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Deng X, Li L, Cai X, Lin Y, Lan Y. Evaluation of the performance of a novel HIV-1 viral load assay for HIV quantification in China. HIV Med 2023. [PMID: 36843437 DOI: 10.1111/hiv.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our objective was to assess the HIV-1 quantification performance of the Livzon HIV-1 viral load (VL) assay and the Roche Cobas HIV-1 assay to evaluate an HIV-1 VL testing reagent for application in China. METHOD We compared the Livzon and Roche Cobas HIV-1 VL assays using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid plasma samples collected between May 2021 and November 2021 from patients with HIV-1 and healthy controls. We used Cohen's κ coefficient to measure agreement of qualitative values and Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) values and the coefficient of determination (R2 ) to determine the linear relationship between the two assays. We performed a Bland-Altman analysis to assess VL quantification agreement. RESULTS In total, 11 plasma samples from patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) and nine samples from healthy controls were undetectable on both assays. Overall agreement was seen in 419 of 500 specimens (91.40%), with a κ value of 0.59. Pearson's correlation coefficient between the two assays was 0.970. Using the Bland-Altman method, 95.14% (352/370) of paired VLs fell within the 95% confidence limits of agreement (-0.51 to 0.95 log10 copies/mL). Higher VLs had a better correlation and a smaller mean difference between the two assays. Pearson's correlation coefficient for the samples of subtype CRF01_AE, CRF07_BC, and CRF55_01B was 0.950, 0.935, and 0.952, respectively. CONCLUSION The Livzon HIV-1 VL assay exhibits good precision and linearity and a high correlation with the Roche Cobas HIV-1 assay. The Livzon HIV-1 VL assay has salient advantages in terms of the lyophilized powder reagent, which gives the assay greater stability and sensitivity and can be readily used in low-resource areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xizi Deng
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liya Li
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaqing Lin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yun Lan
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Hou Z, Jiang Y, Zhang L, Tu A, Liu T, Du X, Dai C, Xu Y, Qiao R, Tan J. Characterization and Recombinant Genotypes of HIV-1 in Gansu Province, China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2021; 37:946-953. [PMID: 34107769 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2021.0008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is important to monitor the diversity and evolution of HIV-1 genotypes, especially in some remote and undeveloped regions in China where the diversity and distribution of HIV-1 genotypes are not fully clear. To investigate the genotypes and distribution of HIV-1 in far Northwestern Gansu Province of China, we selected 220 HIV-1-positive plasma samples from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Gansu from January 2016 to December 2018. The viral load of inclusion samples were over 1,000 copies per milliliter. The gag, pol, and env gene of HIV-1 were amplified by nested reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction kit, sequenced, and then identified genotypes using HIV-BLAST tool and the neighbor-joining method. One hundred fifty of 220 inclusion samples were successfully determined HIV-1 genotypes. Our results show that circulating recombinant forms (CRF) 07_BC and CRF01_AE are predominant and accounted for 46.7% and 28.0%, respectively. Other HIV-1 subtypes and genotypes included B/B' (6.0%), CRF08_BC (4.0%), and C (1.3%). In addition, we reported CRF65_cpx and CRF55_01B subtypes in Gansu for the first time. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the sequences of different samples are scattered in different genotype groups, and no obvious aggregation occurs. Our results indicate the genetic variety and complexity of HIV-1 and provide critical information for HIV/AIDS control and prevention in Gansu Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongjie Hou
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Lincai Zhang
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Aixia Tu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Geriatrics, the First School of Clinical Medicine, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiufen Du
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Chen Dai
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yaning Xu
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruijuan Qiao
- Gansu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiying Tan
- Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Evidence Based Medicine and Clinical Translation and Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
