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Tang J, Zou SM, Zhou JF, Gao RB, Xin L, Zeng XX, Huang WJ, Li XY, Cheng YH, Liu LQ, Xiao N, Wang DY. R229I substitution from oseltamivir induction in HA1 region significantly increased the fitness of a H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K. Emerg Microbes Infect 2024; 13:2373314. [PMID: 38922326 PMCID: PMC467099 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2024.2373314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
The proportion of human isolates with reduced neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) susceptibility in highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H7N9 virus was high. These drug-resistant strains showed good replication capacity without serious loss of fitness. In the presence of oseltamivir, R229I substitution were found in HA1 region of the HPAI H7N9 virus before NA R292K appeared. HPAI H7N9 or H7N9/PR8 recombinant viruses were developed to study whether HA R229I could increase the fitness of the H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K. Replication efficiency was assessed in MDCK or A549 cells. Neuraminidase enzyme activity and receptor-binding ability were analyzed. Pathogenicity in C57 mice was evaluated. Antigenicity analysis was conducted through a two-way HI test, in which the antiserum was obtained from immunized ferrets. Transcriptomic analysis of MDCK infected with HPAI H7N9 24hpi was done. It turned out that HA R229I substitution from oseltamivir induction in HA1 region increased (1) replication ability in MDCK(P < 0.05) and A549(P < 0.05), (2) neuraminidase enzyme activity, (3) binding ability to both α2,3 and α2,6 receptor, (4) pathogenicity to mice(more weight loss; shorter mean survival day; viral titer in respiratory tract, P < 0.05; Pathological changes in pneumonia), (5) transcriptome response of MDCK, of the H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K. Besides, HA R229I substitution changed the antigenicity of H7N9/PR8 virus (>4-fold difference of HI titre). It indicated that through the fine-tuning of HA-NA balance, R229I increased the fitness and changed the antigenicity of H7N9 virus bearing NA 292K. Public health attention to this mechanism needs to be drawn.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Oseltamivir/pharmacology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/drug effects
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/immunology
- Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype/physiology
- Neuraminidase/genetics
- Neuraminidase/metabolism
- Dogs
- Virus Replication/drug effects
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Humans
- Mice
- Orthomyxoviridae Infections/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- A549 Cells
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Drug Resistance, Viral/genetics
- Amino Acid Substitution
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Ferrets
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/immunology
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/metabolism
- Female
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Tang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shu-Mei Zou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jian-Fang Zhou
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong-Bao Gao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Xin
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zeng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei-Juan Huang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Yan Li
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hui Cheng
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li-Qi Liu
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ning Xiao
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Da-Yan Wang
- National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza; Key Laboratory for Medical Virology and Viral Diseases, National Health Commission; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Disease, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Mu S, Zou X, Wang Y, Deng X, Cui D, Liu S, Cao B. The combined effect of oseltamivir and favipiravir on influenza a virus evolution in patients hospitalized with severe influenza. Antiviral Res 2023:105657. [PMID: 37369282 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2023.105657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Our previous study shows favipiravir and oseltamivir combination therapy may accelerate clinical recovery compared to oseltamivir monotherapy in severe influenza, but its effect on virological evolution and resistance mutation against oseltamivir is still unknown. In this study, we collected longitudinal respiratory samples from influenza patients who underwent combination therapy and applied them to next generation sequencing of the whole genome of the influenza A virus (IAV). We also included a cohort untreated with any antivirals to serve as the control. In total, 62 samples from 19 patients treated with combination therapy and 20 samples from 20 patients untreated were successfully sequenced. The nucleotide diversity in the whole genome of IAV in the combination group showed no difference compared to that in the control group (P > 0.05). Moreover, we observed 174 kinds of nonsynonymous nucleotide substitutions in patients with combination therapy, mostly in NA (n = 44) and HA (n = 43). Of them, the G→A transition was the dominant variant type (27%) and 46/174 (26%) was reported to have biological effects, such as increased pathogenicity and polymerase activity. Among the 29 mutations conferring reduction in oseltamivir sensitivity we investigated, H275Y was the only mutation detected in the 4 samples from 1 of 19 patients and demonstrated increasing frequency during the treatment. Mutations conferring favipiravir resistance were not observed. Our studies showed combination therapy of favipiravir and oseltamivir has little effect on virus nucleotide diversity, nor prevents the increase of oseltamivir-resistant variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrui Mu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Zou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yeming Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Deng
- Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Cui
- Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China; Shandong Key Laboratory of Infectious Respiratory Disease, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China; Tsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing, China; Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Ilyushina NA, Komatsu TE, Ince WL, Donaldson EF, Lee N, O'Rear JJ, Donnelly RP. Influenza A virus hemagglutinin mutations associated with use of neuraminidase inhibitors correlate with decreased inhibition by anti-influenza antibodies. Virol J 2019; 16:149. [PMID: 31783761 PMCID: PMC6884823 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-019-1258-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination and the use of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are currently the front lines of defense against seasonal influenza. The activity of influenza vaccines and antivirals drugs such as the NAIs can be affected by mutations in the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein. Numerous HA substitutions have been identified in nonclinical NAI resistance-selection experiments as well as in clinical specimens from NAI treatment or surveillance studies. These mutations are listed in the prescribing information (package inserts) for FDA-approved NAIs, including oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir. Methods NAI treatment-emergent H1 HA mutations were mapped onto the H1N1 HA1 trimeric crystal structure and most of them localized to the HA antigenic sites predicted to be important for anti-influenza immunity. Recombinant A/California/04/09 (H1N1)-like viruses carrying HA V152I, G155E, S162 N, S183P, and D222G mutations were generated. We then evaluated the impact of these mutations on the immune reactivity and replication potential of the recombinant viruses in a human respiratory epithelial cell line, Calu− 3. Results We found that the G155E and D222G mutations significantly increased viral titers ~ 13-fold compared to the wild-type virus. The hemagglutination and microneutralization activity of goat and ferret antisera, monoclonal antibodies, and human serum samples raised against pandemic A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses was ~ 100-fold lower against mutants carrying G155E or D222G compared to the wild-type virus. Conclusions Although the mechanism by which HA mutations emerge during NAI treatment is uncertain, some NAI treatment-emergent HA mutations correlate with decreased immunity to influenza virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia A Ilyushina
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Food and Drug Administration CDER, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 2105, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA.
| | - Takashi E Komatsu
- Division of Antiviral Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - William L Ince
- Division of Antiviral Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Eric F Donaldson
- Division of Antiviral Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Nicolette Lee
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Food and Drug Administration CDER, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 2105, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Julian J O'Rear
- Division of Antiviral Products, Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
| | - Raymond P Donnelly
- Division of Biotechnology Review and Research II, Food and Drug Administration CDER, WO Bldg. 52/72, Room 2105, 10903 New Hampshire Avenue, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
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Mammas IN, Spandidos DA. Paediatric virology as a candidate of paediatric subspecialisation: An interview with Assistant Professor of Molecular Microbiology-Virology Angeliki Melidou. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:2795-2798. [PMID: 30210619 PMCID: PMC6122537 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
According to Professor Angeliki Melidou, Assistant Professor of Molecular Microbiology-Virology at the School of Medicine of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki in Greece, recent advances in modern virology have important implications in the successful clinical management of neonatal and paediatric viral infections. On the other hand, preventive measures for infectious diseases and their complications, including vaccinations, proper regular examinations and early diagnosis, are equally crucial. Molecular genetics reveals a new era both in the detection of viral infections and in following up the infection and treatment, as well as identifying genetic predisposition that would affect disease course and outcome. Professor Melidou supports that paediatric virology as a candidate of paediatric subspecialisation would definitely play an important role in preparing specialised medical scientists. These scientists would be properly educated for the management of emerging and re-emerging viral infections, treatment options and schemes according to children's special needs, available prevention strategies and diagnostic capacities. In the context of the ‘4th Workshop on Paediatric Virology’, Professor Melidou's lecture will focus on the epidemiology of influenza virus types and subtypes in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis N Mammas
