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Ghoma Linguissi LS, Sagna T, Soubeiga ST, Gwom LC, Nkenfou CN, Obiri-Yeboah D, Ouattara AK, Pietra V, Simpore J. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) of HIV: a review of the achievements and challenges in Burkina-Faso. HIV AIDS (Auckl) 2019; 11:165-177. [PMID: 31440104 PMCID: PMC6664853 DOI: 10.2147/hiv.s204661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Burkina-Faso's HIV/AIDS program is one of the most successful in Africa, with a declining HIV prevalence and treatment outcomes that rival those of developed countries. Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) guidelines in Burkina-Faso, initiated in the year 2000, were revised in 2004, 2006 and 2010. The guideline document has since undergone several stages of improvement, largely based on recommendations from WHO, with adaptations by local experts in the field. Option B+ adopted since August 2014 in Burkina-Faso has enabled maintenance of mothers on longer treatment and increasing their survival and that of their children. Through this review, we describe the achievements and challenges of HIV PMTCT programs in Burkina-Faso. AIMS OF STUDY This study had the following objectives: 1) describing the historical perspective of PMTCT implementation in Burkina-Faso; 2) presenting the effectiveness of interventions at improving PMTCT service delivery and promoting retention of mothers and babies in care; and 3) determining the impact of male partner involvement on PMTCT in Burkina-Faso. METHODOLOGY A literature search was conducted in PubMed and Google. Search terms included the following keywords: "HIV testing"; "prevention"; "mother"; "child"; "male partner"; "counseling"; "involvement"; "participation"; and the grouped terms "PMTCT and partners"; "VCT"; "barriers and/or factors"; "Male involvement in PMTCT"; and "Burkina-Faso". Data collection took place from May to October 2015. The search was limited to articles published between January 2002 and December 2015. UNICEF and UNAIDS web sites were also used to find relevant abstracts and documents. RESULTS Studies have revealed that with PMTCT, HIV transmission rate moved from 10.4% in 2006 to 0% in 2015. The PMTCT program remains the best way to care for HIV-infected pregnant women and their babies. The current PMTCT policy is based on evidence that male partner involvement is associated with women's completion of PMTCT. CONCLUSION This study shows that the reduction in mother to child transmission of HIV in Burkina-Faso over the years is mainly due to the improvement of PMTCT programs. Efforts still need to be made about the involvement of male partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Stella Ghoma Linguissi
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Institut National de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSSA), Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Tani Sagna
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Serge Théophile Soubeiga
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Luc Christian Gwom
- “Chantal Biya” International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/Aids Prevention and Management (CBIRC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Céline Nguefeu Nkenfou
- “Chantal Biya” International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/Aids Prevention and Management (CBIRC), Yaoundé, Cameroon
- Higher Teachers’ Training College, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Abdoul Karim Ouattara
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Virginio Pietra
- Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique, Université Ouaga I Pr Joseph Ki-Zerbo, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoleculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Soubeiga ST, Bazie BVJTE, Compaore TR, Ouattara AK, Zohoncon TM, Obiri-Yeboah D, Yonli AT, Zongo A, Traore L, Pietra V, Akpona S, Diagbouga S, Simpore J. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance in a subset of mothers and their infants receiving antiretroviral treatment in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. J Public Health Afr 2018; 9:767. [PMID: 30079168 PMCID: PMC6057714 DOI: 10.4081/jphia.2018.767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of HIV-1 drug resistance (HIVDR) is a public health problem that affects women and children. Local data of HIVDR is critical to improving their care and treatment. So, we investigated HIVDR in mothers and infants receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at Saint Camille Hospital of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. This study included 50 mothers and 50 infants on ART. CD4 and HIV-1 viral load were determined using