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Liu L, Deng R, Lan Y, Li L, Li M, Su B, Gnanashanmugam D, Tang YW, Wu H, Wang J, Cai X, Zhang T. Multicenter evaluation of Xpert HIV-1 viral load assay for HIV quantification in China. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3295-3300. [PMID: 32652607 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New approaches to increase HIV-1 testing and HIV-1 viral load (VL) monitoring are needed for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in China. The Xpert HIV-1 VL assay was prequalified by the World Health Organization in 2017 but has not been evaluated in China. A multicenter evaluation was conducted to assess the accuracy of the Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 VL assay compared to the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay in China. Overall agreement was seen in 558 of 562 specimens (99.29%) with a κ value of 0.962. Pearson's coefficient between the two assays was 0.943. Analyzed by the Bland-Altman method, the mean bias was -0.54 log10 copies/mL, and 94.05% results fell within the 95% confidence limit of agreement (-1.248 to 0.168 log10 copies/mL). The coefficient of variation of the Cepheid Xpert HIV-1 VL assay ranged from 0.61% to 1.55%, as determined by testing eight positive plasma specimens with three different lots on different days. Due to its simplicity, random-access, rapid turnaround time, and accuracy, the Xpert HIV-1 VL assay can be used in local hospitals and clinics that bear the burden of identifying and treating HIV patients in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifeng Liu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Renni Deng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yun Lan
- Infectious Disease Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Li
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Bin Su
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Hao Wu
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoli Cai
- Infectious Disease Institute, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Beijing, China
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Abstract
To better evaluate HIV-1 vaccines and therapeutics, the National Institutes for Food and Drug Control of China developed a panel of HIV-1 pseudoviruses including 462 viral strains derived from China, covering the majority of contemporaneous subtypes and circulating recombinant forms. Compared with the standard pseudovirus panels derived from other countries/regions, the Chinese isolates are more susceptible to neutralization by the sera obtained in China, revealing the strain/subtype specificity. Some of these pseudoviruses have already been used for the evaluation of HIV vaccines and drug candidates in Chinese clinical trials. The pseudoviruses panel is widely shared with interested scientists involved in the research and development of vaccines and antiviral drugs against HIV-1 strains prevalent in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Nie
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC), Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Xu S, Huang W, Zhang L, An J, Li X, Song A, Nie J, Zhang C, Wang Y. Regulation and quality evaluation system for HIV diagnostics in China. Biologicals 2016; 44:111-6. [PMID: 26811217 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A sophisticated regulatory framework has been constructed for Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) diagnostics in China, which have developed over the past 30 years. China National Institutes for Food and Drug Control acts as the legal institution in this regulatory framework, launching important activities to ensure the quality of HIV diagnostics. These include the analysis of the main problems faced in developing domestic HIV diagnostics, by investigating the quality of HIV diagnostics and their development; exploring the key factors affecting the quality of HIV diagnostics, to determine the criteria for screening national reference samples; the development of new technologies and methods for preparing reference samples; and the establishment of nine types of national reference panels and nine national standards to evaluate the quality of HIV diagnostics. Based on these researches, a quality evaluation system was established, including nine types of national reference panels, nine national standards for HIV diagnostics, and five sample banks (HIV-positive sample bank, HIV-negative sample bank, common international genotype sample bank, seroconversion series sample bank, HIV virus bank) to evaluate the quality of HIV diagnostics in China. The regulatory framework and the quality evaluation system are pivotal in ensuring the quality of the HIV diagnostics licensed in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Xu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tiantan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Weijin Huang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tiantan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Center for Drug Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, Jia-1, Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Juanjuan An
- Center for Medical Device Evaluation, China Food and Drug Administration, 3-5/F, Tower B3, Five Buildings, No. 9, Chegongzhuang Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tiantan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Aijing Song
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tiantan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tiantan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chuntao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tiantan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Health for Research on Quality and Standardization of Biotech Products, Division of HIV/AIDS and Sexually-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, No. 2, Tiantan Xi Li, Beijing 100050, China.
