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Genomic analysis of a large set of currently-and historically-important human adenovirus pathogens. Emerg Microbes Infect 2018; 7:10. [PMID: 29410402 PMCID: PMC5837155 DOI: 10.1038/s41426-017-0004-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Human adenoviruses (HAdVs) are uniquely important “model organisms” as they have been used to elucidate fundamental biological processes, are recognized as complex pathogens, and are used as remedies for human health. As pathogens, HAdVs may effect asymptomatic or mild and severe symptomatic disease upon their infection of respiratory, ocular, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary systems. High-resolution genomic data have enhanced the understanding of HAdV epidemiology, with recombination recognized as an important and major pathway in the molecular evolution and genesis of emergent HAdV pathogens. To support this view and to actualize an algorithm for identifying, characterizing, and typing novel HAdVs, we determined the DNA sequence of 95 isolates from archives containing historically important pathogens and collections housing currently circulating strains to be sequenced. Of the 85 samples that were completely sequenced, 18 novel recombinants within species HAdV-B and D were identified. Two HAdV-D genomes were found to contain novel penton base and fiber genes with significant divergence from known molecular types. In this data set, we found additional isolates of HAdV-D53 and HAdV-D58, two novel genotypes recognized recently using genomics. This supports the thesis that novel HAdV genotypes are not limited to “one-time” appearances of the prototype but are of importance in HAdV epidemiology. These data underscore the significance of lateral genomic transfer in HAdV evolution and reinforce the potential public health impact of novel genotypes of HAdVs emerging in the population.
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Larrañaga C, Martínez H J, Palomino M A, Peña C M, Carrión A F, Avendaño C LF. Molecular characterization of hospital-acquired adenovirus infantile respiratory infection in Chile using species-specific PCR assays. J Clin Virol 2007; 39:175-81. [PMID: 17567530 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2006] [Revised: 04/09/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenovirus serotypes 7, 2 and 1 are the second most common cause of viral acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) requiring hospitalization in Chile. Nosocomial outbreaks have high secondary attack and lethality rates, and call for rapid and specific diagnosis. OBJECTIVE We compared the results obtained on ALRI specimens by immunofluorescence (IFA) and virus isolation, plus restriction enzyme digestion (RFLP) typing, with universal, species-specific and 7h-specific PCR typing of adenovirus. A second objective was to determine the type of adenovirus implicated in nosocomial infection and nosocomial cross-infection rates. METHODS Infants hospitalized for ALRI in the Roberto del Río Children's Hospital (Santiago, Chile) in 1995-1996 had nasopharyngeal aspirates obtained at admission and tested by IFA and virus isolation. Adenovirus isolates were identified by RFLP. When an index case was identified, samples were collected from contacts for 2 consecutive days and twice weekly thereafter for 2 weeks. Further typing of adenovirus isolates was undertaken with universal, species-specific and 7h-specific PCR performed in 2003 on the stored frozen samples. RESULTS Fifteen index cases of adenovirus and their 65 contacts were identified. The nosocomial secondary attack rate using PCR was estimated as 46%. PCR had a higher sensitivity (98.7%) compared to virus isolation (90%) and IFA (50%) and facilitated identification of adenovirus strains more easily and accurately than RFLP (91.6% versus 55.8%). Fifty-three percent of the contacts had severe outcomes. The case fatality rate was 16.6% and was associated with adenovirus 7h. CONCLUSIONS Prompt, rapid and sensitive methods to identify adenovirus infection are necessary, especially for hospital-acquired adenovirus infections, because of their ease of spread and high fatality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Larrañaga
- Programa de Virología, ICBM, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Independencia 1027, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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Chmielewicz B, Nitsche A, Schweiger B, Ellerbrok H. Development of a PCR-based assay for detection, quantification, and genotyping of human adenoviruses. Clin Chem 2005; 51:1365-73. [PMID: 15951322 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.045088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoviruses (AdVs) can cause serious disease in immunosuppressed patients, particularly those undergoing allogeneic stem cell transplantation. A method for virus quantification in clinical specimens is essential for monitoring patient adenoviral loads and evaluating new therapeutic approaches. METHODS We developed a PCR-based assay that combines detection and genotyping of human AdVs, targeting a highly conserved region of the adenoviral genome coding for the DNA polymerase (AdV DPol PCR). We tested the diagnostic applicability of this PCR-based assay by analyzing 159 clinical specimens from children with respiratory disease and comparing the results with those obtained by nested PCR analysis. RESULTS The PCR assay detected all currently known AdV serotypes, with a detection limit of approximately 10 genome equivalents per reaction for 49 of 51 serotypes. No cross-reactivity to human DNA or other DNA viruses was observed. In addition, genotyping of PCR-positive samples was achieved within minutes by fluorescence curve melting analysis in a LightCycler instrument using 6 pairs of hybridization probes, each specific for a single AdV species. Results for clinical specimens were in good concordance with those obtained by nested PCR. CONCLUSION The presented assay is a suitable tool for the detection and genotyping of human AdVs in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Chmielewicz
- Robert Koch-Institut, Zentrum für Biologische Sicherheit 1, FG12 'Virale Infektionen', Berlin, Germany.
