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Nazarnezhad MA, Barazesh M, Kavousipour S, Mohammadi S, Eftekhar E, Jalili S. The Computational Analysis of Single Nucleotide Associated with MicroRNA Affecting Hepatitis B Infection. Microrna 2022; 11:139-162. [PMID: 35579134 DOI: 10.2174/2211536611666220509103724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a pivotal role in Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection and its complications by targeting the cellular transcription factors required for gene expression or directly binding to HBV transcripts. Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in miRNA genes affect their expression and the regulation of target genes, clinical course, diagnosis, and therapeutic interventions of HBV infection. METHODS Computational assessment and cataloging of miRNA gene polymorphisms targeting mRNA transcripts straightly or indirectly through the regulation of hepatitis B infection by annotating the functional impact of SNPs on mRNA-miRNA and miRNA-RBS (miRNA binding sites) interaction were screened by applying various universally available datasets such as the miRNA SNP3.0 software. RESULTS 2987 SNPs were detected in 139 miRNAs affecting hepatitis B infection. Among them, 313 SNPs were predicted to have a significant role in the progression of hepatitis B infection. The computational analysis also revealed that 45 out of the 313 SNPs were located in the seed region and were more important than others. Has-miR-139-3p had the largest number of SNPs in the seed region (n=6). On the other hand, proteoglycans in cancer, adherens junction, lysine degradation, NFkappa B signaling cascade, ECM-receptor binding, viral carcinogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, TGF-beta signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, immune evasion related pathways, and fatty acid biosynthesis were the most important pathways affected by these 139 miRNAs. CONCLUSION The results revealed 45 SNPs in the seed region of 25 miRNAs as the catalog in miRNA genes that regulated the hepatitis B infection. The results also showed the most important pathways regulated by these miRNAs that can be targeted for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirza Ali Nazarnezhad
- Infectious and Tropical Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Mahdi Barazesh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
| | - Soudabeh Kavousipour
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Shiva Mohammadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Eftekhar
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas 7919915519, Iran
| | - Sajad Jalili
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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2
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Ma R, Zhao M, Zou X, Zhou J, Bai Z. MicroRNA polymorphism: A target for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma? Oncol Lett 2021; 21:324. [PMID: 33692856 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2021.12586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-threatening cancer of the digestive system, with complex pathogenesis affected by a broad spectrum of genetic and epigenetic factors. Among several factors, microRNAs (miRNAs), which are considered regulators of the post-transcriptional gene expression, play important roles in determining the malignant phenotype of HCC. In recent years, the advances in molecular genetics have resulted in the characterization of complex genetic factors and in the identification of epigenetic mechanisms of diseases. Accumulating data have suggested that miRNA polymorphisms are involved in tumorigenesis and prognosis, suggesting that the miRNAs may serve as a target for HCC with regard to pathogenesis and prognosis. In the present review, a comprehensive and detailed literature search was conducted and the role of miRNA polymorphisms in the pathogenesis and prognosis of HCC is summarized. The data proposed the use of miRNAs as targets for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixia Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,The General Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Maomao Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,The General Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Xin Zou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,The General Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Jianye Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Stomatology of State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
| | - Zhongtian Bai
- The First Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China.,The General Surgery Department, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, P.R. China
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3
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Zhang Z, Wang C, Liu Z, Zou G, Li J, Lu M. Host Genetic Determinants of Hepatitis B Virus Infection. Front Genet 2019; 10:696. [PMID: 31475028 PMCID: PMC6702792 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is still a major health problem worldwide. Recently, a great number of genetic studies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and genome-wide association studies have been performed to search for host determinants of the development of chronic HBV infection, clinical outcomes, therapeutic efficacy, and responses to hepatitis B vaccines, with a focus on human leukocyte antigens (HLA), cytokine genes, and toll-like receptors. In addition to SNPs, gene insertions/deletions and copy number variants are associated with infection. However, conflicting results have been obtained. In the present review, we summarize the current state of research on host genetic factors and chronic HBV infection, its clinical type, therapies, and hepatitis B vaccine responses and classify published results according to their reliability. The potential roles of host genetic determinants of chronic HBV infection identified in these studies and their clinical significance are discussed. In particular, HLAs were relevant for HBV infection and pathogenesis. Finally, we highlight the need for additional studies with large sample sizes, well-matched study designs, appropriate statistical methods, and validation in multiple populations to improve the treatment of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhua Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Changtai Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Affiliated Anqing Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Anqing, China