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Ndiaye O, Diop-Ndiaye H, Ouedraogo AS, Fall-Malick FZ, Sow-Sall A, Thiam M, Diouara AAM, Ndour CT, Gaye-Diallo A, Mboup S, Toure-Kane C. Comparison of four commercial viral load techniques in an area of non-B HIV-1 subtypes circulation. J Virol Methods 2015; 222:122-31. [PMID: 26068392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare four HIV-1 viral quantitation platforms, Nuclisens EasyQ v2.0(®) (EQ), COBAS AmpliPreP/Cobas Taqman(®) HIV-1 test v 2.0 (CTM), GENERIC HIV CHARGE VIRALE(®) (GEN), with Abbott Real Time HIV-1(®) (m2000sp/rt) as reference technique. The study had first evaluated m2000sp/rt performances and then compared quantitation between techniques. Discordant samples were genotyped on gag and pol gene and sequences were analyzed using Sequence locator and SeqPublish to detect eventual mismatches. Performance analysis of m2000sp/rt showed good results with coefficients of variation values (CV) of 1.35%, 0.65%, and 0.54% for repeatability testing of low, intermediate and high concentrations, respectively. Reproducibility tests showed low CV values with 2.36% and 1.42% for low and high concentration levels, respectively and contamination test was very low value with 0.94%. Correlation and concordance between techniques ranged from r(2)=0.98 and bias=-0.00185 (for m2000sp/rt vs CTM) to r(2)=0.90 and bias=-0.135 (for EQ vs GEN). Discrepancies were observed on 37 samples mostly CRF02_AG but despite some mismatches, sequence analysis (26/37) did not show any remarkable differences between CRF02_AG queries and references. This study showed good correlation and good concordance between techniques. However, EQ yielded under-quantitation of CRF02_AG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ousseynou Ndiaye
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie CHU A. le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Halimatou Diop-Ndiaye
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie CHU A. le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal.
| | - Abdou Salam Ouedraogo
- Université de Ouagadougou, Service de Bactériologie-Virologie, CHU Souro Sanou, Bobo Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
| | - Fatim Zahra Fall-Malick
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie CHU A. le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Amina Sow-Sall
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie CHU A. le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Moussa Thiam
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie CHU A. le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | | | - Cheikh Tidiane Ndour
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie CHU A. le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aïssatou Gaye-Diallo
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie CHU A. le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Souleymane Mboup
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie CHU A. le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Coumba Toure-Kane
- Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Virologie CHU A. le Dantec, Dakar, Senegal
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Odaibo GN, Adewole IF, Olaleye DO. High Rate of Non-detectable HIV-1 RNA Among Antiretroviral Drug Naive HIV Positive Individuals in Nigeria. Virology (Auckl) 2013; 4:35-40. [PMID: 25512693 PMCID: PMC4222343 DOI: 10.4137/vrt.s12677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma HIV-1 RNA concentration, or viral load, is an indication of the magnitude of virus replication and largely correlates with disease progression in an infected person. It is a very useful guide for initiation of therapy and monitoring of response to antiretroviral drugs. Although the majority of patients who are not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) have a high viral load, a small proportion of ART naive patients are known to maintain low levels or even undetectable viral load levels. In this study, we determined the rate of undetectable HIV-1 RNA among ART naive HIV positive patients who presented for treatment at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria from 2005 to 2011. Baseline viral load and CD4 lymphocyte cell counts of 14,662 HIV positive drug naive individuals were determined using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5 and Partec easy count kit, respectively. The detection limits of the viral load assay are 400 copies/mL and 750,000 copies/mL for lower and upper levels, respectively. A total of 1,399 of the 14,662 (9.5%) HIV-1 positive drug naive individuals had undetectable viral load during the study period. In addition, the rate of non-detectable viral load increased over the years. The mean CD4 counts among HIV-1 infected individuals with detectable viral load (266 cells/μL; range = 1 to 2,699 cells/μL) was lower than in patients with undetectable viral load (557 cells/μL; range = 1 to 3,102 cells/μL). About 10% of HIV-1 infected persons in our study population had undetectable viral load using the Roche Amplicor version 1.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgina N Odaibo
- Department of Virology College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Isaac F Adewole
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - David O Olaleye