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Palomino MA, Larrañaga C, Villagra E, Camacho J, Avendaño LF. Adenovirus and respiratory syncytial virus-adenovirus mixed acute lower respiratory infections in Chilean infants. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2004; 23:337-41. [PMID: 15071289 DOI: 10.1097/00006454-200404000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Chile respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (AD) are the principal viruses detected in acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) in infants. An overview of AD pneumonia in Chile to detect annual trends and to compare the severity of single AD or mixed RSV-AD infections is presented. METHODS Surveillance in 4927 infants hospitalized for ALRI has been performed from 1989 to 2001 using immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and viral isolation. Clinical features in 117 infants with single genotyped AD and 81 infants with mixed RSV-AD infections were analyzed. RESULTS Adenovirus cases declined from 20% annually in the early 1990s to approximately 5% in the 2000 decade. Genotype 7h showed increasing prevalence in hospitalized cases. The mean annual burden of hospitalizations caused by AD in Santiago was estimated to be 0.6%. No difference was observed in duration of fever, oxygen requirement and hospital stay between groups. Lung consolidation was more frequent in AD cases than mixed cases (P < 0.01); interstitial pattern and hyperinflation prevailed in the mixed cases (P < 0.01). No child died. AD diagnosis was confirmed on admission by IFA in 17% of cases of RSV-AD and in 43% of cases of single AD ALRI. AD cases diagnosed early by IFA had worse clinical outcome than those diagnosed later by virus isolation (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS AD cases declined since 1989. Mixed RSV-AD infections were not more severe than single AD etiology. AD cases admitted with positive IFA had worse prognoses than AD infections diagnosed later by virus isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Angélica Palomino
- Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medecina Norte, Universidad de Chile, Hospital Roberto del Río, Zañartu 1085, Santiago, Chile.