| | - Zhongping Liu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guizhou Zou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mengji Lu
- Institute of Virology, University Hospital of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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4
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Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Asgharzade S, Alghasi A, Saeedi-Boroujeni A, Adnani Sadati SJ, Moradi MT. MicroRNA-122 in patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis B virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastrointest Oncol 2019; 10:789-796. [PMID: 31392060 DOI: 10.21037/jgo.2019.02.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is known as a serious problem in the domain of public health and approximately 350 million people across the world are affected with this infectious disease. As well, microRNAs are recognized as a type of small non-coding RNAs that can be widely used as a diagnostic biomarker and prognosis method of special diseases. In this respect, microRNA-122 or miR-122 can play a significant role in the pathogenesis of several hepatic diseases. Given the importance of microRNA-122 in the liver as well as its pathology, this study focused on the potential functions of microRNA-122 in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of HBV infection. In this regard, the findings of previous studies had indicated that expression of microRNA-122 in patients with HBV infection could be significantly deregulated. The results of this study were consistent with the idea that diagnosis and treatment of this infectious disease using microRNA-122 could be an efficient method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mahmoudian-Sani
- Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Samira Asgharzade
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Arash Alghasi
- Research Center of Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Jafar Adnani Sadati
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Moradi
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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5
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in miR-122 Are Associated with the Risk of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Southern Chinese Population. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:1540201. [PMID: 30662901 PMCID: PMC6313975 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1540201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in microRNA may affect its expression and regulation of target genes, which may consequently alter individual susceptibility to cancer. In this study we aimed to investigate associations between miR-122 polymorphisms and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in a southern Chinese population. Three selected SNPs in miR-122 (rs9966765, rs1135519, and rs17669) were genotyped in 1050 HCC patients and 1079 cancer-free controls using Sequenom MassARRAY platform and the associations of the three SNPs and HCC risk were evaluated. We found that individuals with the rs1135519 CC genotypes had a significant increased risk of HCC than those with TT genotypes (adjusted OR=2.71, 95% CI=1.15-6.36, and P=0.022), while the rs9966765 CC genotypes showed a borderline significant association with increased risk of HCC when compared with the GG genotypes (adjusted OR=2.38, 95% CI=0.99-5.75, and P=0.052). There was also a significant increased risk of HCC when combining risk genotypes of these loci, i.e., rs1135519 CC and rs9966765 CC. Compared with the low-risk group (0 risk genotype), the high risk group (1-2 risk genotypes) had significantly increased risk of HCC (OR=1.61, 95% CI=1.05-2.44, and P=0.028). Further genotype-expression analysis revealed that cases carrying the CC genotype of rs1135519 had lower levels of miR-122 expression than those with the TT genotype. Our results suggest that SNP of rs1135519 modulates miR-122 expression and contributes to the genetic susceptibility of HCC, either independently or together with rs9966765 in miR-122. Further well-designed studies with lager sample sizes are needed to confirm our findings.
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6
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Comprehensive assessment for miRNA polymorphisms in hepatocellular cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Biosci Rep 2018; 38:BSR20180712. [PMID: 29976775 PMCID: PMC6153371 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20180712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNA polymorphisms had potential to be biomarkers for hepatocellular cancer (HCC) susceptibility. Recently, miRNA single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were reported to be associated with HCC risk, but the results were inconsistent. We performed a systematic review with a meta-analysis for the association of miRNA SNPs with HCC risk. Thirty-seven studies were included with a total of 11821 HCC patients and 15359 controls in this meta-analysis. We found hsa-mir-146a rs2910164 was associated with a decreased HCC risk in the recessive model (P=0.017, OR = 0.90, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.83–0.98). While hsa-mir-34b/c rs4938723 was related with an increased HCC risk in the co-dominant model (P=0.016, odds ratio (OR) = 1.19, 95%CI = 1.03–1.37). When analyzing the Hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC risk, hsa-mir-196a-2 rs11614913 was associated with a decreased HBV-related HCC risk in the co-dominant and allelic models. And hsa-mir-149 rs2292832 was found to be associated with a decreased HBV-related HCC risk in the dominant and recessive models. In conclusion, hsa-mir-146a rs2910164 and hsa-mir-34b/c rs4938723 could be biomarkers for the HCC risk while hsa-mir-196a-2 rs11614913 and hsa-mir-149 rs2292832 had potential to be biomarkers for HBV-related HCC risk.
