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Hashempour T, Dehghani B, Mousavi Z, Akbari T, Hasanshahi Z, Moayedi J, Yahaghi M, Davarpanah MA. Association of Mutations in the NS5A-PKRBD Region and IFNL4 Genotypes with Hepatitis C Interferon Responsiveness and its Functional and Structural Analysis. CURR PROTEOMICS 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1570164617666200107091124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The cellular antiviral responses induced by interferons require some cellular
protein kinase for its activation. Evidence indicated that a number of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) proteins
can repress double-stranded (ds) RNA-dependent Protein Kinase (PKR) function and help HCV to escape.
However, the reports are controversial, some researchers have suggested that a region in Nonstructural
5A (NS5A) gene called Protein Kinase R-Binding Domain (PKR-BD) is associated with HCV sensitivity
to the antiviral effects of Interferon (IFN). In addition, the other factor that might be associated
with response to PEGylated-IFNα (Peg-IFNα) and Ribavirin (RBV) combination therapy, is IFNL4
genotypes.
Objective:
The aim of this study was to investigate the association between amino acid (aa) substitutions
in the NS5A region and the IFNL4 genotypes in two Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP)
(rs8099917. rs12979860) in patients with HCV genotypes 1a and 3a. We also examined their response
to combination therapy and the effect of these mutations on the function and structure of PKR-BD.
Methods:
Eighty-six patients with hepatitis C were recruited and follow-up for 6 months. Several tests,
including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), viral load, IFNL4 genotyping,
and PKR-BD sequencing were performed. Using several well-known and trustworthy bioinformatics
tools, sequences were analyzed to define physio-chemical properties, structural features, immune
epitopes and protein-protein interaction.
Results:
Of the 86 patients, 65.1% had high viral load at baseline, 64% had CT genotype for rs12979860
and 57% had GT genotype for rs8099917. Several aa residues changes were found in the PKR-BD region.
We could not find any link between mutations in the PKR-BD region and different genotypes of IFNL4
in response to antiviral therapy. Regardless of pI, PKR-BD 1a and 3a showed similar physio-chemical
properties, and 2 phosphorylation sites and one glycosylation site were estimated for both PKR-BD 1a
and 3a. Trustworthy software were employed in order to predict B-cell epitopes, 3 regions (6-17, 26-32,
34-41) were found for both proteins, indicating a huge potential of PKR-BD protein to induce humoral
immune system. Docking analysis determined non-responder sequences in both 1a and 3a genotypes
to have higher energy value and are more compatible with PKR.
Conclusion:
To sum up, our results could not determine any significant relationship between mutations
of PKR-BD and genotypes of IFNL4 with other factors; ALT, AST, viral load. However, docking results
showed strengthened interaction between PKR-BD and PKR in non-responders that could have a
momentous impact on the illness severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Hashempour
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Behzad Dehghani
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Zahra Mousavi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Tahereh Akbari
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Zahra Hasanshahi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Javad Moayedi
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Maryam Yahaghi
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Davarpanah
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Department of Internal Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Fars, Iran
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2
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Yasuda S, Ishigami M, Ishizu Y, Kuzuya T, Honda T, Hayashi K, Toyoda H, Kumada T, Hirooka Y, Goto H. Substitutions in interferon sensitivity-determining region and hepatocarcinogenesis after hepatitis C virus eradication. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 33:1904-1911. [PMID: 29744922 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Amino-acid substitutions in the interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) within the NS5A region are known to be associated with responsiveness to interferon (IFN)-based therapy. Additionally, previous studies reported that the ISDR was related to the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, the association between substitutions in the ISDR and the development of HCC in patients who achieved sustained virological response (SVR) is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the association between amino-acid substitutions in the ISDR and development of HCC after SVR. METHODS One thousand five hundred eighty-eight patients infected with HCV who were treated with IFN-based therapy were enrolled, and 475 patients who achieved SVR and underwent complete virological analysis at pretreatment were investigated. HCV genotypes consisted of 1a (n = 10), 1b (n = 307), 2a (n = 110), 2b (n = 41), and 3a (n = 7), and the ISDR in each genotype was examined by direct sequencing. RESULTS Nineteen patients developed HCC after SVR. The cumulative incidence of HCC was 2.1% and 15.9% at 5 and 10 years after SVR, respectively. Multivariate analysis indicated older age (≥ 60 years: hazard ratio [HR], 3.23; P = 0.014), higher γ-glutamyl transpeptidase level (≥ 50 IU/L: HR, 8.42; P < 0.001) and ≥ 3 substitutions in the ISDR (HR, 3.24; P = 0.016) as independent factors that were significantly associated with HCC development. CONCLUSION Amino-acid substitutions in the ISDR are useful to predict not only IFN responsiveness but also HCC development in patients who achieved SVR by IFN-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Yasuda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoji Ishizu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Teiji Kuzuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidenori Toyoda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Takashi Kumada
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ogaki Municipal Hospital, Ogaki, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Hirooka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hidemi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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3
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Rahamathulla S, Ratnagiri BSVV, Manickam M, Sultana S, Mamatha DM, Magisetty O, Nagarapu R, Ponamgi SPD. Determination of Sustained Virological Response in Hepatitis C Virus Genotypes by the Number of Mutations in the E2 and NS5A-ISDR Regions: A Meta-Analysis. RUSS J GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795418090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Hoshino K, Sugiyama M, Date T, Maruwaka S, Arakaki S, Shibata D, Maeshiro T, Hokama A, Sakugawa H, Kanto T, Fujita J, Mizokami M. Phylogenetic and phylodynamic analyses of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a in Okinawa, Japan. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:976-985. [PMID: 29577516 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Okinawa Island, located in Southern Japan, has a higher prevalence rate of hepatitis C virus subtype 1a (HCV-1a) infection than that in mainland Japan. Okinawa has a history of US military occupation after World War II. To elucidate the transmission history of HCV-1a in Okinawa, 26 whole-genome sequences were obtained from 29 patients during 2011-2016. Phylogenetic trees were reconstructed to identify the origin and characteristics of HCV-1a in Okinawa with epidemiological information. A phylogenetic tree based on whole-genome sequencing revealed that all of the samples were located below the US branches. Additionally, we identified one cluster comprised of 17 strains (Okinawa, n = 16; United States, n = 1). The majority of the patients in this cluster were people who inject drugs (PWID), indicating the presence of a people who inject drugs (PWID) cluster. Subsequently, Bayesian analyses were employed to reveal viral population dynamics. Intriguingly, a phylodynamic analysis uncovered a substantial increase in effective population size of HCV-1a from 1965 to 1980 and a slight increase in mid-2000, which were associated with an increase in illicit drug use in Okinawa. The estimated divergence time of the PWID cluster was 1967.6 (1964.2-1971.1). These findings suggest that HCV-1a was introduced into Okinawa from the United States in the late 1960s, coincident with the Vietnam War. Subsequently, HCV-1a might have spread among the Japanese population with the spread of injecting drug use. Our study provides an understanding of HCV transmission dynamics in Okinawa, as well as the key role of PWID in HCV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hoshino
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - M Sugiyama
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Date
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Maruwaka
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - S Arakaki
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - D Shibata
- Digestive Division, Heart Life Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - T Maeshiro
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - A Hokama
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - H Sakugawa
- Digestive Division, Heart Life Hospital, Okinawa, Japan
| | - T Kanto
- Department of Liver Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
| | - J Fujita
- Department of Infectious, Respiratory, and Digestive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - M Mizokami
- Genome Medical Science Project, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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5
