - Eito Kubota
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Haruka Kobayashi
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hanazawa
- Emergency Medical Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshizawa
- Emergency Medical Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kamijo
- Emergency Medical Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
| | - Masato Funayama
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
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Usui K, Kobayashi H, Fujita Y, Kubota E, Hanazawa T, Yoshizawa T, Kamijo Y, Funayama M. An ultra-rapid drug screening method for acetaminophen in blood serum based on probe electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:786-792. [PMID: 31324294 PMCID: PMC9307038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poisoning incidents caused by drugs, accidental ingestion of poisons, attempted suicide, homicide, and exposure to toxic compounds occur frequently every year across the globe. This raises the need to rapidly identify toxic agents in poisoned patients in a clinical emergency setting. In addition, determining drug/poison concentration is undoubtedly necessary to arrive at a toxicological treatment plan. The purpose of this study was to develop an ultra-rapid drug screening method for the clinical treatment of poisoning. Probe electrospray ionization (PESI), one of the ambient ionization techniques, is able to detect compounds from various biological materials almost directly. We applied the PESI technique to the rapid detection of acetaminophen (APAP). Blood serum samples were diluted 100-fold with 10 mM ammonium formate/ethanol (1:1 v/v) solution including deuterium-labeled internal standards (IS; APAP-d4). Only 10 μL of the diluted sample was used for measurement. The tandem mass spectrometer (MS/MS) equipped with a PESI was used in selected reaction monitoring mode for the quantitation of APAP; the measurement time was only 18 s. Transitions were set at 152 > 110 for quantitation, 152 > 65 for qualifier, and 156 > 114 for IS (APAP-d4). All measurements were conducted in positive mode. The calibration curve (1/x2) was linear over the range of 1.56–200 μg/mL (r2 = 0.998), and the limit of detection and quantitation were 0.37 μg/mL and 1.56 μg/mL, respectively. The accuracy (bias) and precision (RSD%) of the method were within an acceptable range (−0.15–2.8% and 2.3–6.1%, respectively) and matrix effect at 3 concentrations (95.1–104%) indicated that PESI-MS/MS is only slightly affected by matrices. In real forensic cases, quantitative values of APAP determined by the PESI-MS/MS were almost identical to those determined by the liquid chromatography-MS/MS method. Since PESI-MS/MS is a simple, reliable, and rapid determination method for toxic agents with virtually no need for blood serum pretreatment, it would be highly suitable for poisoning cases in clinical emergency settings. In the future, a method for simultaneous rapid determination of multiple toxic agents will be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Usui
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Haruka Kobayashi
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Morioka, 020-8505, Japan
| | - Eito Kubota
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hanazawa
- Emergency Medical Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshizawa
- Emergency Medical Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kamijo
- Emergency Medical Center and Poison Center, Saitama Medical University Hospital, Saitama, 350-0495, Japan
| | - Masato Funayama
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, 980-8575, Japan
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Usui K, Murata T, Fujita Y, Kamijo Y, Hanazawa T, Yoshizawa T, Funayama M. Direct detection of the psychoactive substance MT-45 in human tissue samples by probe electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry. Drug Test Anal 2018; 10:1033-1038. [PMID: 29669397 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Analyses of drugs and poisons in tissue samples are essential in forensic toxicology and pharmacology. However, current procedures for tissue analysis are laborious and time-consuming. Therefore, we assessed the utility of a newly devised probe electrospray ionization (PESI) technique with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) for easy, ultra-rapid drug detection in human tissue samples. Using this system, typical pretreatment procedures, such as solid-phase extraction, liquid-liquid extraction, deproteinization, or homogenization, can be avoided. Briefly, a tissue sample of 1-2 mm3 was supplemented with a solution of ethanol and 10 mmol/L ammonium formate, and measurements were obtained. We demonstrated the successful application of this method in a forensic case by detecting an opioid analgesic, MT-45, in all tissue samples (liver, kidney, lung, brain, and heart). We also detected oxidized metabolites of MT-45 in the liver. Since the analysis required only 0.5 minutes per sample, PESI-MS/MS is an ultra-rapid detection method. Furthermore, for a quantitative approach, the total analysis time for the combination of PESI-MS/MS with the quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) extraction method (from instrument start-up to extraction and PESI-analysis) was within 8 minutes. MT-45 concentrations obtained by QuEChERS-PESI-MS/MS and liquid chromatography (LC) -MS/MS were similar for all tissue samples. PESI-MS/MS cannot be used to separate isobars/isomers (ie, compounds with the same m/z value), similar to other direct introduction techniques. Further studies are needed to validate the quantitation method. However, our results indicate that PESI-MS/MS is a potentially easy and rapid technique for the analysis of drugs and poisons in human tissue samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotaka Usui
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tasuku Murata
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuji Fujita
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshito Kamijo
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomoki Hanazawa
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Masato Funayama
- Division of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Gil Solsona R, Boix C, Ibáñez M, Sancho JV. The classification of almonds (Prunus dulcis) by country and variety using UHPLC-HRMS-based untargeted metabolomics. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2018; 35:395-403. [DOI: 10.1080/19440049.2017.1416679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Gil Solsona
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - C. Boix
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - M. Ibáñez
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
| | - J. V. Sancho
- Research Institute for Pesticides and Water (IUPA), University Jaume I, Castellón, Spain
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