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Avendaño LF, Palomino MA, Larrañaga C. Surveillance for respiratory syncytial virus in infants hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection in Chile (1989 to 2000). J Clin Microbiol 2004; 41:4879-82. [PMID: 14532249 PMCID: PMC254311 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.10.4879-4882.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hospitalized infants (4,618) were studied for lower respiratory infections from 1989 through 2000 by routine immunofluorescence assay and viral isolation. The hospitalization rate for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) averaged 2% per year. The fatality rate was 0.1%. Monthly RSV detection varied from 14 to 88%, and epidemics lasted 3.5 to 6 months. From 1994 high-early versus low-late epidemic patterns alternately were observed, the first influenced by a group B strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis F Avendaño
- Programa de Virología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Gerber SI, Erdman DD, Pur SL, Diaz PS, Segreti J, Kajon AE, Belkengren RP, Jones RC. Outbreak of adenovirus genome type 7d2 infection in a pediatric chronic-care facility and tertiary-care hospital. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:694-700. [PMID: 11229836 DOI: 10.1086/319210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2000] [Revised: 07/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
An outbreak of adenovirus infection that involved residents of a pediatric chronic-care facility, staff of a tertiary-care hospital, and a nosocomial hospital case was studied. In the pediatric facility, 31 (33%) of 93 residents had adenovirus infection, and 8 died. Risk factors for illness were an age of < 7 years (P = .004), presence of a tracheostomy (P = .015), and residence on a particular floor (P < .001). In the tertiary-care hospital, 36 health care workers had adenovirus infection; 26 (72%) had failed to follow strict contact and droplet precautions, and 30 (83%) continued to care for patients while they had symptoms. A 5-month-old patient with underlying lung disease acquired severe adenovirus infection in this hospital. All isolates were adenovirus type 7 (Ad7). DNA restriction analysis revealed the band patterns of all isolates to be identical and characteristic of the genome type d2. Thus, Ad7d2 caused significant morbidity and mortality in persons in the pediatric chronic-care facility and tertiary-care hospital. This is the first published description of Ad7d2 strains in the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Gerber
- Chicago Department of Public Health, Westside Center for Disease Control, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoviruses are the second most common cause of viral acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) requiring hospitalization in Chile. Little information is available with respect to nosocomial infection rate by adenovirus. This issue is important because of its potential severity and long term sequelae. METHODS Infants hospitalized for ALRI were studied to determine the rate of nosocomial cross-infection with respiratory adenovirus and its corresponding genome type. The group studied included all cases younger than 2 years of age admitted to a seven crib ward in the Roberto del Rio Children's Hospital (Santiago, Chile) between May, 1995, and October, 1996. Nasopharyngeal aspirates for immunofluorescence assay and viral isolation were obtained on admission and the next day. On identification of a positive case for adenovirus, samples were obtained from contacts for 2 consecutive days and twice weekly thereafter for 2 weeks. RESULTS Fifteen index positive cases for adenovirus and their 65 contacts were identified. Secondary attack rate for adenoviral cross-infection was 55%, most of which were diagnosed by viral isolation. Mortality occurred in 4 cases; 3 had underlying diseases. Four secondary cases presented mild respiratory infection after acquiring the cross-infection, and 16 patients developed a moderate and severe ALRI. Twelve patients required supplemental oxygen and 4 needed mechanical respiratory support. Genome types for the 10 index cases and 19 contacts were obtained. All of these corresponded to adenovirus 7h. CONCLUSIONS The high secondary attack rate observed, stresses the importance of adequate isolation of patients and the need for rapid and sensitive viral diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Palomino
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Norte, University of Chile, Hospital Roberto del Río, Santiago.
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Larra�aga C, Kajon A, Villagra E, Avenda�o LF. Adenovirus surveillance on children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infections in Chile (1988-1996). J Med Virol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(200003)60:3<342::aid-jmv14>3.0.co;2-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Díaz PV, Calhoun WJ, Hinton KL, Avendaño LF, Gaggero A, Simon V, Arredondo SM, Pinto R, Díaz A. Differential effects of respiratory syncytial virus and adenovirus on mononuclear cell cytokine responses. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999; 160:1157-64. [PMID: 10508802 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.160.4.9804075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and adenovirus (Advs) serotype 3 (Adv3) and 7h (Adv7h) are associated with mild to severe respiratory infection and are indistinguishable during the acute phases of the illnesses. However, outcome and long-term prognosis are different with both infections. RSV infection is associated with later development of asthma, and Adv, mainly Adv7h, with severe lung damage, bronchiectasis, and hyperlucent lung. We hypothesized that this difference could be partly due to different immune responses induced by these viruses. To test this hypothesis we quantified TCD4+, TCD8+, and BCD19+ expressing the interleukin-2 receptor-alpha chain (CD25) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-10, and IL-4 in the supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from school children infected in vitro with and without RSV, Adv7h, and Adv3 and after phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulation in the presence or absence of these viruses at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1. PBMC from every child produced more IL-10 (p </= 0.05) when infected with RSV than with Advs and noninfected control, and Adv induced more (p </= 0.05) IFN-gamma than did RSV and control. The IL-10/IFN-gamma ratio was significantly higher (p </= 0.05) in RSV-infected and significantly lower (p </= 0.05) in Adv-infected PBMC, than in noninfected cells. PHA-stimulated BCD19+ RSV- infected cells expressed more (p </= 0.05) IL-2R than did Adv-infected cells. These results suggest that Advs induce a Th-1-type immune response that is not seen with RSV. These patterns persist despite intersubject variation in the absolute quantity of cytokine produced.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Díaz
- Programas de Patología y Virología, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Facultad de Medicina y Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Videla C, Carballal G, Kajon A. Genomic analysis of adenovirus isolated from Argentinian children with acute lower respiratory infections. J Clin Virol 1999; 14:67-71. [PMID: 10548132 DOI: 10.1016/s1386-6532(99)00033-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenoviruses are the second cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI) of viral origin in small children from Buenos Aires, Argentina. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize, by restriction enzyme analysis, 17 adenovirus strains isolated from the nasopharyngeal aspirates of children under 2 years of age hospitalized due to ALRI. STUDY DESIGN Seventeen adenovirus strains isolated between May 1991 and December 1992 in one hospital of Buenos Aires were studied. Adenoviruses were amplified in HEp-2 cells and viral DNA was studied with the restriction enzymes Bam HI and Sma I. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Eighty two percent (14/17) of the isolates were classified as adenoviruses from subgenus b and 17.7% (3/17) belonged to subgenus c. Genome type 7 h was detected in 85.7% (12/14) and 7 i in 14.3% (2/14) of the strains from subgenus b. The case lethality associated with adenovirus genome type 7 was 28.6% (4/14 cases). Three fatal cases corresponded to Ad 7 h and one to Ad 7i. Ad 7h shows a high prevalence in small children hospitalized with ALRI and is associated with a high fatality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Videla
- Centro de Educación Médica e Investigaciones Clínicas N. Quirno, Laboratorio de Virología, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kajon AE, Portes SA, de Mello WA, Nascimento JP, Siqueira MM. Genome type analysis of Brazilian adenovirus strains of serotypes 1,2,3,5, and 7 collected between 1976 and 1995. J Med Virol 1999; 58:408-12. [PMID: 10421409 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199908)58:4<408::aid-jmv14>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A collection of 92 epidemiologically unrelated isolates of Ad1 (n = 14), Ad2 (n = 29), Ad3 (n = 19), Ad5 (n = 16), and Ad7 (n = 14) collected in the cities of Belem do Pará (1 degree S 48 degrees W) and Rio de Janeiro (23 degrees S 43 degrees W) between 1976 and 1995 from patients with respiratory disease and conjunctivitis were characterized by restriction enzyme analysis of genomic DNA. Among the strains of subgenus B, two different genome types of serotype 7, 7b and 7e, were identified. The analysis of their temporal distribution throughout the study period suggested an alternating appearance of these two DNA variants. Only one genome type of Ad3, 3p, was detected during the sampling period. Further analysis with Xba I, Bcl I, and Hpa I indicated that it is a p1-like genome type. Both previously described and new genomic variants were identified among subgenus C strains. Genome types D1, D7, D10, and one not previously described were identified among the 14 Ad1 strains analyzed. Genome types D2, D5, D25, and 13 new DNA variants were identified among the 29 Ad2 isolates. Genome type D38 and 5 new variants were found among the 16 strains of Ad5. In spite of the relatively small size of the sample analyzed, the results of this study confirm the important genetic variability previously observed for members of subgenus C by other authors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Kajon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Moraes MT, Leite JP, Siqueira MM, Portes SA, Krawczuk MM, Nascimento JP. Genomic characterization of adenovirus serotype 7 isolated in Brazil from acute respiratory disease patients during the period from 1980 to 1991. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 1997; 39:185-9. [PMID: 9640779 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46651997000400001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Forty isolates of adenovirus type 7 were analized by restriction enzyme digestion with BamHI, SmaI, EcoRI and HindIII. These isolates were obtained from acute respiratory disease patients during the years 1980 to 1991. Only two genomic types were found: Ad7b and Ad7e, with Ad7b (87.5%) being more frequent than Ad7e (12.5%). The genomic type Ad7e appeared in the years 1980, 1981 and 1983. Ad7b appeared in 1982 and it was the only genomic type found from 1984 to 1991. Both genomic types were responsible for lower (LRTI) and upper (URTI) respiratory tract infection, but the proportion LRTI/URTI is higher for Ad7b (25/6) than for Ad7e (1/4).
