1
|
Schefczyk S, Luo X, Liang Y, Hasenberg M, Walkenfort B, Trippler M, Schuhenn J, Sutter K, Lu M, Wedemeyer H, Schmidt HH, Broering R. Tg1.4HBV-s-rec mice, a crossbred hepatitis B virus-transgenic model, develop mild hepatitis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22829. [PMID: 38129531 PMCID: PMC10739827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50090-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-transgenic mice exhibit competent innate immunity and are therefore an ideal model for considering intrinsic or cell-based mechanisms in HBV pathophysiology. A highly replicative model that has been little used, let alone characterized, is the Tg1.4HBV-s-rec strain derived from cross breeding of HBV-transgenic mouse models that either accumulate (Alb/HBs, Tg[Alb1-HBV]Bri44) or lack (Tg1.4HBV-s-mut) the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Tg1.4HBV-s-rec hepatocytes secreted HBsAg, Hepatitis B extracellular antigen (HBeAg) and produced HBV virions. Transmission electron microscopy visualised viral particles (Tg1.4HBV-s-rec), nuclear capsid formations (Tg1.4HBV-s-mut and Tg1.4HBV-s-rec) and endoplasmic reticulum malformations (Alb/HBs). Viral replication in Tg1.4HBV-s-rec and Tg1.4HBV-s-mut differed in HBsAg expression and interestingly in the distribution of HBV core antigen (HBcAg) and HBV × protein. While in Tg1.4HBV-s-mut hepatocytes, the HBcAg was located in the cytoplasm, in Tg1.4HBV-s-rec hepatocytes, the HBcAg appeared in the nuclei, suggesting a more productive replication. Finally, Tg1.4HBV-s-rec mice showed symptoms of mild hepatitis, with reduced liver function and elevated serum transaminases, which appeared to be related to natural killer T cell activation. In conclusion, the study of Alb/HBs, Tg1.4HBV-s-mut and their F1 progeny provides a powerful tool to elucidate HBV pathophysiology, especially in the early HBeAg-positive phases of chronic infection and chronic hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Xufeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Institute for Lymphoma Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University & Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaojie Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Mike Hasenberg
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Imaging Center Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernd Walkenfort
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Imaging Center Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Trippler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonas Schuhenn
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Kathrin Sutter
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147, Essen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Schefczyk S, Luo X, Liang Y, Trippler M, Lu M, Wedemeyer H, Schmidt HH, Broering R. Poly(I:C) Induces Distinct Liver Cell Type-Specific Responses in Hepatitis B Virus-Transgenic Mice In Vitro, but Fails to Induce These Signals In Vivo. Viruses 2023; 15:v15051203. [PMID: 37243287 DOI: 10.3390/v15051203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunopathology in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is driven by innate and adaptive immunity. Whether the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) affects hepatic antiviral signalling was investigated in HBV-transgenic mouse models that either accumulate (Alb/HBs, Tg[Alb1HBV]Bri44), lack (Tg1.4HBV-s-mut3) or secrete (Tg1.4HBV-s-rec (F1, Tg1.4HBV-s-mut × Alb/HBs) the HBsAg. Herein, the responsiveness of TLR3 and RIG-I in primary parenchymal and non-parenchymal liver cells was determined in vitro and in vivo. Cell type-specific and mouse strain-dependent interferon, cytokine and chemokine expression were observed by LEGENDplex™ and validated by quantitative PCR. In vitro, the hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and Kupffer cells of Tg1.4HBV-s-rec mice showed poly(I:C) susceptibilities similar to the wild-type controls, while in the remaining leucocyte fraction the interferon, cytokine and chemokine induction was reduced. On the contrary, poly(I:C)-injected 1.4TgHBV-s-rec mice showed suppressed interferon, cytokine and chemokine levels in hepatocytes but increased levels in the leucocyte fraction. Thus, we concluded that liver cells of Tg1.4HBV-s-rec mice, which produce HBV particles and release the HBsAg, responded to exogenous TLR3/RIG-I stimuli in vitro but exhibited a tolerogenic environment in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schefczyk
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Xufeng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Yaojie Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Trippler
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute for Virology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Heiner Wedemeyer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Hartmut H Schmidt