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
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5
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Antigenically Diverse Swine Origin H1N1 Variant Influenza Viruses Exhibit Differential Ferret Pathogenesis and Transmission Phenotypes. J Virol 2018. [PMID: 29540597 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00095-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A(H1) viruses circulating in swine represent an emerging virus threat, as zoonotic infections occur sporadically following exposure to swine. A fatal infection caused by an H1N1 variant (H1N1v) virus was detected in a patient with reported exposure to swine and who presented with pneumonia, respiratory failure, and cardiac arrest. To understand the genetic and phenotypic characteristics of the virus, genome sequence analysis, antigenic characterization, and ferret pathogenesis and transmissibility experiments were performed. Antigenic analysis of the virus isolated from the fatal case, A/Ohio/09/2015, demonstrated significant antigenic drift away from the classical swine H1N1 variant viruses and H1N1 pandemic 2009 viruses. A substitution in the H1 hemagglutinin (G155E) was identified that likely impacted antigenicity, and reverse genetics was employed to understand the molecular mechanism of antibody escape. Reversion of the substitution to 155G, in a reverse genetics A/Ohio/09/2015 virus, showed that this residue was central to the loss of hemagglutination inhibition by ferret antisera raised against a prototypical H1N1 pandemic 2009 virus (A/California/07/2009), as well as gamma lineage classical swine H1N1 viruses, demonstrating the importance of this residue for antibody recognition of this H1 lineage. When analyzed in the ferret model, A/Ohio/09/2015 and another H1N1v virus, A/Iowa/39/2015, as well as A/California/07/2009, replicated efficiently in the respiratory tract of ferrets. The two H1N1v viruses transmitted efficiently among cohoused ferrets, but respiratory droplet transmission studies showed that A/California/07/2009 transmitted through the air more efficiently. Preexisting immunity to A/California/07/2009 did not fully protect ferrets from challenge with A/Ohio/09/2015.IMPORTANCE Human infections with classical swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses that circulate in pigs continue to occur in the United States following exposure to swine. To understand the genetic and virologic characteristics of a virus (A/Ohio/09/2015) associated with a fatal infection and a virus associated with a nonfatal infection (A/Iowa/39/2015), we performed genome sequence analysis, antigenic testing, and pathogenicity and transmission studies in a ferret model. Reverse genetics was employed to identify a single antigenic site substitution (HA G155E) responsible for antigenic variation of A/Ohio/09/2015 compared to related classical swine influenza A(H1N1) viruses. Ferrets with preexisting immunity to the pandemic A(H1N1) virus were challenged with A/Ohio/09/2015, demonstrating decreased protection. These data illustrate the potential for currently circulating swine influenza viruses to infect and cause illness in humans with preexisting immunity to H1N1 pandemic 2009 viruses and a need for ongoing risk assessment and development of candidate vaccine viruses for improved pandemic preparedness.
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6
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The high frequency of non-aspartic acid residues at HA222 in influenza A(H1N1) 2009 pandemic viruses is associated with mortality during the upsurge of 2015: a molecular and epidemiological study from central India. Epidemiol Infect 2017; 145:2656-2665. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268817001595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYInfluenza A(H1N1) viruses of the 2009 pandemic (A(H1N1)pdm09) continue to cause outbreaks in the post-pandemic period. During January to May 2015, an upsurge of influenza was recorded that resulted in high fatality in central India. Genetic lineage, mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene and infection by quasi-species are reported to affect disease severity. The objective of this study is to present the molecular and epidemiological trends during the 2015 influenza outbreak in central India. All the referred samples were subjected to qRT–PCR for diagnosis. HA gene sequencing (23 survivors and 24 non-survivors) and cloning were performed and analyzed using Molecular Evolutionary Genomic Analyzer (MEGA 5·05). Of the 3625 tested samples, 1607 (44·3%) were positive for influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, of which 228 (14·2%) individuals succumbed to death. A significant trend was observed in positivity (P = 0·003) and mortality (P < 0·0001) with increasing age. The circulating A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was characterized as belonging to clade-6B. Clinically significant mutations were detected. Patients infected with the quasi-species of the virus had a greater risk of death (P = 0·009). This study proposes a robust molecular and clinical surveillance program for the detection and characterization of the virus, along with prompt treatment protocols to prevent outbreaks.