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Sohda T, Yamauchi E, Anan A, Yokoyama K, Fukunaga A, Yamauchi R, Fukuda S, Takata K, Tanaka T, Hanano T, Kitamura Y, Morihara D, Takeyama Y, Irie M, Shakado S, Sakisaka S. Non-response to daclatasvir and asunaprevir therapy in patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 2. Hepatol Res 2017; 47:364-367. [PMID: 27260815 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus (HCV) have been developed such as combined daclatasvir (DCV) and asunaprevir (ASV) treatment. This typically enables HCV serotype 1 patients to achieve a high sustained virological response rate, but a small number of such patients fail to respond to therapy. We investigated three HCV patients who showed no response to DCV and ASV therapy. Hepatitis C genotyping was undertaken in the three patients using nested polymerase chain reaction and polymerase chain reaction direct sequencing in the core region of the HCV genome. All three patients possessed HCV serotype 1, and no mutations were identified in either the non-structural protein 3 or 5A region. The three patients were shown to be co-infected with HCV genotypes 1 and 2 because genotypes 2a and 2b were also identified. This is the first report into failed response to DCV and ASV therapy in patients co-infected with HCV genotypes 1 and 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Sohda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Eri Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akira Anan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiji Yokoyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Fukunaga
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Sho Fukuda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Takata
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takayuki Hanano
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuji Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Morihara
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Takeyama
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Makoto Irie
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Satoshi Shakado
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shotaro Sakisaka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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6
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Ward T, Webster S, Mishina S, McEwan P, Wygant G, Wang F. Assessing the Budget Impact and Economic Outcomes of the Introduction of Daclatasvir + Asunaprevir and Sofosbuvir/Ledipasvir for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Japan. Value Health Reg Issues 2016. [PMID: 28648305 DOI: 10.1016/j.vhri.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The advent of highly efficacious, well-tolerated, all-oral direct-acting antiviral regimens has revolutionized the standard of care for patients chronically infected with hepatitis C virus. As efficacy and safety rates converge, prescribers and payers need to consider value for money. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the health economic value of daclatasvir + asunaprevir versus sofosbuvir/ledipasvir via a cost-effectiveness analysis, and determine the optimal treatment considering both costs and health outcomes in Japan. METHODS A previously published Markov model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of daclatasvir + asunaprevir compared with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir on the basis of a matching-adjusted indirect comparison of pivotal trials and modeling inputs specific to the Japanese setting. A de novo budget impact model was developed and used to predict the cost implications of differing treatment sequences. RESULTS Cost-effectiveness results demonstrated minimal difference in terms of benefit (0.037 fewer QALYs and 0.014 fewer life-years with daclatasvir + asunaprevir); nevertheless, a significant difference in cost was predicted (estimated ¥2,299,700 [US $21,695] reduction with daclatasvir + asunaprevir). The budget impact analysis estimated that treatment with daclatasvir + asunaprevir is expected to be less expensive than treatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (as the proportion of patients initially treated with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir increased from 0% to 100%, total costs increased from ¥206 to ¥403 billion [US $1.94 billion to US $3.80 billion]). CONCLUSIONS On the basis of results from an established cost-effectiveness model and a conventional budget impact analysis, treatment with daclatasvir + asunaprevir is expected to be cost-saving compared with treatment with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir in Japan with similar health outcomes, regardless of treatment sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ward
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Ltd., Cardiff, UK
| | | | - Sari Mishina
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb KK, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Phil McEwan
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Ltd., Cardiff, UK; Swansea Centre for Health Economics, School of Human and Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
| | - Gail Wygant
- World Wide Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- World Wide Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., Princeton, NJ, USA
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7