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Transplant Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Endogenously Expressed Antigens Bind Mammalian RNA via Cationic Domains that Enhance Priming of Effector CD8 T Cells by DNA Vaccination. Mol Ther 2019; 27:661-672. [PMID: 30713086 PMCID: PMC6403493 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core (HBV-C) antigens with homologous or heterologous HIV-tat48-57-like (HBV-C149tat) cationic domains non-specifically bind cellular RNA in vector-transfected cells. Here, we investigated whether RNA-binding to cationic domains influences the immunogenicity of endogenously expressed antigens delivered by DNA vaccination. We initially evaluated induction of HBV-C (Kb/C93)-specific CD8+ T cell responses in C57BL/6J (B6) and 1.4HBV-Smut transgenic (tg) mice that harbor a replicating HBV genome in hepatocytes by DNA immunization. RNA-binding HBV-C and HBV-C149tat antigens moderately enhanced Kb/C93-specific CD8+ T cells in B6 mice as compared with RNA-free HBV-C149 antigen (lacking cationic domains). However, only the RNA-binding antigens elicited Kb/C93-specific CD8+ T cells that inhibited HBV replication in 1.4HBV-Smut tg mice. Moreover, RNA-binding to designer antigens, which express a Kb/p15E epitope from an endogenous murine leukemia virus-derived tumor-specific gp70 protein, was crucial to prime tumor-rejecting effector CD8+ T cells in B6 mice. Antigen-bound endogenous RNAs function as a Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR-7) ligand and stimulated priming of Kb/p15E-specific CD8+ T cells in B6, but not TLR-7−/−, mice. Antigen-bound cellular RNAs thus function as an endogenous natural adjuvant in in vivo vector-transfected cells, and thus are an attractive tool to induce and/or enhance effector CD8+ T cell responses directed against chronic viral infections or tumor self-antigens by DNA vaccination.
Collapse
|
4
|
Krieger J, Stifter K, Riedl P, Schirmbeck R. Cationic domains in particle-forming and assembly-deficient HBV core antigens capture mammalian RNA that stimulates Th1-biased antibody responses by DNA vaccination. Sci Rep 2018; 8:14660. [PMID: 30279478 PMCID: PMC6168482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32971-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The HBV core protein self-assembles into particles and encapsidates immune-stimulatory bacterial RNA through a cationic COOH-terminal (C150-183) domain. To investigate if different cationic domains have an impact on the endogenous RNA-binding of HBV-C antigens in mammalian cells, we developed a strep-tag (st) based expression/purification system for HBV-C/RNA antigens in vector-transfected HEK-293 cells. We showed that HBV-stC but not HBV-stC149 particles (lacking the cationic domain) capture low amounts of mammalian RNA. Prevention of specific phosphorylation in cationic domains, either by exchanging the serine residues S155, S162 and S170 with alanines (HBV-stCAAA) or by exchanging the entire cationic domain with a HIV-tat48-57-like sequence (HBV-stC149tat) enhanced the encapsidation of RNA into mutant core particles. Particle-bound mammalian RNA functioned as TLR-7 ligand and induced a Th1-biased humoral immunity in B6 but not in TLR-7-/- mice by exogenous (protein) and endogenous (DNA) vaccines. Compared to core particles, binding of mammalian RNA to freely exposed cationic domains in assembly-deficient antigens was enhanced. However, RNA bound to non-particulate antigens unleash its Th1-stimulating adjuvant activity by DNA- but not protein-based vaccination. Mammalian RNAs targeted by an endogenously expressed antigen thus function as a natural adjuvant in the host that facilitates priming of Th1-biased immune responses by DNA-based immunization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jana Krieger
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Katja Stifter
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | - Petra Riedl
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Ulm University Hospital, Ulm, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Real CI, Lu M, Liu J, Huang X, Trippler M, Hossbach M, Deckert J, Jahn-Hofmann K, Ickenstein LM, John MJ, Gibbert K, Dittmer U, Vornlocher HP, Schirmbeck R, Gerken G, Schlaak JF, Broering R. Hepatitis B virus genome replication triggers toll-like receptor 3-dependent interferon responses in the absence of hepatitis B surface antigen. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24865. [PMID: 27121087 PMCID: PMC4848479 DOI: 10.1038/srep24865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been described as stealth virus subverting immune responses initially upon infection. Impaired toll-like receptor signaling by the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) attenuates immune responses to facilitate chronic infection. This implies that HBV replication may trigger host innate immune responses in the absence of HBsAg. Here we tested this hypothesis, using highly replicative transgenic mouse models. An HBV replication-dependent expression of antiviral genes was exclusively induced in HBsAg-deficient mice. These interferon responses attributed to toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3)-activated Kupffer and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and further controlled the HBV genome replication. However, activation of TLR3 with exogenous ligands indicated additional HBs-independent immune evasion events. Our data demonstrate that in the absence of HBsAg, hepatic HBV replication leads to Tlr3-dependent interferon responses in non-parenchymal liver cells. We hypothesize that HBsAg is a major HBV-mediated evasion mechanism controlling endogenous antiviral responses in the liver. Eradication of HBsAg as a therapeutic goal might facilitate the induction of endogenous antiviral immune responses in patients chronically infected with HBV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Isabell Real
