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Lin YC, Chien WC, Wang YX, Wang YH, Yang FS, Tseng LP, Hung JH. PS 2MS: A Deep Learning-Based Prediction System for Identifying New Psychoactive Substances Using Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2024; 96:4835-4844. [PMID: 38488022 PMCID: PMC10974679 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The rapid proliferation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) poses significant challenges to conventional mass-spectrometry-based identification methods due to the absence of reference spectra for these emerging substances. This paper introduces PS2MS, an AI-powered predictive system designed specifically to address the limitations of identifying the emergence of unidentified novel illicit drugs. PS2MS builds a synthetic NPS database by enumerating feasible derivatives of known substances and uses deep learning to generate mass spectra and chemical fingerprints. When the mass spectrum of an analyte does not match any known reference, PS2MS simultaneously examines the chemical fingerprint and mass spectrum against the putative NPS database using integrated metrics to deduce possible identities. Experimental results affirm the effectiveness of PS2MS in identifying cathinone derivatives within real evidence specimens, signifying its potential for practical use in identifying emerging drugs of abuse for researchers and forensic experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Lin
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Doctoral
Degree Program of Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department
of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Chien
- Department
of Computer Science, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 300, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Xuan Wang
- Department
of Computer Science, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 300, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Hau Wang
- Department
of Computer Science, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 300, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Shuo Yang
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Department
of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung
Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Li-Ping Tseng
- Department
of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Hung Hung
- Department
of Computer Science, National Yang Ming
Chiao Tung University, HsinChu 300, Taiwan
- Program
in Biomedical Artificial Intelligence, National
Tsing Hua University, HsinChu 300, Taiwan
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Ji J, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Chang J, Wang A, Zhou H, Liu Y, Wang J. Direct analysis in real-time tandem mass spectrometry method for the rapid screening of 11 new psychoactive substances in blood and urine. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37 Suppl 1:e9515. [PMID: 37013363 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE With the continuous renewal of new psychoactive substances (NPS), the abuse of NPS has seriously harmed social security and public safety. The number of deaths from the abuse of NPS is increasing year by year. Therefore, there is an immediate need to develop an effective method for detecting NPS. METHODS Direct analysis in real-time tandem mass spectrometry (DART-MS/MS) was used to detect 11 NPS in blood and urine. The temperature of the ion source was optimized and set to 400°C. The mixture solvent of acetonitrile/methanol (4:1, v/v) was used as the precipitant. SKF-525 (2-(diethylamino)ethyl 2,2-diphenylpentanoate) was selected as the internal standard for quantification. After the pretreatment of the analytes in blood or urine, the supernatant was prepared for instrumental analysis. RESULTS The results indicated that the correlation coefficients (r2 ) of all analytes ranged from 0.99 to 1 in the linear range. The recoveries of 11 analytes at three spiked levels ranged between 83.4% and 110.4% in blood and between 81.7% and 108.5% in urine. The matrix effects of 11 analytes ranged between 79.5% and 109.5% in blood and between 85.0% and 109.4% in urine. The relative standard deviations of intra-day and inter-day precisions and repeatability were lower than 12.4%, 14.1%, and 14.3% in blood and lower than 11.4%, 13.9%, and 14.3% in urine, respectively. CONCLUSION The method established for the detection of 11 NPS could meet the needs for the rapid screening of NPS samples. The DART-MS/MS method has the advantages of being efficient, fast, and green. Therefore, it may become a promising technology for the detection of NPS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Ji
- School of Criminal Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Forensic Science Service of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Key Laboratory of Forensic Toxicology, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Chang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Aihua Wang
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, China
| | - Jifen Wang
- School of Criminal Investigation, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China
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Deschamps E, Calabrese V, Schmitz I, Hubert-Roux M, Castagnos D, Afonso C. Advances in Ultra-High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry for Pharmaceutical Analysis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052061. [PMID: 36903305 PMCID: PMC10003995 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical analysis refers to an area of analytical chemistry that deals with active compounds either by themselves (drug substance) or when formulated with excipients (drug product). In a less simplistic way, it can be defined as a complex science involving various disciplines, e.g., drug development, pharmacokinetics, drug metabolism, tissue distribution studies, and environmental contamination analyses. As such, the pharmaceutical analysis covers drug development to its impact on health and the environment. Moreover, due to the need for safe and effective medications, the pharmaceutical industry is one of the most heavily regulated sectors of the global economy. For this reason, powerful analytical instrumentation and efficient methods are required. In the last decades, mass spectrometry has been increasingly used in pharmaceutical analysis both for research aims and routine quality controls. Among different instrumental setups, ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry with Fourier transform instruments, i.e., Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FTICR) and Orbitrap, gives access to valuable molecular information for pharmaceutical analysis. In fact, thanks to their high resolving power, mass accuracy, and dynamic range, reliable molecular formula assignments or trace analysis in complex mixtures can be obtained. This review summarizes the principles of the two main types of Fourier transform mass spectrometers, and it highlights applications, developments, and future perspectives in pharmaceutical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Deschamps