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Akamatsu S, Hayes CN, Ochi H, Uchida T, Kan H, Murakami E, Abe H, Tsuge M, Miki D, Akiyama R, Hiraga N, Imamura M, Aikata H, Kawaoka T, Kawakami Y, Chayama K. Association between variants in the interferon lambda 4 locus and substitutions in the hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 5A. J Hepatol 2015; 63:554-63. [PMID: 25849245 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2015.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Single nucleotide polymorphisms within the interferon lambda 4 (IFNL4) locus are strongly associated with spontaneous clearance of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and early viral response to interferon therapy. Interaction between host genotype and amino acid substitutions might also influence the risk of antiviral resistance in interferon-free direct acting antiviral (DAA) therapies. METHODS The relationship between IFNL4 genotype and HCV substitutions was analyzed in 929 patients with chronic HCV genotype 1b infection. Ultra-deep sequencing and quasispecies reconstruction was performed on the N-terminal region of NS5A in 57 patients. RESULTS IFNL4 genotype was strongly associated with HCV NS5A Y93 and core protein substitutions, and the number and diversity of predicted quasispecies was marginally greater in IFNL4 TT/TT patients compared to TT/ΔG, ΔG/ΔG patients. RNA secondary structure prediction of the NS5A region suggests that variable sites are more likely to occupy unpaired, high entropy positions. CONCLUSIONS HCV infection is proposed to induce a more efficient antiviral response in individuals with the IFNL4 TT/TT genotype that results either in viral clearance or selection for viral adaptations. The association between IFNL4 TT/TT genotype and Y93 substitutions may impact the risk of antiviral resistance in NS5A inhibitors in DAA therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakura Akamatsu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C Nelson Hayes
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hidenori Ochi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takuro Uchida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Kan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Masataka Tsuge
- Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Natural Science Center for Basic Research and Development, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Rie Akiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Hiraga
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yoshiiku Kawakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Laboratory for Digestive Diseases, Center for Genomic Medicine, RIKEN, Hiroshima, Japan.
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8
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Yamada K, Ishigami M, Kuzuya T, Honda T, Hayashi K, Goto H. Associations between responses to interferon therapy and genetic variation in interleukin-28B and the core region of hepatitis C virus genotype 3a. J Med Virol 2015; 87:1361-7. [PMID: 25907669 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of interleukin-28B (IL-28B) and mutations in the core region of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b have been associated with response to interferon (IFN) therapy. However, whether this IL-28B SNP affects responses to INF therapy for HCV genotype 3a is not known. The aim of this study is to investigate whether this IL-28B SNP (rs8099917) and specific missense mutations in the HCV core region affect the response to IFN therapy for HCV genotype 3a. Patients (n = 19; median age 44.5) infected with HCV genotype 3a who received IFN therapy were studied. Of the 19 patients, 12 (63.1%) achieved sustained virological response. Of those 12 patients, 11 had the TT genotype (11/16; 68.7%), and one had the TG genotype (1/3; 33.3%). The difference in the sustained virological response rate between IL-28B genotype groups was not significant (P = 0.5232). HCV core region was well conserved; however, polymorphisms at position 72 were identified. Of the 19 HCV samples; 15 carried a glutamic acid at position 72, and these were defined as E type; the others (4/19) were defined as non-E type. Notably, there was a significant difference in the sustained virological response rate between E type and non-E-type; 12 of the 15 patients with E-type achieved sustained virological response, but none of the four patients with non-E-type achieved sustained virological response (P = 0.009). A glutamic acid at position 72 in the core region of HCV genotype 3a was associated with a good response to IFN therapy. J. Med. Virol. 87:1361-1367, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ishigami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Teiji Kuzuya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takashi Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidemi Goto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
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9