FACSCount and Abbott m2000rt respectively. HIVDR was determined in patients with virologic failure using ViroSeq HIV-1 Genotyping System kit on the 3130 Genetic Analyzer. The median age was 37.28 years in mothers and 1.58 year in infants. Sequencing of samples showed subtypes CRF02_AG (55.56%), CRF06_cpx (33.33%) and G (11.11%). M184V was the most frequent and was associated with highlevel resistance to 3TC, FTC, and ABC. Other mutations such as T215F/Y, D67N/E, K70R, and K219Q were associated with intermediate resistance to TDF, AZT, and 3TC. No mutation to LPV/r was detected among mothers and infants. The findings of HIVDR in some mothers and infants suggested the change of treatment for these persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge Théophile Soubeiga
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre, LABIOGENE, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph, Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Tegwindé Rebeca Compaore
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre, LABIOGENE, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph, Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoul Karim Ouattara
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre, LABIOGENE, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph, Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
| | - Théodora Mahoukèdè Zohoncon
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre, LABIOGENE, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph, Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
| | - Dorcas Obiri-Yeboah
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Albert Théophane Yonli
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre, LABIOGENE, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph, Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
| | - Arsène Zongo
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre, LABIOGENE, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph, Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassina Traore
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre, LABIOGENE, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph, Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
| | - Virginio Pietra
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre, LABIOGENE, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph, Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
| | | | - Serge Diagbouga
- Research Institute for Health Sciences, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Pietro Annigoni Biomolecular Research Centre, LABIOGENE, University Ouaga I Prof. Joseph, Ki-Zerbo, Burkina Faso
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Sanou M, Soubeiga ST, Bationo F, Compaore TR, Zohoncon TM, Diatto GN, Ouedraogo P, Pietra V, Nagalo BM, Bisseye C, Traore RO, Simpore J. A decade of follow-up and therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV-2 immunocompromised patients at St Camille and General Lamizana Military Medical Centers, Burkina Faso, West Africa. Pak J Biol Sci 2015; 17:1219-24. [PMID: 26027168 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2014.1219.1224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Although, HIV-2 is generally less pathogenic than HIV-1 and its progression towards AIDS occurs less frequently. HIV-2 remains an important cause of disease in West Africa. This study aimed to evaluate HIV-1 and HIV-2 prevalence among pregnant women and to describe the demographic and clinical profile of patients with HIV-2 infection from 2003-2013 at St Camille and General Lamizana Military Medical Centers. A retrospective investigation was conducted using 12,287 medical records from patients screened for HIV. To respond to the lack of data available regarding HIV-2 treatment and also to address the approach to clinical, biological as well as therapeutic monitoring, 62 HIV-2 infected patients' medical records were studied. Seroprevalence of 10.6 and 0.14% were obtained, respectively for HIV-1 and HIV-2 among 12,287 women screened during the study period. From the sixty two (62) HIV-2 patients, the average age was 49.2 years (sex ratio was 0.65). The weight loss and diarrhea were the major clinical manifestations observed, respectively 54.8 and 25.8%. Fungi and herpes zoster (shingles) infections were reported as major opportunistic infections. Also, nearly half of the patients had more than 60 kg, less than 2% were in WHO stage IV and about 2/3 had a CD4 count bellow 250 cells mm(-3). AZT-3TC-IDV/LPV/R was the most prescribed combination. The gain in weight gain the Body Mass Index (BMI) improvement and the non-significant increase of the rate of CD4 between 1st (M1) and 24th month (M24) were observed after treatment with antiviral.