- Department of Virology College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Optimization and proficiency testing of a pseudovirus-based assay for detection of HIV-1 neutralizing antibody in China. J Virol Methods 2012; 185:267-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Revised: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Nyagaka B, Kiptoo MK, Lihana RW, Khamadi SA, Makokha EP, Kinyua JG, Mwangi J, Osman S, Lagat NJ, Muriuki J, Okoth V, Gicheru M, Ng'ang'a Z, Songok EM. HIV type 1 gag genetic diversity among antenatal clinic attendees in North Rift Valley, Kenya. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:523-6. [PMID: 21827277 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV genetic recombination and high mutation rate increase diversity allowing it to escape from host immune response or antiretroviral drugs. This diversity has enabled specific viral subtypes to be predominant in specific regions. To determine HIV-1 subtypes among seropositive antenatal clinic attendees in Kenya's North Rift Valley, a cross-sectional study was carried out on 116 HIV-1-positive blood samples. Proviral DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells by DNAzol lysis and ethanol precipitation. Polymerase chain reactions using specific primers for HIV-1 gag and population sequencing on resulting amplicons were carried out. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 81 (70%) were subtype A1, 13 (11%) subtype D, 8 (7%) subtype C, 3 (3%) subtype A2, 1 (1%) subtype G, and 10 showed possible recombinants: 5 (4%) subtype A1D, 4 (3%) subtype A1C, and 1 (1%) subtype A2C. These data support the need to establish circulating subtypes for better evaluation of effective HIV diagnostic and treatment options in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Raphael W. Lihana
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Saida Osman
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Elijah M. Songok
- Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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10
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Kageha S, Lihana RW, Okoth V, Mwau M, Okoth FA, Songok EM, Ngaira JM, Khamadi SA. HIV type 1 subtype surveillance in central Kenya. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:228-31. [PMID: 21740274 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2011.0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection is characterized by genetic diversity such that specific viral subtypes are predominant in specific geographic areas. To determine circulating subtypes of HIV-1 in different parts of central Kenya, a cross-sectional study was carried out on HIV-1-positive blood samples collected from consenting individuals in eight hospitals of Kenya's central province. Proviral DNA was extracted from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing using primers generated from a highly conserved region of HIV-1 env gp41 were carried out. Ninety-six samples were successfully amplified and sequenced. Analysis of the sequences showed that a majority of them belonged to subtype A1 (67/96, 69.8%), followed by subtypes D (18, 18.7%) and C (11/96, 11.5%). Consistent with findings in other parts of Kenya, HIV-1 subtype A1 was the most dominant virus in circulation. Continued surveillance of circulating subtypes of HIV-1 in Kenya is important in determining the evolution of the HIV/AIDS epidemic in Kenya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Kageha
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Raphael W. Lihana
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Viral Infection and International Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Vincent Okoth
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Matilu Mwau
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick A. Okoth
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah M. Songok
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Jane M. Ngaira
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Juja, Kenya
| | - Samoel A. Khamadi
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
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11
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Xu S, Song A, Nie J, Li X, Meng S, Zhang C, Wang Y. Comparison between the automated Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 test version 2.0 assay and its version 1 and Nuclisens HIV-1 EasyQ version 2.0 assays when measuring diverse HIV-1 genotypes in China. J Clin Virol 2011; 53:33-7. [PMID: 22051503 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2011] [Revised: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several commercially available HIV-1 viral load assays based on real-time detection technology and automated platforms are available. It is not clear how the diversity of HIV-1 genotypes impacts the ability to consistently detect HIV-1 viral loads. OBJECTIVES To examine whether the diversity of HIV-1 genotypes impacts the ability of the Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 test version 2.0 (CAP/CTM v2.0), its version 1.0 (CAP/CTM v1.0) and the NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 version 2.0 (EasyQ v2.0) assays to consistently determine the viral loads. STUDY DESIGN The three assays were used to measure the viral load in 178 plasma samples with diverse genotypes from treatment-naive patients. RESULTS CAP/CTM v2.0 showed significant correlation and high agreement with CAP/CTM v1.0 and EasyQ v2.0. CAP/CTM v2.0 showed excellent detection of clade B samples compared with CAP/CTM v1.0 and EasyQ v2.0. However, significant differences were observed when using CAP/CTM v2.0 to test clade BC and AE samples. The HIV-1 load measured by CAP/CTM v2.0 differed by >0.5logIU/ml in 59.52% and 72.62% of clade BC samples, and in 57.14% and 85.71% of clade AE samples, compared with CAP/CTM v1.0 and EasyQ v2.0, respectively. CAP/CTM v2.0 was more precise (13.18%) than EasyQ v2.0 (29.21%), and both assays showed good linearity (R≥0.9926). CONCLUSIONS The three assays may not deliver consistent results for samples belonging to clades BC and AE. It is strongly suggested that the version of the HIV-1 viral load assay used initially is also used at follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institutes of Food and Drug Control, No. 2 Tiantanxili, Beijing, PR China