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnières, CEDEX, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- ORIL Industrie, Servier Group, 13 r Auguste Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Valentina Calabrese
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnières, CEDEX, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, CNRS UMR 5280, 5 Rue de La Doua, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Isabelle Schmitz
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnières, CEDEX, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marie Hubert-Roux
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnières, CEDEX, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Denis Castagnos
- ORIL Industrie, Servier Group, 13 r Auguste Desgenétais, 76210 Bolbec, France
| | - Carlos Afonso
- Normandie Univ, COBRA, UMR 6014 and FR 3038, Université de Rouen, INSA de Rouen, CNRS, IRCOF, 1 rue Tesnières, CEDEX, 76821 Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Correspondence:
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Affiliation(s)
- David Love
- United States Drug Enforcement Administration, Special Testing and Research Laboratory, USA
| | - Nicole S. Jones
- RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA,70113th Street, N.W., Suite 750, Washington, DC, 20005-3967, USA,Corresponding author. RTI International, Applied Justice Research Division, Center for Forensic Sciences, 3040 E. Cornwallis Road, Research Triangle Park, NC, 22709-2194, USA.
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Santos LP, Nascimento MHC, Barros IHAS, Santos NA, Lacerda V, Filgueiras PR, Romão W. Portable Raman spectroscopy applied to the study of drugs of abuse. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1399-1416. [DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.15011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Layla P. Santos
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Vitória Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense) Vila Velha Brazil
| | - Marcia H. C. Nascimento
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Vitória Brazil
| | - Iago H. A. S. Barros
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Vitória Brazil
| | - Nayara A. Santos
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Vitória Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense) Vila Velha Brazil
| | - Valdemar Lacerda
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Vitória Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Filgueiras
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Vitória Brazil
| | - Wanderson Romão
- Laboratório de Petroleômica e Forense Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo (UFES) Vitória Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia Forense (INCT Forense) Vila Velha Brazil
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES) Vila Velha Brazil
- Academia Brasileira de Ciências (ABC) Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Rankin‐Turner S, Heaney LM. Applications of ambient ionization mass spectrometry in 2020: An annual review. ANALYTICAL SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 2:193-212. [PMID: 38716454 PMCID: PMC10989608 DOI: 10.1002/ansa.202000135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Recent developments in mass spectrometry (MS) analyses have seen a concerted effort to reduce the complexity of analytical workflows through the simplification (or removal) of sample preparation and the shortening of run-to-run analysis times. Ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AIMS) is an exemplar MS-based technology that has swiftly developed into a popular and powerful tool in analytical science. This increase in interest and demonstrable applications is down to its capacity to enable the rapid analysis of a diverse range of samples, typically in their native state or following a minimalistic sample preparation approach. The field of AIMS is constantly improving and expanding, with developments of powerful and novel techniques, improvements to existing instrumentation, and exciting new applications added with each year that passes. This annual review provides an overview of applications of AIMS techniques over the past year (2020), with a particular focus on the application of AIMS in a number of key fields of research including biomedical sciences, forensics and security, food sciences, the environment, and chemical synthesis. Novel ambient ionization techniques are introduced, including picolitre pressure-probe electrospray ionization and fiber spray ionization, in addition to modifications and improvements to existing techniques such as hand-held devices for ease of use, and USB-powered ion sources for on-site analysis. In all, the information provided in this review supports the view that AIMS has become a leading approach in MS-based analyses and that improvements to existing methods, alongside the development of novel approaches, will continue across the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Rankin‐Turner
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthJohns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Liam M. Heaney
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health SciencesLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireUK
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