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Moraes
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
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Kajon AE, Mistchenko AS, Videla C, Hortal M, Wadell G, Avendaño LF. Molecular epidemiology of adenovirus acute lower respiratory infections of children in the south cone of South America (1991-1994). J Med Virol 1996; 48:151-6. [PMID: 8835348 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-9071(199602)48:2<151::aid-jmv6>3.0.co;2-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A collection of 165 adenovirus strains isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirates of children hospitalized for acute lower respiratory infection in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay between 1991 and 1994 was studied by restriction enzyme analysis (work performed in the Department of Virology, University of Umeå). Of the isolates, 71% (n = 117) were identified as members of subgenus B. Of these, 101 (61.2%) corresponded to genome type 7h, four (2.4%) to genome type 3p2, four (2.4%) to genome type 11a, one (0.6%) to genome type 7b, and one (0.6%) to genome type 7c. Two isolates that were neutralized as serotype 3 and four isolates that were neutralized as serotype 7 exhibited novel BamHI cleavage profiles corresponding to three new genome types denominated 3x, 7i, and 7j. Subgenus C members represented 28.5% of all typed isolates. Five different genome types of Ad1, seven genome types of Ad2, and three genome types of Ad5 were identified of, which two, two, and one, respectively, were found to correspond to new DNA variants. Only one isolate (0.6%) corresponded to Ad4 of subgenus E. Ad7h was isolated from 17 of the 18 fatal cases recorded among the patients included in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Kajon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Kajon A, Wadell G. Genome analysis of South American adenovirus strains of serotype 7 collected over a 7-year period. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32:2321-3. [PMID: 7814570 PMCID: PMC263996 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.32.9.2321-2323.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA restriction analysis was carried out on a sample of 212 epidemiologically unrelated adenovirus (Ad) strains of serotype 7 isolated in Chile, Uruguay, and Argentina from nasopharyngeal aspirates of children with acute lower respiratory disease between 1984 and 1990. The identified genome types were Ad7b (n = 12), Ad7c (n = 21), and Ad7h (n = 179). The analysis of the occurrence of the three genome types throughout the study period revealed that Ad7c was the predominant virulent variant in 1984 and indicated that a shift to genome type 7h took place in 1986. Ad7b cocirculated with the other genomic variants at a relatively low frequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kajon
- Department of Virology, University of Umeå, Sweden
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Kajon AE, Suárez MV, Avendaño LF, Hortal M, Wadell G. Genome type analysis of South American adenoviruses of subgenus C collected over a 7-year period. Arch Virol 1993; 132:29-35. [PMID: 8394690 DOI: 10.1007/bf01309841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A collection of 148 adenovirus strains of subgenus C collected in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay were studied by restriction enzyme analysis of genomic DNA with endonucleases BamHI, BglII, BstEII, EcoRI, HindIII, KpnI, and SmaI. Only strains corresponding to serotypes 1, 2, and 5 were identified representing both already described and new genome types. The most frequently detected type was Ad 2 followed by Ad 1 and Ad 5. Three different genomic variants of both Ad 1 and Ad 5 were discriminated. Ad 2 with 9 genome types exhibited the greatest variability. Novel profiles emerged only in strains corresponding to this serotype by restriction with BglII and BstEII. The circulation of prototype-like strains of Ad 1 throughout the study period is note-worthy. Thirty-six of 43 strains corresponded to genome type D 1. Clearly, one genome type of each serotype predominated over the 7-year period (Ad 1 D 1, n = 36; Ad 2 D 5, n = 32, Ad 5 D 36, n = 17). Some genomic variants were detected sporadically and only in Argentina, Chile, or Uruguay whereas others were widely distributed and circulated for years. A high proportion of the analysed strains was isolated from children under one year and males were more frequently infected than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Kajon
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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