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Farahmand M, Khales P, Salavatiha Z, Sabaei M, Hamidzade M, Aminpanah D, Tavakoli A. Worldwide prevalence and genotype distribution of human astrovirus in gastroenteritis patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2023:106209. [PMID: 37385570 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
AIM Human astrovirus (HAstV) is an important causative agent of gastroenteritis in humans, which mainly infects young children and the elderly. The goal of this study was to conduct a meta-analytic review of the prevalence of HAstV amongst patients with gastroenteritis, and to shed light on the connection between HAstV infection and gastroenteritis. METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted to identify all potentially relevant studies recorded up to April 8th, 2022. For study weighting, the inverse variance method was employed and the random-effects model was applied to evaluate data. For case-control studies, the pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to establish the relationship between HAstV infection and gastroenteritis. RESULTS Among 302423 gastroenteritis patients from 69 different countries, the overall pooled prevalence of HAstV infection was 3.48% (95% CI: 3.11%-3.89%). Case-control approach was used in 39 investigations, and the overall prevalence of HAstV infection among the 11342 healthy controls was 2.01% (95% CI: 1.40%-2.89%). Gastroenteritis and HAstV infection were associated with a pooled OR of 2.16 (95% CI: 1.72-2.71; P < 0.0001; I2 = 33.7%). The most commonly found HAstV genotypes in gastroenteritis patients were HAstV1 (62.18%), HAstV7 (33.33%), and HAstV-MLB1 (17.43%). CONCLUSION The frequency of HAstV infection was the highest in children under the age of five, and in developing countries. The prevalence rate of HAstV was not influenced by gender. Semi-nested and nested RT-PCR were highly sensitive assays for detecting HAstV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farahmand
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pegah Khales
- Department of Bacteriology and Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Salavatiha
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Sabaei
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Hamidzade
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Danesh Aminpanah
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Tavakoli
- Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Epidemiological investigation and genetic characterization of porcine astrovirus genotypes 2 and 5 in Yunnan province, China. Arch Virol 2021; 167:355-366. [PMID: 34839421 PMCID: PMC8627673 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05311-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Astroviruses (AstVs) are among the most important viruses causing diarrhea in human infants and many animals, posing a threat to public health safety and a burden on the economy. Five porcine AstV (PAstV) genotypes have been identified in various countries, including China. However, the epidemiology of PAstV in Yunnan province, China, remains unknown. In this study, 489 fecal samples from pigs in all 16 prefectures/cities of Yunnan were collected between April and August of 2020 for epidemiological investigation. The total infection rate of PAstV-2 or PAstV-5 was 39.9%, with suckling piglets having the highest infection rate (62.3%). The ORF2 genes of seven PAstV-2 and 10 PAstV-5 isolates were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed. In addition to coinfections with PAstV-2 and PAstV-5, coinfections of PAstV with other diarrhea-inducing viruses (e.g., porcine bocavirus) were also discovered. A comparison of ORF2-encoded capsid protein sequences revealed that there were multiple insertions and deletions in the seven Yunnan PAstV-2 sequences, while point mutations, but no deletions or insertions, were found in the 10 Yunnan PAstV-5 sequences, which were very similar to the reference sequences. This is the first epidemiological investigation and genetic characterization of PAstV-2 and PAstV-5 in Yunnan province, China, demonstrating the current PAstV infection situation in Yunnan.
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Human Astrovirus in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Children: A Cross-Sectional Study on Hospitalized and Outpatients from Rural Communities of South Africa between 2017-2021. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10111398. [PMID: 34832554 PMCID: PMC8618259 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10111398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human astroviruses are considered acute gastroenteritis agents (AGE) and are largely reported in children worldwide. There are limited data on astrovirus prevalence in rural communities, especially in hospitalized and asymptomatic cases. This study was a cross-sectional survey aiming to investigate the prevalence of classic human astroviruses in symptomatic and asymptomatic cases and hospitalized and outpatient children in rural communities of the Vhembe District, South Africa. A total of 236 stool samples (166 symptomatic and 70 asymptomatic) were collected from young children under 5 years of age. Real-time RT-PCR for astrovirus detection, RT-PCR amplification of capsid and polymerase partial genes as well as Sanger sequencing were performed. The classic astrovirus prevalence in symptomatic patients (7.23%, 12/166) as compared to healthy controls (4.29%, 3/70) was not statistically different (t-value: 1.782, p = 0.141: 95% CI). We did not observe a significant difference of classic astrovirus prevalence rate between the hospitalized group (6.52%, 3/46) and outpatient group (7.5%, 9/120). Symptomatic children below 6 months old were the most affected group (18.18%, 6/33). This study characterized human astrovirus genotype 2 and a putative recombinant strain (polymerase genotype 1/capsid genotype 2). Phylogenetic analysis revealed these genotypes are closely related to the strains circulating elsewhere within the African continent. The findings suggest that astrovirus is a common enteric pathogen in the study area. The results highlight the exposure of children and the need to monitor astroviruses for their potential impact in diarrhoeal diseases.