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12
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Rouet F, Liégeois F, Mouinga-Ondémé A, Kania D, Viljoen J, Wambua S, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Ménan H, Peeters M, Nerrienet E. Current challenges to viral load testing in the context of emerging genetic diversity of HIV-1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 5:183-202. [PMID: 23484497 DOI: 10.1517/17530059.2011.566860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION One of the major characteristics of HIV-1 is its extreme genetic diversity. A key factor in assessing the sensitivity of a molecular-based assay measuring HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) in plasma is its ability to detect/quantify all (or most of) relevant HIV-1 genetic subtype/recombinant forms accurately. AREAS COVERED This review provides an overview of the current commercially available quantitative real-time assays (the Abbott RealTime HIV-1, Roche TaqMan HIV-1 versions 1.0 and 2.0, BioMérieux Nuclisens EasyQ HIV-1, Siemens VERSANT HIV-1 RNA 1.0 kinetic PCR, and Biocentric Generic HIV Viral Load assays). For each assay, studies from 2005 to 2010 assessing the impact of HIV-1 genetic diversity on the reliability of HIV-1 RNA quantification are described. EXPERT OPINION In light of HIV-1 genetic diversity, a general recommendation to favor one test over the other cannot categorically be made. Larger field evaluations of HIV-1 RNA assays should be conducted in areas where HIV-1 genetic diversity is the highest. The large-scale implementation of HIV-1 VL testing is urgently required in the developing world to change HIV infection from a likely death sentence into a manageable chronic infection, as done in Northern countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Rouet
- Laboratoire de Rétrovirologie, Centre International de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF) , BP 769, Franceville, Gabon , France +241 677 092/096 ; +241 677 295 ;
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Performance of NucliSens HIV-1 EasyQ Version 2.0 compared with six commercially available quantitative nucleic acid assays for detection of HIV-1 in China. Mol Diagn Ther 2011; 14:305-16. [PMID: 21053996 DOI: 10.1007/bf03256386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Six HIV-1 viral load assays have been widely used in China. These include the Cobas Amplicor HIV-1 Monitor Version 1.5 ('Amplicor'), Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan HIV-1 test Version 1.0 ('CAP/CTM'), Versant HIV-1 RNA Version 3.0 (branched DNA [bDNA]-based assay; 'Versant bDNA'), Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay ('Abbott RealTime'), NucliSens HIV-1 QT (nucleic acid sequence-based amplification assay; 'NucliSens NASBA'), and NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 Version 1.1 ('EasyQ V1.1'). Recently, an updated version of EasyQ V1.1, NucliSens EasyQ HIV-1 Version 2.0 ('EasyQ V2.0') was introduced into China. It is important to evaluate the impact of HIV-1 genotypes on the updated assay compared with the other commercial available assays in China. METHODS A total of 175 plasma samples with different HIV-1 clades prevalent in China were collected from treatment-naïve patients. The viral loads of those samples were determined with the seven HIV-1 viral load assays, and the quantitative differences between them were evaluated. RESULTS Overall, EasyQ V2.0 exhibited a significant correlation (R = 0.769-0.850, p ≤ 0.001) and high agreement (94.77-97.13%, using the Bland-Altman model) with the other six assays. Although no significant differences between EasyQ V2.0 and the other six assays were observed when quantifying clade B' samples, there were statistically significant differences between EasyQ V2.0 and the Amplicor, Versant bDNA, and Abbott RealTime assays when quantifying clade BC samples, and between EasyQ V2.0 and the Versant bDNA and Abbott RealTime assays when quantifying clade AE samples. For clade BC samples, the quantitative differences between EasyQ V2.0 and the Amplicor, Versant bDNA, and Abbott RealTime assays exceeded 0.5 log(10) IU/mL in approximately 50% of samples and exceeded 1 log(10) IU/mL in approximately 15% of samples. For clade AE samples, the quantitative differences between EasyQ V2.0 and the CAP/CTM, Versant bDNA, and Abbott RealTime assays exceeded 0.5 log(10) IU/mL in approximately 50% of samples, and the differences between EasyQ V2.0 and CAP/CTM exceeded 1 log(10) IU/mL in approximately 15% of samples. CONCLUSION Genotypes may affect the quantification of HIV-1 RNA, especially in clade BC samples with respect to EasyQ V2.0 and the Amplicor, Versant bDNA, or Abbott RealTime assays, and in clade AE samples with respect to EasyQ V2.0 and the Versant bDNA or Abbott RealTime assays. It is therefore strongly suggested that, where possible, the HIV-1 viral load in infected patients be quantified at follow-up by the same version of the same assay that was used initially.