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Soubeiga ST, Compaore R, Djigma F, Zagre N, Assengone E, Traore L, Diarra B, Bisseye C, Ouermi D, Sagna T, Karou S, Pietra V, Simpore J. [Evaluation of antiretroviral therapy on mother to child transmission HIV in HIV-1 positive pregnant women: case of St. Camillus Medical Center in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso]. Pan Afr Med J 2015; 20:399. [PMID: 26301003 PMCID: PMC4524915 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2015.20.399.5627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Serge Theophile Soubeiga
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Rebecca Compaore
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia Djigma
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Nicaise Zagre
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Elsa Assengone
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Lassina Traore
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Birama Diarra
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Cyrille Bisseye
- Département de Biologie, Faculté des Sciences Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM) BP 934, Franceville, Gabon
| | - Djeneba Ouermi
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Tani Sagna
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Simplice Karou
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso ; Ecole Supérieure des Techniques Biologiques et Alimentaires (ESTBA-UL), Université de Lomé, Togo
| | - Virginio Pietra
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA), Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Sagna T, Bisseye C, Compaore TR, Kagone TS, Djigma FW, Ouermi D, Pirkle CM, Zeba MTA, Bazie VJT, Douamba Z, Moret R, Pietra V, Koama A, Gnoula C, Sia JD, Nikiema JB, Simpore J. Prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission in Burkina Faso: evaluation of vertical transmission by PCR, molecular characterization of subtypes and determination of antiretroviral drugs resistance. Glob Health Action 2015; 8:26065. [PMID: 25630709 PMCID: PMC4309832 DOI: 10.3402/gha.v8.26065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vertical human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission is a public health problem in Burkina Faso. The main objective of this study on the prevention of mother-to-child HIV-1 transmission was to determine the residual risk of HIV transmission in infants born to mothers receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Moreover, we detect HIV antiretroviral (ARV) drug resistance among mother–infant pairs and identify subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRF) in Burkina Faso. Design In this study, 3,215 samples of pregnant women were analyzed for HIV using rapid tests. Vertical transmission was estimated by polymerase chain reaction in 6-month-old infants born to women who tested HIV positive. HIV-1 resistance to ARV, subtypes, and CRFs was determined through ViroSeq kit using the ABI PRISM 3,130 sequencer. Results In this study, 12.26% (394/3,215) of the pregnant women were diagnosed HIV positive. There was 0.52% (2/388) overall vertical transmission of HIV, with rates of 1.75% (2/114) among mothers under prophylaxis and 0.00% (0/274) for those under HAART. Genetic mutations were also isolated that induce resistance to ARV such as M184V, Y115F, K103N, Y181C, V179E, and G190A. There were subtypes and CRF of HIV-1 present, the most common being: CRF06_CPX (58.8%), CRF02_AG (35.3%), and subtype G (5.9%). Conclusions ARV drugs reduce the residual rate of HIV vertical transmission. However, the virus has developed resistance to ARV, which could limit future therapeutic options when treatment is needed. Resistance to ARV therefore requires a permanent interaction between researchers, physicians, and pharmacists, to strengthen the network of monitoring and surveillance of drug resistance in Burkina Faso.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tani Sagna
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Institute of Research in Health Sciences, IRSS, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso;
| | - Cyrille Bisseye
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Sciences and Techniques of Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
| | - Tegewende R Compaore
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Therese S Kagone
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Florencia W Djigma
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Djeneba Ouermi
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Catherine M Pirkle
- Population Health and Optimal Health Practices Research Unit, CHU de Québec Research Centre, Quebec, Canada
| | - Moctar T A Zeba
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Valerie J T Bazie
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Zoenabo Douamba
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Remy Moret
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | | | - Adjirita Koama
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Charlemagne Gnoula
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Joseph D Sia
- Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Jean-Baptiste Nikiema
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa
| | - Jacques Simpore