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Lu L, Jia R, Zhong H, Xu M, Su L, Cao L, Dong Z, Dong N, Xu J. Molecular characterization and multiple infections of rotavirus, norovirus, sapovirus, astrovirus and adenovirus in outpatients with sporadic gastroenteritis in Shanghai, China, 2010–2011. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1229-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2387-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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5
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Environmental surveillance for human astrovirus in Shandong Province, China in 2013. Sci Rep 2014; 4:7539. [PMID: 25519005 PMCID: PMC4269885 DOI: 10.1038/srep07539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are one of the leading viral agents of acute gastroenteritis. However, there is limited information on HAstVs in China. Here, we describe the molecular characterization of HAstVs in Shandong, China via sewage surveillance. A total of 23 sewage samples were collected from sewage treatment plants in the cities of Jinan and Linyi in 2013. After concentration via adsorption-elution method, 9 samples (39.1%) were positive by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) for the presence of the 719-nt HAstV nucleotide sequence. Genetic cloning and sequencing were performed on positive PCR products, and 26 HAstV sequences were obtained. Phylogenetic analysis on these sequences revealed 4 genotypes (HAstV-1, -2, -4 and -5), with HAstV-1 and -5 as the most common genotypes in Jinan and Linyi, respectively. Homologous comparison revealed Shandong sequences had relatively less genetic divergence among themselves than with foreign sequences. This study represents the first effort to investigate the genotypes and molecular epidemiology of HAstVs via sewage surveillance in China. The high detection rate in this study reflects that HAstVs circulated at a relatively high frequency in the local population, and demonstrates that environmental surveillance is an effective method in investigating circulating HAstVs.
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6
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Novel human astroviruses: challenges for developing countries. Virusdisease 2014; 25:208-14. [PMID: 25674587 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Astroviruses have been gaining widespread importance over the past few decades owing to their detection through advanced molecular techniques. The association of astrovirus-associated enteric infections have been reported from various settings among different age groups. The tremendous efforts of scientists from different countries to detect and characterize these star-like viruses in the course of surveillance has shown the emergence of novel astroviruses from varied host species, necessitating changes in the classification to update their taxonomy. The public health importance of these viruses implies new control measures are essential to reduce disease burden in developing countries.
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Yang BY, Liu XL, Wei YM, Wang JQ, He XQ, Jin Y, Wang ZJ. Rapid and sensitive detection of human astrovirus in water samples by loop-mediated isothermal amplification with hydroxynaphthol blue dye. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:38. [PMID: 24524254 PMCID: PMC3930758 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this paper was to develop a reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method for rapid, sensitive and inexpensive detection of astrovirus. RESULTS The detection limit of LAMP using in vitro RNA transcripts was 3.6 × 10 copies·μL⁻¹, which is as sensitive as the presently used PCR assays. However, the LAMP products could be identified as different colors with the naked eye following staining with hydroxynaphthol blue dye (HNB). No cross-reactivity with other gastroenteric viruses (rotavirus and norovirus) was observed, indicating the relatively high specificity of LAMP. The RT-LAMP method with HNB was used to effectively detect astrovirus in reclaimed water samples. CONCLUSIONS The LAMP technique described in this study is a cheap, sensitive, specific and rapid method for the detection of astrovirus. The RT-LAMP method can be simply applied for the specific detection of astrovirus and has the potential to be utilized in the field as a screening test.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xiao-Qing He
- School of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Qinghua East Rd 35, P, O, Box 162, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, P, R, China.