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Wang S, Nie J, Wang Y. Comparisons of the genetic and neutralization properties of HIV-1 subtype C and CRF07/08_BC env molecular clones isolated from infections in China. Virus Res 2011; 155:137-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2010.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2010] [Revised: 08/26/2010] [Accepted: 09/19/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Nie J, Song A, Xu S, Li X, Wang Y. The effect of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 variability on antibody detection. Arch Virol 2010; 155:1813-22. [PMID: 20689972 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-010-0775-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To determine whether genetic variability influences the ability to detect antibody, nine gp41 ectodomain recombinant proteins from human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) CRF07_BC, CRF01_AE and subtype B' were expressed in a bacterial expression system and purified. An indirect sandwich ELISA was developed with individual purified recombinant proteins. Plasma samples from 26 individuals infected with HIV-1 of different subtypes and four samples from the 1st international antibody reference panel were tested against each recombinant protein by ELISA. Heat-map and two-dimensional hierarchical clustering methods revealed that ELISA reactivity against antigens derived from the same subtypes clustered together. This suggests a similar reactivity pattern among infections of the same subtype, and thus the antigenicity of gp41 recombinant proteins may vary depending on the subtype, and subtype-related serotypes may exist among these antigens. Using association analysis methods, eight signature sites related to the subtype-specific reactivity patterns were identified. This study provides valuable information for the development of diagnostic assays with the ability to detect broadly cross-reactive antibodies induced by infection with different HIV-1 subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Nie
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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Rouet F, Foulongne V, Viljoen J, Steegen K, Becquart P, Valéa D, Danaviah S, Segondy M, Verhofstede C, Van de Perre P. Comparison of the Generic HIV Viral Load® assay with the Amplicor™ HIV-1 Monitor v1.5 and Nuclisens HIV-1 EasyQ® v1.2 techniques for plasma HIV-1 RNA quantitation of non-B subtypes: The Kesho Bora preparatory study. J Virol Methods 2010; 163:253-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2009.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2009] [Revised: 08/13/2009] [Accepted: 10/08/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lihana RW, Khamadi SA, Lwembe RM, Kinyua JG, Muriuki JK, Lagat NJ, Okoth FA, Makokha EP, Songok EM. HIV-1 subtype and viral tropism determination for evaluating antiretroviral therapy options: an analysis of archived Kenyan blood samples. BMC Infect Dis 2009; 9:215. [PMID: 20040114 PMCID: PMC2804586 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-9-215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2009] [Accepted: 12/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with HIV-1 is characterized by genetic diversity such that specific viral subtypes are predominant in specific geographical areas. The genetic variation in HIV-1 pol and env genes is responsible for rapid development of resistance to current drugs. This variation has influenced disease progression among the infected and necessitated the search for alternative drugs with novel targets. Though successfully used in developed countries, these novel drugs are still limited in resource-poor countries. The aim of this study was to determine HIV-1 subtypes, recombination, dual infections and viral tropism of HIV-1 among Kenyan patients prior to widespread use of antiretroviral drugs. METHODS Remnant blood samples from consenting sexually transmitted infection (STI) patients in Nairobi were collected between February and May 2001 and stored. Polymerase chain reaction and cloning of portions of HIV-1 gag, pol and env genes was carried out followed by automated DNA sequencing. RESULTS Twenty HIV-1 positive samples (from 11 females and 9 males) were analyzed. The average age of males (32.5 years) and females (26.5 years) was significantly different (p value < 0.0001). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that 90% (18/20) were concordant HIV-1 subtypes: 12 were subtype A1; 2, A2; 3, D and 1, C. Two samples (10%) were discordant showing different subtypes in the three regions. Of 19 samples checked for co-receptor usage, 14 (73.7%) were chemokine co-receptor 5 (CCR5) variants while three (15.8%) were CXCR4 variants. Two had dual/mixed co-receptor use with X4 variants being minor population. CONCLUSION HIV-1 subtype A accounted for majority of the infections. Though perceived to be a high risk population, the prevalence of recombination in this sample was low with no dual infections detected. Genotypic co-receptor analysis showed that most patients harbored viruses that are predicted to use CCR5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael W Lihana
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Samoel A Khamadi