- Biomolecular Research Centre Pietro Annigoni (CERBA/LABIOGENE), University of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, West Africa; Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Linguissi LSG, Bisseye C, Sagna T, Nagalo BM, Ouermi D, Djigma FW, Pignatelli S, Sia JD, Pietra V, Moret R, Nikiema JB, Simpore J. Efficiency of HAART in the prevention of mother to children HIV-1 transmission at Saint Camille medical centre in Burkina Faso, West Africa. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2013. [PMID: 23199720 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(12)60188-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate efficiency of HAART in the prevention of mother to child HIV transmission. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted on 1 300 women attending the antenatal service at Saint Camille Medical Centre from September 2010 to July 2011. The HIV status of mothers was determined by rapid tests and ELISA. Discordant results were confirmed by real-time PCR. PCR was used to determine HIV status of children born from HIV-positive mothers. RESULTS Among 1 300 pregnant women tested for HIV, 378 were seropositive. Mothers were predominantly housewives (69.7%), and their mean age was (28.32±0.15) years. The overall prevalence of HIV transmission from mother to child was 4.8% (18/378). This prevalence differed significantly from 0.0% (0/114) to 6.8% (18/264) in children born from mothers under HAART and those with mothers under New Prophylactic Protocol (AZT + 3TC + NVP), respectively (P< 0.01). Children's mortality rate during the medical follow up was 1.3% (5/378). Among 16 women with HIV dubious status by ELISA, the Real Time PCR confirmed 2/16 (12.5%) as HIV positive. CONCLUSIONS The protocol of prevention of mother to children HIV transmission (PMTCT) is effective. The rate of HIV vertical transmission is significantly reduced. Early diagnosis determined by PCR of children born from HIV-positive mother is necessary and recommended in the context of PMTCT in Burkina Faso. We also found that PCR is an effective tool to confirm HIV status in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Stella Ghoma Linguissi
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni (CERBA)/LABIOGENE, UFR/SVT, Université de Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Zeba MTA, Karou SD, Sagna T, Djigma F, Bisseye C, Ouermi D, Pietra V, Pignatelli S, Gnoula C, Sia JD, Moret R, Nikiema JB, Simpore J. HCV prevalence and co-infection with HIV among pregnant women in Saint Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou. Trop Med Int Health 2011; 16:1392-6. [PMID: 21762293 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2011.02845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine hepatitis C virus (HCV) prevalence and the rate of HCV/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection in pregnant women attending Saint Camille medical centre (SCMC) in Ouagadougou. METHODS A total of 607 pregnant women, 16-45 years old, with <32 weeks amenorrhoea were screened for HCV and HIV using rapid tests. The majority of the women included in the study were previously known as HIV infected, as the centre is a reference centre for the programme of prevention against mother-to-child HIV transmission in the country. HCV RNA was extracted and quantified using the cDNA polymerase chain reaction with the nested primers at the 5' untranslated region. Transaminases were measured from plasma samples using spectrophotometric method. RESULTS Of women, 62.27% were infected with HIV. The prevalence of HCV was 2.14% in the screened pregnant women: 1.75% in HIV-negative women and 2.38% in HIV-positive ones. This prevalence is not significantly different between HIV-positive and HIV-negative pregnant women (P = 0.81). HCV RNA was found in all women with anti-HCV. A significant transaminase increase was noted in women infected with HCV (P = 0.01 and P < 0.01 for glutamic-pyruvic transaminase and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, respectively). Risk factors significantly associated with HCV positivity in pregnant women included transfusion and genital excision. In addition, the infection was linked with the educational level of the women. CONCLUSION The issue of this study revealed that effort should be made to promote safe medical practices and fight against women genital excision that are found to be the main risk factors associated with the HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moctar T A Zeba
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire, Pietro Annigoni, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Djigma FW, Ouédraogo C, Karou DS, Sagna T, Bisseye C, Zeba M, Ouermi D, Gnoula C, Pietra V, Ghilat-Avoid-Belem NW, Sanogo K, Sempore J, Pignatelli S, Ferri AM, Nikiema JB, Simpore J. Prevalence and genotype characterization of human papillomaviruses among HIV-seropositive in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Acta Trop 2011; 117:202-6. [PMID: 21167118 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Revised: 12/06/2010] [Accepted: 12/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately, 15-20 of 40 HPVs that infect the female genital tract confer a high-risk of invasive cancer, thus HPVs account for 95% of cervix cancers. The objectives of this study were to: (i) estimate the prevalence of HPV infection in women infected with HIV in Ouagadougou, (ii) identify potential carcinogenic HPV strains and (iii) determine whether existing HPV vaccines match the isolated strains. METHODS From May 2009 to April 2010, 250 HIV-infected women were included in this study. Each woman was screened for the presence of HPV and for HPV genotype using PCR/hybridization technique. RESULTS Of the 250 HIV-infected women, 59.6% were infected with at least one type of HPV. High-risk HPVs were identified with the following prevalence: HPV-18 (25.0%); HPV-50'S (25.5%); HPV-30'S (20.8%); HPV-16 (4.7%); HPV-45 (3.7%). Low-risk HPVs were represented by HPV-6 (5.7%) and HPV-11 (0.9%). CONCLUSION The issue of the study showed that the existing vaccines: Gardasil and Cervarix may be used in the country although they match only HPV-16, HPV-18, HPV-6 and HPV-11. Further investigations should be continued for the establishment of vaccine that matches all genotypes circulating in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Djigma