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Baclig MO, Reyes KG, Mapua CA, Gopez-Cervantes J, Natividad FF. Frequency of interleukin 28B rs12979860 C>T variants in Filipino patients chronically infected with hepatitis B virus. Mol Biol Rep 2015; 42:673-9. [PMID: 25391769 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-014-3814-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the most prevalent viral infections worldwide. Nearly 400 million individuals are chronic carriers of HBV. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of human interleukin 28B (IL28B) variants among treatment naive Filipino patients clinically diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), and to compare the IL28B frequency distribution with various ethnic populations. Fifty-seven CHB patients and 43 normal controls were enrolled in this study. Real-time PCR was performed using the TaqMan genotyping assay for IL28B rs12979860. The allelic frequencies among normal controls were 0.94 and 0.06 for the IL28B rs12979860 C and T alleles, respectively. Eighty-eight percent were identified as homozygous for the IL28B C/C genotype and 12% were identified as heterozygous for the IL28B C/T genotype. Among CHB patients, the allelic frequencies were 0.90 for the IL28B C allele and 0.10 for the IL28B T allele. No IL28B T/T genotype was observed between the two groups. No significant difference in the distribution of IL28B genotypes was observed between normal controls and CHB patients. Allelic frequencies of IL28B among Filipinos were similar with other Asian populations but significantly different from Caucasians. The frequency of rs12979860 C>T variants among Filipino CHB patients has not yet been reported. These data provided new insight into the geographical frequency distribution of IL28B variants. Further studies are needed to determine the possible association between IL28B variants and response to pegylated-interferon-α plus ribavirin combination therapy among Filipino patients chronically infected with HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael O Baclig
- Research and Biotechnology, St. Luke's Medical Center, 279 E. Rodriguez Sr. Blvd., 1112, Quezon City, Philippines,
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Belema M, Lopez OD, Bender JA, Romine JL, St Laurent DR, Langley DR, Lemm JA, O'Boyle DR, Sun JH, Wang C, Fridell RA, Meanwell NA. Discovery and development of hepatitis C virus NS5A replication complex inhibitors. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1643-72. [PMID: 24621191 DOI: 10.1021/jm401793m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lead inhibitors that target the function of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) nonstructural 5A (NS5A) protein have been identified by phenotypic screening campaigns using HCV subgenomic replicons. The demonstration of antiviral activity in HCV-infected subjects by the HCV NS5A replication complex inhibitor (RCI) daclatasvir (1) spawned considerable interest in this mechanistic approach. In this Perspective, we summarize the medicinal chemistry studies that led to the discovery of 1 and other chemotypes for which resistance maps to the NS5A protein and provide synopses of the profiles of many of the compounds currently in clinical trials. We also summarize what is currently known about the NS5A protein and the studies using NS5A RCIs and labeled analogues that are helping to illuminate aspects of both protein function and inhibitor interaction. We conclude with a synopsis of the results of notable clinical trials with HCV NS5A RCIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makonen Belema
- Department of Discovery Chemistry, ‡Department of Virology Discovery, and §Department of Computer-Assisted Drug Design, Bristol-Myers Squibb Research and Development , 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, Connecticut 06492, United States
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Prevalence of hepatitis C virus subgenotypes 1a and 1b in Japanese patients: ultra-deep sequencing analysis of HCV NS5B genotype-specific region. PLoS One 2013; 8:e73615. [PMID: 24069214 PMCID: PMC3775835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0073615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Accepted: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hepatitis C virus (HCV) subgenotypes 1a and 1b have different impacts on the treatment response to peginterferon plus ribavirin with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) against patients infected with HCV genotype 1, as the emergence rates of resistance mutations are different between these two subgenotypes. In Japan, almost all of HCV genotype 1 belongs to subgenotype 1b. Methods and Findings To determine HCV subgenotype 1a or 1b in Japanese patients infected with HCV genotype 1, real-time PCR-based method and Sanger method were used for the HCV NS5B region. HCV subgenotypes were determined in 90% by real-time PCR-based method. We also analyzed the specific probe regions for HCV subgenotypes 1a and 1b using ultra-deep sequencing, and uncovered mutations that could not be revealed using direct-sequencing by Sanger method. We estimated the prevalence of HCV subgenotype 1a as 1.2-2.5% of HCV genotype 1 patients in Japan. Conclusions Although real-time PCR-based HCV subgenotyping method seems fair for differentiating HCV subgenotypes 1a and 1b, it may not be sufficient for clinical practice. Ultra-deep sequencing is useful for revealing the resistant strain(s) of HCV before DAA treatment as well as mixed infection with different genotypes or subgenotypes of HCV.