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Raphael M Lwembe
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joyceline G Kinyua
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joseph K Muriuki
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nancy J Lagat
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fredrick A Okoth
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ernest P Makokha
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah M Songok
- Centre for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Rapidly Increasing Prevalence of HIV and Syphilis and HIV-1 Subtype Characterization Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Jiangsu, China. Sex Transm Dis 2009; 36:120-5. [DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e31818d3fa0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Xu S, Song A, Nie J, Li X, Li J, Bao Z, Wang Y. Comparative evaluation of the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV type 1 test (CAP/CTM) and VERSANT HIV type 1 RNA 3.0 assay (bDNA) for quantifying HIV type 1 viral loads in China. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2008; 24:1365-73. [PMID: 18928395 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2008.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, 277 clinical samples from untreated and treated HIV-1-infected patients with different clades were used to assess the agreement between the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 test (CAP/CTM) and VERSANT HIV-1 RNA 3.0 Assay (bDNA). A qualitative comparison of the results of the two assays showed concordance for 255 positive and 15 negative samples (94.95%, kappa = 0.798). However, seven samples with viral loads close to the lower limit of detection for CAP/CTM were negative by bDNA. A significant correlation (r = 0.881, p < 0.001) was observed for 253 samples with viral loads within the dynamic ranges of the two assays, and Bland-Altman analysis showed good agreement (96.05%) between the two assays for these 253 samples [mean (+/-2 SD), 0.389(-0.385, 1.163)]. Furthermore, ART drugs had no impact on the performances of the two assays. For samples with different clades predominant in China, the fitted regression line differed significantly from the line of equality, although significant correlations (r = 0.850-0.891, p < 0.001) and good agreements (92.86-97.25%) were found for the two assays. The mean differences for clade B' and BC samples were significant (p < 0.01). Good precision for clade B' samples was achieved for the CAP/CTM (CV: 20.73%) and bDNA (CV: 12.19%) assays. Furthermore, for clades B', BC, and AE, both assays exhibited good linearities (r = 0.9773-0.9998). Thus, the CAP/CTM and bDNA assays could be useful for quantifying HIV-1 RNA in routine clinical samples and monitoring viral loads in treated and untreated HIV-infected patients in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Aijing Song
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jianhui Nie
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiuhua Li
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Jingyun Li
- Center of AIDS, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Zuoyi Bao
- Center of AIDS, Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Science, Beijing 100071, P.R. China
| | - Youchun Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
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Development of the 1st International Reference Panel for HIV-1 RNA genotypes for use in nucleic acid-based techniques. J Virol Methods 2008; 154:86-91. [PMID: 18793673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2008.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/21/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-eight laboratories from 16 countries participated in a collaborative study to evaluate an HIV-1 RNA Genotype Reference Panel for use with nucleic acid-based tests (NAT). The Reference Panel consisted of 11 coded samples representing different HIV-1 genotypes (subtypes A-D, AE, F, G, AA-GH, groups N and O) as well as a negative diluent control. Each laboratory assayed the eleven panel members concurrently with the 1st International Standard for HIV-1 RNA (NIBSC Code 97/656) on at least three separate occasions and the data collated and analysed at NIBSC. Twenty-nine sets of data from NAT were received, 19 from quantitative and 10 from qualitative assays, with six different commercial assays and five "in-house" assays represented. The results showed that viruses from subtypes A-D and recombinant virus AE [CRF01_AE] were detected consistently, but that some assays had difficulty with the detection and quantification of viruses from subtypes F and G, a mixed recombinant virus AA-GH and a representative of group N. Furthermore, most assays failed to detect the group O representative. The study illustrated the limitations of some molecular assays particularly in detection of certain non-B genotypes which are important viruses in the global AIDS pandemic and illustrated the value of a well-characterised genotype panel. The panel has been established by the World Health Organisation's Expert Committee on Biological Standardisation as the 1st International Reference Panel HIV-1 RNA Genotypes (code 01/466).