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Pietro Annigoni, CERBA/LABIOGENE, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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Kouanda S, Tougri H, Cissé M, Simporé J, Pietra V, Doulougou B, Ouédraogo G, Ouédraogo CM, Soudré R, Sondo B. Impact of maternal HAART on the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV: results of an 18-month follow-up study in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. AIDS Care 2010; 22:843-50. [DOI: 10.1080/09540120903499204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seni Kouanda
- a Public health , IRSS , Rue 29.09 porte 35, Ouagadougou , 03 BP 7192 , Burkina Faso
| | - Halima Tougri
- a Public health , IRSS , Rue 29.09 porte 35, Ouagadougou , 03 BP 7192 , Burkina Faso
| | | | | | | | - Boukaré Doulougou
- a Public health , IRSS , Rue 29.09 porte 35, Ouagadougou , 03 BP 7192 , Burkina Faso
| | - Gautier Ouédraogo
- a Public health , IRSS , Rue 29.09 porte 35, Ouagadougou , 03 BP 7192 , Burkina Faso
| | | | - Robert Soudré
- e UFR/SDS , Université de Ouagadougou , Ouagadougou , Burkina Faso
| | - Blaise Sondo
- a Public health , IRSS , Rue 29.09 porte 35, Ouagadougou , 03 BP 7192 , Burkina Faso
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Ilboudo D, Simpore J, Sanou DS, Karou D, Sia DJ, Ouermi D, Bisseye C, Sagna T, Odolini S, Buelli F, Pietra V, Pignatelli S, Gnoula C, Nikiema JB, Castelli F. Mother-to-child HIV and HHV-8 transmission in neonates at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Burkina Faso. Pak J Biol Sci 2009; 12:908-13. [PMID: 19777784 DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2009.908.913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
In Sub-Saharan Africa, many HIV infected people are co-infected with Human Herpes Virus 8 (HHV-8). Therefore, the present study aimed to: (1) identify the pregnant women co-infected by HIV and HHV-8 at Saint Camille Medical Centre; (2) use three molecules (Zidovudine, Nevirapine and Lamivudine) to interrupt the vertical transmission of HIV and (3) use the PCR technique to diagnose children, who were infected by these viruses, in order to offer them an early medical assistance. A total of 107 pregnant women, aged from 19 to 42 years were diagnosed to be HIV positive at Saint Camille Centre; among them 13 were co-infected with HHV-8. All included women received the HAART. Two to six months after childbirth their babies underwent PCR diagnosis for HIV and HHV-8. The results revealed that, among these mothers, 68.2% were housewives, 34.6% were illiterates and 60.7% did not have university degree. The prevalence of HHV-8 among these pregnant women was 12.15% and the rate of vertical transmission of both HIV and HHV-8, was 0.0%. The issue of this study revealed that the antiretroviral therapy increased the mother CD4 T-cells, prevented the transcription of the mRNA of HHV-8 and blocked HIV vertical transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Ilboudo
- University of Ouagadougou, 07 BP 5252 Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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11
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Musiime V, Ssali F, Kayiwa J, Namala W, Kizito H, Kityo C, Mugyenyi P. Response to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based therapy in HIV-infected children with perinatal exposure to single-dose nevirapine. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2009; 25:989-96. [PMID: 19778270 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2009.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We set out to investigate whether there are clinically significant consequences when children with perinatal exposure to single-dose nevirapine are initiated on a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) containing a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) regimen. We carried out a chart and database review of 104 HIV-infected children, who had initiated HAART with an NNRTI at JCRC and were less than or equal to 5 years of age, 35 (33.7%) of whom had prior exposure to perinatal single-dose nevirapine. We studied the viral load and CD4 percentage at baseline, at week 24, and at week 48 after the start of HAART in children exposed and not exposed to perinatal single-dose nevirapine, as well as the results of genotypic resistance testing done for the children who had failed to achieve virologic suppression on HAART. At weeks 24 and 48 after initiating HAART, children not exposed to single-dose nevirapine were 3.28 times [OR = 3.28, 95% CI: (1.37 to 9.20), p = 0.0167] and 3.47 times [OR = 3.47, 95% CI: (1.28 to 9.37), p = 0.0091] more likely to achieve virologic suppression compared to children exposed to single-dose nevirapine, respectively. However, the CD4 cell response at weeks 24 and 48 was not worse in the children exposed to single-dose nevirapine. In 10 children with perinatal exposure to single-dose nevirapine, NNRTI resistance mutations, mostly K103N, Y181C, and G109A, were identified. HIV-infected children with perinatal exposure to single-dose nevirapine are less likely to achieve short-term virologic suppression when started on an NNRTI-containing regimen, when compared to those who were not exposed to it, probably because the exposure predisposes them to developing NNRTI resistance mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Musiime
- Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC), Butikiro House, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Francis Ssali
- Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC), Butikiro House, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joshua Kayiwa
- Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC), Butikiro House, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Winnie Namala
- Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC), Butikiro House, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Hilda Kizito
- Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC), Butikiro House, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Cissy Kityo
- Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC), Butikiro House, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Mugyenyi
- Joint Clinical Research Centre (JCRC), Butikiro House, Kampala, Uganda
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12
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Breast milk as the "water that supports and preserves life"--socio-cultural constructions of breastfeeding and their implications for the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in sub-Saharan Africa. Health Policy 2008; 89:322-8. [PMID: 18676049 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2008.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2007] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Complementary breastfeeding represents an important source of risk of HIV infection for infants born to HIV positive mothers. The World Health Organisation recommends that infants born to HIV positive mothers receive either replacement feeding or exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) followed by early weaning. Beyond the clinical and epidemiological debate, it remains unclear how acceptable and feasible the two options are for rural populations in sub-Saharan Africa. This qualitative study aims to fill this gap in knowledge by exploring both the socio-cultural construction and the practice of breastfeeding in the Nouna Health District, rural Burkina Faso. METHODS Information was collected through 32 individual interviews and 3 focus group discussions with women of all ages, and 6 interviews with local guérisseurs. RESULTS The findings highlight that breastfeeding is perceived as central to motherhood, but that women practice complementary, rather than exclusive, breastfeeding. The findings also indicate that women recognise both the nutritional value of breast milk and its potential to act as a source of disease transmission. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that given the socio-cultural importance attributed to breastfeeding and the prevailing poverty, it may be more acceptable and more feasible to promote EBF followed by early weaning than replacement feeding. A set of operational strategies are proposed to favour the prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV in the respect of the local socio-cultural setting.
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13
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Simpore J, Pietra V, Pignatelli S, Karou D, Nadembega WMC, Ilboudo D, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Ghilat-Avoid-Belem WN, Bellocchi MC, Saleri N, Sanou MJ, Ouedraogo CM, Nikiema JB, Colizzi V, Perno CP, Castelli F, Musumeci S. Effective program against mother-to-child transmission of HIV at Saint Camille Medical Centre in Burkina Faso. J Med Virol 2007; 79:873-9. [PMID: 17516517 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present research was aimed to prevent mother-to-child transmission of HIV; to use RT-PCR in order to detect, 6 months after birth, infected children; and to test the antiretroviral resistance of both children and mothers in order to offer them a suitable therapy. At the Saint Camille Medical Centre, 3,127 pregnant women (aged 15-44 years) accepted to be enrolled in the mother-to-child transmission prevention protocol that envisages: (i) Voluntary Counselling and Testing for all the pregnant women; (ii) Antiretroviral therapy for HIV positive pregnant women and for their newborns; (iii) either powdered milk feeding or short breast-feeding and RT-PCR test for their children; (iv) finally, pol gene sequencing and antiretroviral resistance identifications among HIV positive mothers and children. Among the patients, 227/3,127 HIV seropositive women were found: 221/227 HIV-1, 4/227 HIV-2, and 2/227 mixed HIV infections. The RT-PCR test allowed the detection of 3/213 (1.4%) HIV infected children: 0/109 (0%) from mothers under ARV therapy and 3/104 (2.8%) from mothers treated with Nevirapine. All children had recombinant HIV-1 strain (CRF06_CPX) with: minor PR mutations (M36I, K20I) and RT mutations (R211K). Among them, two twins had Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor mutation (Y18CY). Both mothers acquired a major PR mutation (V8IV), investigated 6 months after a single-dose of Nevirapine. Prevention by single-dose of Nevirapine reduced significantly mother-to-child transmission of HIV, but caused many mutations and resistance to antiretroviral drugs. Based on present study the antiretroviral therapy protocol, together with the artificial-feeding, might represent the ideal strategy to avoid transmission of HIV from mother-to-child.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Simpore