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Kagawa T, Kojima SI, Shiraishi K, Hirose S, Arase Y, Takashimizu S, Watanabe N, Nagata N, Numata M, Shiozawa H, Nishizaki Y, Toki M, Sugita T, Nomura K, Sakaguchi T, Atsukawa K, Tajima H, Tei Y, Inomoto T, Mine T. Meloxicam as an adjuvant to peginterferon-α-2a and ribavirin treatment for genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C: A randomized trial. Hepatol Res 2013; 43:925-32. [PMID: 23356876 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.12046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM In this multicenter, randomized trial, we evaluated the effectiveness of meloxicam - a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug - as an adjuvant for enhancing antiviral efficacy and preventing neutropenia during the treatment of patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C using peginterferon and ribavirin. METHODS A total of 60 patients were randomly assigned, in a 1:1 ratio, to either the meloxicam or the control group after stratification by neutrophil count. Both groups received weekly peginterferon-α-2a (180 μg) and a weight-based dose of ribavirin for 48 weeks. The meloxicam group received meloxicam (10 mg/day) for the first 8 weeks after initiation of treatment. RESULTS Through intent-to-treat analysis, we found that the sustained virological response rate in the meloxicam group (19/30, 63.3%) was significantly higher than in the control group (11/30, 36.7%, P < 0.05). The relapse rate was more than twice as high (45%) in the control group than in the meloxicam group (19.0%); however, this difference was not statistically significant. The rate of neutrophil decrease, calculated by dividing the lowest value observed during the first 8 weeks by pretreatment count, was significantly smaller in the meloxicam group (55.1 ± 14.3%) than in the control group (62.3 ± 9.6%, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Meloxicam enhanced antiviral efficacy and reduced the decline in neutrophil counts for the peginterferon and ribavirin treatment of genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C. This drug could be a reasonable adjuvant for the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. The present study including a small number of patients warrants larger clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatehiro Kagawa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara
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Rouabhia S, Sadelaoud M, Chaabna-Mokrane K, Toumi W, Abenavoli L. Hepatitis C virus genotypes in north eastern Algeria: A retrospective study. World J Hepatol 2013; 5:393-397. [PMID: 23898373 PMCID: PMC3724968 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i7.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the frequency of various hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes present in patients from north eastern Algeria.
METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 435 HCV infected patients from northeast Algeria, detected in the Sadelaoud laboratory and diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2012. The patients were diagnosed with HCV infection in their local hospitals and referred to be assessed for HCV genotype before the antiviral treatment. Demographic information (sex, age and address), genotype, subtype and viral load were retrieved from the patient medical records. The serum samples were tested by the type-specific genotyping assay.
RESULTS: The majority of the patients (82.5%) were from the central part of the examined region (P = 0.002). The mean age of the patients studied was 53.6 ± 11.5 years. HCV genotype 1 was the most frequent (88.7%), followed by genotypes 2 (8.5%), 4 (1.1%), 3 (0.9%) and 5 (0.2%). Genotype 6 was not detected in these patients. Mixed infection across the HCV subtypes was detected in twenty patients (4.6%). The genotype distribution was related to age and region. Genotype 1 was significantly less frequent in the ≥ 60 age group than in the younger age group (OR = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1-0.5, P < 0.001). Furthermore, genotype 1 was more frequent in the central part of the examined region than elsewhere (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The HCV genotype (type 1b was dominant) distribution in Algeria is different from those in other northern countries of Africa.