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jia Liu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Department of Infectious Disease, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Martin Trippler
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Hossbach
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Axolabs GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Jochen Deckert
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Axolabs GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany
| | - Kerstin Jahn-Hofmann
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ludger Markus Ickenstein
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH Biberach, Biberach an der Riß, Germany
| | - Matthias Johannes John
- Roche Kulmbach GmbH, Kulmbach, Germany.,Moderna Therapeutics, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kathrin Gibbert
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Ulf Dittmer
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Reinhold Schirmbeck
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital at the University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Guido Gerken
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Joerg Friedrich Schlaak
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany.,Evangelisches Klinikum Niederrhein gGmbH, Duisburg, Germany
| | - Ruth Broering
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital at the University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Riedl P, Reiser M, Stifter K, Krieger J, Schirmbeck R. Differential presentation of endogenous and exogenous hepatitis B surface antigens influences priming of CD8+T cells in an epitope-specific manner. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:1981-91. [DOI: 10.1002/eji.201343933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Petra Riedl
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Michael Reiser
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Katja Stifter
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | - Jana Krieger
- Department of Internal Medicine I; University Hospital of Ulm; Ulm Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boukhebza H, Dubois C, Koerper V, Evlachev A, Schlesinger Y, Menguy T, Silvestre N, Riedl P, Inchauspé G, Martin P. Comparative analysis of immunization schedules using a novel adenovirus-based immunotherapeutic targeting hepatitis B in naïve and tolerant mouse models. Vaccine 2014; 32:3256-63. [PMID: 24726690 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.03.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Development of active targeted immunotherapeutics is a rapid developing field in the arena of chronic infectious diseases. The question of repeated, closely spaced administration of immunotherapeutics to achieve a rapid impact on the replicating agent is an important one. We analyzed here, using a prototype adenovirus-based immunotherapeutic encoding Core and Polymerase from the hepatitis B virus (Ad-HBV), the influence of closely spaced repeated immunizations on the level and quality of induced HBV-specific and vector-specific immune responses in various mouse models. Ad-HBV, whether injected once or multiple times, was able to induce HBV- and adeno-specific T cells both in HBV-free mice and in a HBV tolerant mouse model. Adenovirus-specific T cell responses and titers of neutralizing anti-Ad5 antibodies increased from time of the 3rd injection. Interestingly, single or multiple Ad-HBV injections resulted in detection of Polymerase-specific functional T cells in HBV tolerant mice. Overall no modulation of the levels of HBV-specific cytokine-producing (IFNγ/TNFα) and cytolytic T cells was observed following repeated administrations (3 or 6 weekly injections) when compared with levels detected after a single injection with the exception of two markers: 1. the proportion of HBV-specific IFNγ-producing cells bearing the CD27+/CD43+ phenotype appeared to be sustained in C57BL/6J mice following 6 weekly injections; 2. the percentage of IFNγ/TNFα Core-specific producing cells observed in spleens of HLA-A2 mice as well as of that specific of Polymerase observed in livers of HBV tolerant mice was maintained. In addition, percentage of HBV-specific T cells expressing PD-1 was not increased by multiple injections. Overall these data show that, under experimental conditions used, rapid, closely spaced administrations of an adenovirus-based HBV immunotherapeutics does not inhibit induced T-cell responses including in a HBV-tolerant environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Houda Boukhebza
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Clarisse Dubois
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Véronique Koerper
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Alexei Evlachev
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France
| | - Yasmine Schlesinger
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Thierry Menguy
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Nathalie Silvestre
- TRANSGENE SA, Boulevard Gonthier d'Andernach, 67405 Illkirch Graffenstaden, France
| | - Petra Riedl
- ULM University, Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Albert Einstein Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Perrine Martin