- Camille Medical Centre, Ouagadougou, Solidarity Reception Centre of Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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14
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Nadembega WM, Giannella S, Simpore J, Ceccherini-Silberstein F, Pietra V, Bertoli A, Pignatelli S, Bellocchi MC, Nikiema JB, Cappelli G, Bere A, Colizzi V, Perno CP, Musumeci S. Characterization of drug-resistance mutations in HIV-1 isolates from non-HAART and HAART treated patients in Burkina Faso. J Med Virol 2006; 78:1385-91. [PMID: 16998878 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-B HIV subtypes have been estimated to account for 88% of HIV infections in the world. These subtypes are particularly relevant in view of the availability of antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, since subtype-specific mutations are associated with drug-resistance in developing countries. Therefore, the pol gene sequences in HIV-1 isolates were examined from the three distinct groups of 39 infected patients from Ouagadougou in Burkina Faso: 17 patients who had not received any antiretroviral therapy (ART); 16 patients received ART, and 6 HIV-infected children, from infected mothers, received a single Nevirapine dose prophylaxis during birth. HIV-1 pol sequencing was successful for 29 samples. As expected, all patients presented the common (non-B subtype) M36I polymorphism and 26/29 (90%) the K20I mutation. Phylogenetic studies showed high predominance of recombinant HIV-1 strains: CRF06_cpx 16/29 (55.17%), CRF02_AG 9/29 (31.03%), A1 2/29 (6.89%), G 1/29 (3.44%), and CRF09_cpx 1/29 (3.44%). Two twins showed, 6 months after birth, a NNRTI-mutation (Y181C/Y). During the same period, the twin mother presented a different NNRTI-mutation (V106I), thus suggesting that the different blood drug concentration may determine a different drug-resistance pathway. Among 17 non-highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) patients, 3/17 (17.64%) presented virus with reverse transcriptase (RT) mutations [V118I: 1/17 patients (5.88%), V179E: 2/17 patients (11.76%)]. 10/17 (58.82%) presented virus with minor protease (PR) mutations [L63P: 5/17 patients (29.41%), V77I: 3/17 patients (17.64%), L10I: 2/17 patients (11.76%)]. 4/17 patients did not show any PR and RT mutations (23.52%). Among six HAART-treated patients, 6/6 and 3/6 had M36I and L63LP protease minor subtypes, respectively; and only two (33.33%) presented virus with K103N mutation. The low prevalence of drug-resistant associated mutations in Burkina Faso is encouraging. However, further studies with a larger cohort with a high non-B subtype prevalence are necessary to optimize ART in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Nadembega
- Centre Médical Saint Camille de Ouagadougou, Centre d'Accueil et de Solidarité de Ouagadougou, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
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15
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Latora V, Nyamba A, Simpore J, Sylvette B, Diane S, Sylvére B, Musumeci S. Network of sexual contacts and sexually transmitted HIV infection in Burkina Faso. J Med Virol 2006; 78:724-9. [PMID: 16628573 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.20614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two thirds of the people who have been infected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the world live in Sub-Saharan African countries. The results of a study measuring the degree distribution of the network of sexual contacts in Burkina Faso are described. Such a network is responsible for the spread of sexually transmitted diseases, and in particular of HIV. It has been found that the number of different sexual partners reported by males is a power law distribution with an exponent gamma = 2.9 (0.1). This is consistent with the degree distribution of scale-free networks. On the other hand, the females can be divided into two groups: the prostitutes with an average of 400 different partners per year, and females with a stable partner, having a rapidly decreasing degree distribution. Such a result may have important implications on the control of sexually transmitted diseases and in particular of HIV. Since scale-free networks have no epidemic threshold, a campaign based on prevention and anti-viral treatment of few highly connected nodes can be more successful than any policy based on enlarged but random distribution of the available anti-viral treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vito Latora
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Catania and INFN-Catania, Catania, Italy
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