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Khaliq S, Latief N, Jahan S. Role of different regions of the hepatitis C virus genome in the therapeutic response to interferon-based treatment. Arch Virol 2013; 159:1-15. [PMID: 23851652 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-013-1780-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is considered a significant risk factor in HCV-induced liver diseases and development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nucleotide substitutions in the viral genome result in its diversification into quasispecies, subtypes and distinct genotypes. Different genotypes vary in their infectivity and immune response due to these nucleotide/amino acid variations. The current combination treatment for HCV infection is pegylated interferon α (PEG-IFN-α) with ribavirin, with a highly variable response rate mainly depending upon the HCV genotype. Genotypes 2 and 3 are found to respond better than genotypes 1 and 4, which are more resistant to IFN-based therapies. Different studies have been conducted worldwide to explore the basis of this difference in therapy response, which identified some putative regions in the HCV genome, especially in Core and NS5a, and to some extent in the E2 region, containing specific sequences in different genotypes that act differently with respect to the IFN response. In the review, we try to summarize the role of HCV proteins and their nucleotide sequences in association with treatment outcome in IFN-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Khaliq
- Department of Immunology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan,
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Belema M, Meanwell NA, Bender JA, Lopez OD, Hewawasam P, Langley DR. Discovery and Clinical Validation of HCV Inhibitors Targeting the NS5A Protein. SUCCESSFUL STRATEGIES FOR THE DISCOVERY OF ANTIVIRAL DRUGS 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/9781849737814-00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
HCV non‐structural protein 5A (NS5A) is a multifunctional protein that plays a diverse set of roles in the replication cycle of the virus. Although a significant level of effort has been invested over the past decade at characterizing this protein, our understanding and appreciation of its full structure and function remain far from complete. Despite these drawbacks, however, great strides have been made towards discovering potent HCV NS5A inhibitors that have exhibited promising efficacy in early clinical trials, and these inhibitors have the potential to become an integral component of effective combination therapies that are expected to emerge in the near future. Highlights of the biochemical characterization of the HCV NS5A protein, aspects of the seminal drug discovery effort that culminated in the identification of daclatasvir with which clinical proof‐of‐concept was obtained for NS5A as a target and the follow‐up efforts that identified additional inhibitors, along with findings from mode‐of‐action studies, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - David R. Langley
- Department of Computer‐Assisted Drug Design Bristol‐Myers Squibb Research and Development, 5 Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06492 USA
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Vispo E, Rallon NI, Labarga P, Barreiro P, Benito JM, Soriano V. Different impact of IL28B polymorphisms on response to peginterferon-α plus ribavirin in HIV-positive patients infected with HCV subtypes 1a or 1b. J Clin Virol 2012; 55:58-61. [PMID: 22727259 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2012.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 05/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND HCV subtype 1a has emerged as a predictor of poor response to triple hepatitis C therapy including boceprevir or telaprevir, which largely has been attributed to a lower resistance barrier in HCV-1a compared to -1b. OBJECTIVES We examined whether a lower efficacy of pegIFN/RBV on HCV-1a than HCV-1b could alternatively contribute to explain it. STUDY DESIGN All chronic hepatitis C patients who had completed a course of pegIFN/RBV therapy at our institution were examined. For this study we selected individuals that were IFN-naïve and had been successfully subtyped as 1a or 1b. Moreover, only HIV-coinfected patients were included as they represented a more uniform population in terms of demographics and treatment exposure at our institution. The IL28B rs12979860 alleles were typed using the 5' nuclease assay. RESULTS A total of 96 individuals were examined, 58 of whom harbored HCV-1a and 38 HCV-1b. IL28B allele distribution was as follows: 33 CC and 63 CT/TT. SVR was achieved by 64% of CC vs 30% of CT/TT patients (p=0.001). On the other hand, SVR was 53% in HCV-1b vs 34% in HCV-1a (p=0.08). Interestingly, the effect of IL28B variants on SVR was mainly recognized in HCV-1a (63% in CC vs 20% in CT/TT; p=0.001), being marginal on HCV-1b (64% in CC vs 46% in CT/TT; p=0.27). CONCLUSIONS The rate of SVR to pegIFN/RBV therapy tends to be lower in HIV-infected patients with chronic hepatitis C due to HCV-1a than HCV-1b; being the impact of IL28B variants significantly stronger on HCV-1a than HCV-1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Vispo
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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