- TRANSGENE SA, 321 Avenue Jean Jaures, 69364 Lyon cedex 07, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Novel Woodchuck Hepatitis Virus (WHV) transgene mouse models show sex-dependent WHV replicative activity and development of spontaneous immune responses to WHV proteins. J Virol 2013; 88:1573-81. [PMID: 24257601 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02086-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The woodchuck model is an informative model for studies on hepadnaviral infection. In this study, woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV) transgenic (Tg) mouse models based on C57BL/6 mice were established to study the pathogenesis associated with hepadnaviral infection. Two lineages of WHV Tg mice, harboring the WHV wild-type genome (lineage 1217) and a mutated WHV genome lacking surface antigen (lineage 1281), were generated. WHV replication intermediates were detected by Southern blotting. DNA vaccines against WHV proteins were applied by intramuscular injection. WHV-specific immune responses were analyzed by flow cytometry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The presence of WHV transgenes resulted in liver-specific but sex- and age-dependent WHV replication in Tg mice. Pathological changes in the liver, including hepatocellular dysplasia, were observed in aged Tg mice, suggesting that the presence of WHV transgenes may lead to liver diseases. Interestingly, Tg mice of lineage 1281 spontaneously developed T- and B-cell responses to WHV core protein (WHcAg). DNA vaccination induced specific immune responses to WHV proteins in WHV Tg mice, indicating a tolerance break. The magnitude of the induced WHcAg-specific immune responses was dependent on the effectiveness of different DNA vaccines and was associated with a decrease in WHV loads in mice. In conclusion, sex- and age-dependent viral replication, development of autoimmune responses to viral antigens, pathological changes in the liver in WHV Tg mice, and the possibility of breaking immune tolerance to WHV transgenes will allow future studies on pathogenesis related to hepadnaviral infection and therapeutic vaccines.
Collapse
|
9
|
Köck J, Rösler C, Zhang J, Blum HE, Nassal M, Thoma C. Human hepatitis B virus production in avian cells is characterized by enhanced RNA splicing and the presence of capsids containing shortened genomes. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37248. [PMID: 22624002 PMCID: PMC3356268 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental studies on hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication are commonly done with human hepatoma cells to reflect the natural species and tissue tropism of the virus. However, HBV can also replicate, upon transfection of virus coding plasmids, in cells of other species. In such cross-species transfection experiments with chicken LMH hepatoma cells, we previously observed the formation of HBV genomes with aberrant electrophoretic mobility, in addition to the those DNA species commonly seen in human HepG2 hepatoma cells. Here, we report that these aberrant DNA forms are mainly due to excessive splicing of HBV pregenomic RNA and the abundant synthesis of spliced DNA products, equivalent to those also made in human cells, yet at much lower level. Mutation of the common splice acceptor site abolished splicing and in turn enhanced production of DNA from full-length pgRNA in transfected LMH cells. The absence of splicing made other DNA molecules visible, that were shortened due to the lack of sequences in the core protein coding region. Furthermore, there was nearly full-length DNA in the cytoplasm of LMH cells that was not protected in viral capsids. Remarkably, we have previously observed similar shortened genomes and non-protected viral DNA in human HepG2 cells, yet exclusively in the nucleus where uncoating and final release of viral genomes occurs. Hence, two effects reflecting capsid disassembly in the nucleus in human HepG2 cells are seen in the cytoplasm of chicken LMH cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Josef Köck
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JK); (CT)
| | - Christine Rösler
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hubert E. Blum
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michael Nassal
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christian Thoma
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail: (JK); (CT)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Primary liver cancer remains one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide. As this disease is lethal in most cases, research has to be done to improve our understanding of the disease and to offer insights for possible treatment options. Animal models have been widely used in the research of primary liver cancer. Here, we review the progress and prospects for the development of animal models of primary liver cancer, highlighting the best candidates for future preclinical investigations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Riedl P, Wieland A, Lamberth K, Buus S, Lemonnier F, Reifenberg K, Reimann J, Schirmbeck R. Elimination of Immunodominant Epitopes from Multispecific DNA-Based Vaccines Allows Induction of CD8 T Cells That Have a Striking Antiviral Potential. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2009; 183:370-80. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0900505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|