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Hata A, Kitajima M, Tajiri-Utagawa E, Katayama H. Development of a high resolution melting analysis for detection and differentiation of human astroviruses. J Virol Methods 2014; 200:29-34. [PMID: 24509176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Human astroviruses (AstVs), the common causes of viral gastroenteritis, consist of 8 different sero- or genotypes in which a variety of subtypes have been found. In the present study, a rapid and high-throughput method for detection and sequence-discrimination of AstVs by high resolution melting (HRM) analysis was developed. A newly designed primer set for the assay targeting ORF1b-ORF2 junction region of AstVs successfully reacted with all 8 serotypes of AstVs and allowed genotyping using their amplicons. The HRM assay consists of intercalating dye based real time quantitative PCR (qPCR) and melting curve analysis. The qPCR assay was sensitive enough to detect 1.0×10(1) copies/reaction of AstV serotypes. However, 1.0×10(3) copies/reaction of AstVs gene was required to obtain a sequence-specific difference curve, indicating that pre-amplification is necessary to apply the assay to samples containing low numbers of AstVs. AstVs in clinical specimens were subjected to the HRM assay after pre-amplification. The strains possessing same nucleotide sequences at the target region showed an identical difference curve and those possessing different nucleotide sequences showed a distinguishable difference curve. The newly developed HRM assay is an effective technique for screening of AstVs to quantify and discriminate the strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Hata
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Kitajima
- Center for Environmental Sensing and Modeling Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology 1 CREATE Way, #09-03 CREATE Tower, Singapore 138602
| | - Etsuko Tajiri-Utagawa
- Second Department of Virology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo 208-0012, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Katayama
- Department of Urban Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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Emerging trends in the epidemiology of human astrovirus infection among infants, children and adults hospitalized with acute watery diarrhea in Kolkata, India. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:1685-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2012] [Revised: 07/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
Novel lineages of human astrovirus (HAstV) types 2, 2c, and 2d have been identified. Upon sequencing of the 3' end of the genome, the type 2c and 2d HAstVs were found to be open reading frame 1b (ORF1b)-ORF2 recombinant, with ORF1b being derived from type 3 and type 1 HAstVs, respectively. An ORF2 interlineage recombinant strain, 2c/2b, was also identified.
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Medici MC, Tummolo F, Albonetti V, Abelli LA, Chezzi C, Calderaro A. Molecular detection and epidemiology of astrovirus, bocavirus, and sapovirus in Italian children admitted to hospital with acute gastroenteritis, 2008-2009. J Med Virol 2012; 84:643-50. [PMID: 22337304 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of enteric viruses have been identified in children with acute gastroenteritis, the majority of cases of gastroenteritis remain undiagnosed. In order to provide more insights into the epidemiology of enteric viruses that are not included usually in routine diagnostic tests, cases of childhood sporadic gastroenteritis of unknown etiology requiring hospital admission in Parma, Italy, during 2008-2009, were screened for astrovirus (AstV), sapovirus (SaV), and bocavirus (BoV). The stools of 712 children, negative for rotavirus, norovirus, adenovirus, enterovirus, and reovirus, were examined by PCR or RT-PCR for AstV, BoV, and SaV. The prevalence of AstV, BoV, and SaV in the patients examined was 2.1%, 3.2%, 2.4%, respectively, with the viruses being detected mostly in children <3 years of age. AstV strains were characterized by sequencing as types 1, 2, and 4, with a AstV-1 peak occurring in the 2008 fall-winter season. BoV strains were characterized as types 1, 2, and 3, with BoV-3 circulating more frequently in the 2008 autumn and winter season and BoV-2 during March-April 2009. The most common SaVs were GI.2 and GII.1 while GIV and GV SaVs were detected sporadically. Overall, AstV, BoV, and SaV infections accounted for 7.7% of the sporadic cases of acute gastroenteritis with unknown etiology selected for the study. Different virus types and lineages were found to circulate and temporal peaks of virus activity were also demonstrated, suggesting either small clusters of infections or small outbreaks or epidemics in local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Medici
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical School, Parma, Italy.
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12
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Babkin IV, Tikunov AY, Zhirakovskaia EV, Netesov SV, Tikunova NV. High evolutionary rate of human astrovirus. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2012; 12:435-42. [PMID: 22326537 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2012.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Revised: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Human astrovirus is one of the etiological agents of acute gastroenteritis in humans, mostly in young children and elderly people. Complete genome sequencing of four human astrovirus strains isolated in Novosibirsk, Russia was performed. Analysis of these sequences and the sequences available in GenBank database has detected numerous potential recombination breakpoints. For the first time the rate of human astrovirus evolution was estimated based on the genome fragments without recombination breakpoints; the determined rate is typical of the RNA viruses with high evolutionary rate, amounting to approximately 3.7 × 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions per site per year, and for the synonymous changes, 2.8 × 10(-3) nucleotide substitutions per site per year.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V Babkin
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation.