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Genetic and neutralization properties of HIV-1 env clones from subtype B/BC/AE infections in China. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr 2008; 47:535-43. [PMID: 18209676 DOI: 10.1097/qai.0b013e3181663967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As HIV vaccines move into preclinical and clinical trials in China, pseudovirion-based neutralization assays, especially those using env genes of Chinese origin, are widely required to evaluate the ability of HIV vaccines to induce neutralizing antibody (nAb) responses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Functional gp160 genes from plasma samples from Chinese HIV-infected patients were cloned and sequenced and then used to establish a pseudovirus-based neutralization assay. The neutralization phenotypes of the Env-pseudotyped viruses were characterized with known nAbs (4E10, 2F5, IgG1b12, and 2G12) and 43 plasma samples from patients infected with different HIV subtypes. RESULTS Overall, 27 functional gp160 genes (18 subtype BC, 3 subtype AE, and 6 subtype B) of HIV-1 were obtained, and their full-length nucleotide sequences were analyzed. The results confirmed the presence of significant genetic diversity among the clones. 4E10 neutralized all 27 Env-pseudotyped viruses, whereas IgG1b12 neutralized 44% of them. 2F5 neutralized 67% and 100% of subtype B and AE clones, respectively, but not subtype BC clones, whereas 2G12 neutralized 33% of subtype B viruses but not subtype BC and AE viruses. There were significant differences in the cross-neutralization activities when the neutralization phenotypes of the 27 Env-pseudotyped viruses were characterized using 43 HIV-positive plasma samples. CONCLUSIONS These characterized functional HIV-1 env clones should be useful for standardizing neutralization assays in China.
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Xu S, Song A, Li X, Li J, Bao Z, Mao P, Zhao Q, Wang Y. Performance of the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay for quantification of HIV-1 clades prevalent in China. J Clin Virol 2008; 41:305-9. [PMID: 18313353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2008.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 01/09/2008] [Accepted: 01/10/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the performance of the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay for measuring viral loads of the prevalent HIV-1 clades in China. STUDY DESIGN Serially diluted samples, as well as 521 clinical samples from 213 untreated HIV-1-infected individuals, 56 HIV-1-infected patients receiving ART, 60 HCV- and 57 HBV-infected patients and 135 healthy blood donors, were tested with RealTime and EasyQ. RESULTS Both assays exhibited linearity coefficients of >0.98. RealTime and EasyQt detected HIV-1 RNA in 87.36% and 86.99% of 269 HIV-1-seropositive samples, respectively. The correlation coefficients between the two assays for quantifying HIV-1 clades B', BC and AE were 0.884, 0.813 and 0.881, respectively, and the mean differences between the two assays for clades B', BC and AE were -0.087, 0.314 and 0.559 log(10)IU/mL, respectively. The correlation coefficient between the two assays for measuring samples from patients receiving ART was 0.945 (mean difference, 0.085 log(10)IU/mL). No false-positive samples were found among the 60 HCV-infected patients, 57 HBV-infected patients and 135 healthy blood donors. CONCLUSIONS The Abbott RealTime HIV-1 assay shows good linearity and specificity. ART drugs and HIV-1 clades B' and BC do not affect the performance of the assay. Based on the comparison data, [corrected] clade AE may be more [corrected] readily detected by using this method [corrected]
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Affiliation(s)
- Sihong Xu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, No. 2 Tiantanxi, Beijing 100050, PR China
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