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Houghton R, Ellis J, Galiano M, Clark TW, Wyllie S. Haemagglutinin and neuraminidase sequencing delineate nosocomial influenza outbreaks with accuracy equivalent to whole genome sequencing. J Infect 2017; 74:377-384. [PMID: 28104386 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2016.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We describe haemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) sequencing in an apparent cross-site influenza A(H1N1) outbreak in renal transplant and haemodialysis patients, confirmed with whole genome sequencing (WGS). METHODS Isolates were sequenced from influenza positive individuals. Phylogenetic trees were constructed using HA and NA sequencing and subsequently WGS. Sequence data was analysed to determine genetic relatedness of viruses obtained from inpatient and outpatient cohorts and compared with epidemiological outbreak information. RESULTS There were 6 patient cases of influenza in the inpatient renal ward cohort (associated with 3 deaths) and 9 patient cases in the outpatient haemodialysis unit cohort (no deaths). WGS confirmed clustered transmission of two genetically different influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 strains initially identified by analysis of HA and NA genes. WGS took longer, and in this case was not required to determine whether or not the two seemingly linked outbreaks were related. CONCLUSION Rapid sequencing of HA and NA genes may be sufficient to aid early influenza outbreak investigation making it appealing for future outbreak investigation. However, as next generation sequencing becomes cheaper and more widely available and bioinformatics software is now freely accessible next generation whole genome analysis may increasingly become a valuable tool for real-time Influenza outbreak investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Houghton
- Department of Infection, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Public Health England Laboratory, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK.
| | - Joanna Ellis
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Public Health England, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Monica Galiano
- Respiratory Virus Unit, Public Health England, London, NW9 5EQ, UK
| | - Tristan W Clark
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton and NIHR Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Southampton, England, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Sarah Wyllie
- Microbiology Department, Queen Alexandra Hospital, Portsmouth, England, PO6 3LY, UK
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Tewawong N, Prachayangprecha S, Vichiwattana P, Korkong S, Klinfueng S, Vongpunsawad S, Thongmee T, Theamboonlers A, Poovorawan Y. Assessing Antigenic Drift of Seasonal Influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 Viruses. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139958. [PMID: 26440103 PMCID: PMC4594909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Under selective pressure from the host immune system, antigenic epitopes of influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) have continually evolved to escape antibody recognition, termed antigenic drift. We analyzed the genomes of influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 virus strains circulating in Thailand between 2010 and 2014 and assessed how well the yearly vaccine strains recommended for the southern hemisphere matched them. We amplified and sequenced the HA gene of 120 A(H3N2) and 81 A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus samples obtained from respiratory specimens and calculated the perfect-match vaccine efficacy using the pepitope model, which quantitated the antigenic drift in the dominant epitope of HA. Phylogenetic analysis of the A(H3N2) HA1 genes classified most strains into genetic clades 1, 3A, 3B, and 3C. The A(H3N2) strains from the 2013 and 2014 seasons showed very low to moderate vaccine efficacy and demonstrated antigenic drift from epitopes C and A to epitope B. Meanwhile, most A(H1N1)pdm09 strains from the 2012–2014 seasons belonged to genetic clades 6A, 6B, and 6C and displayed the dominant epitope mutations at epitopes B and E. Finally, the vaccine efficacy for A(H1N1)pdm09 (79.6–93.4%) was generally higher than that of A(H3N2). These findings further confirmed the accelerating antigenic drift of the circulating influenza A(H3N2) in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipaporn Tewawong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Slinporn Prachayangprecha
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Preeyaporn Vichiwattana
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sumeth Korkong
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sirapa Klinfueng
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sompong Vongpunsawad
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanunrat Thongmee
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Apiradee Theamboonlers
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Yong Poovorawan
- Center of Excellence in Clinical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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