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Feeney SA, Armstrong VJ, Mitchell SJ, Crawford L, McCaughey C, Coyle PV. Development and clinical validation of multiplex TaqMan® assays for rapid diagnosis of viral gastroenteritis. J Med Virol 2012; 83:1650-6. [PMID: 21739458 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.22162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
There is a need to provide rapid, sensitive, and often high throughput detection of pathogens in diagnostic virology. Viral gastroenteritis is a serious health issue often leading to hospitalization in the young, the immunocompromised and the elderly. The common causes of viral gastroenteritis include rotavirus, norovirus (genogroups I and II), astrovirus, and group F adenoviruses (serotypes 40 and 41). This article describes the work-up of two internally controlled multiplex, probe-based PCR assays and reports on the clinical validation over a 3-year period, March 2007 to February 2010. Multiplex assays were developed using a combination of TaqMan™ and minor groove binder (MGB™) hydrolysis probes. The assays were validated using a panel of 137 specimens, previously positive via a nested gel-based assay. The assays had improved sensitivity for adenovirus, rotavirus, and norovirus (97.3% vs. 86.1%, 100% vs. 87.8%, and 95.1% vs. 79.5%, respectively) and also more specific for targets adenovirus, rotavirus, and norovirus (99% vs. 95.2%, 100% vs. 93.6%, and 97.9% vs. 92.3%, respectively). For the specimens tested, both assays had equal sensitivity and specificity for astrovirus (100%). Overall the probe-based assays detected 16 more positive specimens than the nested gel-based assay. Post-introduction to the routine diagnostic service, a total of 9,846 specimens were processed with multiplex 1 and 2 (7,053 pediatric, 2,793 adult) over the 3-year study period. This clinically validated, probe-based multiplex testing algorithm allows highly sensitive and timely diagnosis of the four most prominent causes of viral gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Feeney
- Regional Virus Laboratory, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom.
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First description of gastroenteritis viruses in Lebanese children: a pilot study. J Infect Public Health 2011; 4:59-64. [PMID: 21663874 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2011.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/16/2011] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Human enteric viruses are important causes of acute gastroenteritis in infants and children. The role of rotaviruses, adenoviruses, human caliciviruses and astroviruses in the development of severe acute gastroenteritis requiring hospitalization of infants and young children in North Lebanon was investigated. Stool specimens collected between April and May 2010 from 79 Lebanese infants and children hospitalized for severe acute gastroenteritis, were screened for enteric viruses by immunoassays and internally controlled multiplex PCR assay. Out of 79 stool samples, 38 (48%) were positive for rotavirus, and 5 (6%) were positive for norovirus genogroup II. Enteric adenoviruses, sapoviruses and human astroviruses were not detected. Children with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis were younger than those with severe norovirus gastroenteritis. These results highlight the importance of rotavirus and norovirus as causes of severe gastroenteritis in Lebanese children, and the need to incorporate routine screening tests for norovirus infection in clinical settings.
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Detection of human bocavirus 3 in China. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2011; 30:799-805. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-011-1159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Glass RI, Bresee JS. Astroviruses, Enteric Adenoviruses, and Other Gastroenteritis Viral Infections. TROPICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES: PRINCIPLES, PATHOGENS AND PRACTICE 2011. [PMCID: PMC7149586 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-3935-5.00063-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Guo L, Gonzalez R, Wang W, Li Y, Paranhos-Baccalà G, Vernet G, Wang J. Complete genome sequence of human astrovirus genotype 6. Virol J 2010; 7:29. [PMID: 20137100 PMCID: PMC2829535 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-7-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2009] [Accepted: 02/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human astroviruses (HAstVs) are one of the important causes of acute gastroenteritis in children. Currently, eight HAstV genotypes have been identified and all but two (HAstV-6 and HAstV-7) have been fully sequenced. We here sequenced and analyzed the complete genome of a HAstV-6 strain (192-BJ07), which was identified in Beijing, China. Results The genome of 192-BJ07 consists of 6745 nucleotides. The 192-BJ07 strain displays a 77.2-78.0% nucleotide sequence identity with other HAstV genotypes and exhibits amino acid sequence identities of 86.5-87.4%, 94.2-95.1%, and 65.5-74.8% in the ORF1a, ORF1b, and ORF2 regions, respectively. Homological analysis of ORF2 shows that 192-BJ07 is 96.3% identical to the documented HAstV-6 strain. Further, phylogenetic analysis indicates that different genomic regions are likely undergoing different evolutionary and selective pressures. No recombination event was observed in HAstV-6 in this study. Conclusion The completely sequenced and characterized genome of HAstV-6 (192-BJ07) provides further insight into the genetics of astroviruses and aids in the surveillance and control of HAstV gastroenteritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- Dr, Christophe Mérieux Laboratory, IPB, CAMS-Fondation Mérieux, Institute of Pathogen Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, PR China
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