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7
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Ellwanger JH, Zambra FMB, Guimarães RL, Chies JAB. MicroRNA-Related Polymorphisms in Infectious Diseases-Tiny Changes With a Huge Impact on Viral Infections and Potential Clinical Applications. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1316. [PMID: 29963045 PMCID: PMC6010531 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded sequences of non-coding RNA with approximately 22 nucleotides that act posttranscriptionally on gene expression. miRNAs are important gene regulators in physiological contexts, but they also impact the pathogenesis of various diseases. The role of miRNAs in viral infections has been explored by different authors in both population-based as well as in functional studies. However, the effect of miRNA polymorphisms on the susceptibility to viral infections and on the clinical course of these diseases is still an emerging topic. Thus, this review will compile and organize the findings described in studies that evaluated the effects of genetic variations on miRNA genes and on their binding sites, in the context of human viral diseases. In addition to discussing the basic aspects of miRNAs biology, we will cover the studies that investigated miRNA polymorphisms in infections caused by hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, Epstein–Barr virus, and human papillomavirus. Finally, emerging topics concerning the importance of miRNA genetic variants will be presented, focusing on the context of viral infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Henrique Ellwanger
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Francis Maria Báo Zambra
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lima Guimarães
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,Laboratório de Imunopatologia Keizo Asami (LIKA), Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - José Artur Bogo Chies
- Laboratório de Imunobiologia e Imunogenética, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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8
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Wu W, Zeng Y, Lin J, Wu Y, Chen T, Xun Z, Ou Q. Genetic variants in NTCP exon gene are associated with HBV infection status in a Chinese Han population. Hepatol Res 2018; 48:364-372. [PMID: 29205714 DOI: 10.1111/hepr.13007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Sodium taurocholate co-transporting polypeptide (NTCP) plays an important role in the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids. Recently, NTCP was identified as a hepatitis B virus (HBV) receptor. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of NTCP polymorphisms with HBV clinical outcomes and investigate the relationship between NTCP polymorphisms and the serum bile acid level in a Chinese Han population. METHODS The single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2296651 and rs4646285 were genotyped in 1619 Chinese Han individuals. Improved multiple ligase detection reaction was utilized to genotype. The level of bile acids was measured by the enzymatic cycling method. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was carried out to analyze the potential function. RESULTS In logistic regression analysis, the frequency of rs2296651 (S267F) CT genotype was higher in HBV immune recovery and healthy control groups than in the chronic HBV infection group (P = 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). Patients who carried allele T showed a higher bile acid level than patients who did not carry allele T (P = 0.009). The rs4646285 AA genotype was more common in the immune recovery group than in the chronic HBV infection group (P = 0.011). No difference in serum bile acid was detected between the rs4646285 wild-type patients and mutant-type patients. Quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed the NTCP mRNA levels were lower in rs4646285 variants than wild types. CONCLUSION NTCP gene polymorphisms may be associated with the natural course of HBV infection in a Chinese Han population. The S267F variant may be a protective factor to resist chronic hepatitis B progression which showed a higher bile acid level in Chinese Han chronic HBV infection patients. The rs4646285 variants could influence the expression of NTCP at the level of transcription, and ultimately may be associated with HBV infection immune recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wennan Wu
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinpiao Lin
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tianbin Chen
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhen Xun
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Qishui Ou
- First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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9
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Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a small RNA species without protein-coding potential. However, they are key modulators of protein translation. Many studies have linked miRNAs with cancer initiation, progression, diagnosis, and prognosis, and recent studies have also linked them with cancer etiology and susceptibility, especially through single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This review discusses some of the recent advances in miRNA-SNP literature-including SNPs in miRNA genes, miRNA target sites, and the processing machinery. In addition, we highlight some emerging areas of interest, including isomiRs and non-3'UTR focused miRNA-binding mechanisms that could provide further novel insight into the relationship between miR-SNPs and cancer. Finally, we note that additional epidemiological and experimental research is needed to close the gap in our understanding of the genotype-phenotype relationship between miRNA-SNPs and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bríd M Ryan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, United States.
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10
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Fiorino S, Bacchi-Reggiani ML, Visani M, Acquaviva G, Fornelli A, Masetti M, Tura A, Grizzi F, Zanello M, Mastrangelo L, Lombardi R, Di Tommaso L, Bondi A, Sabbatani S, Domanico A, Fabbri C, Leandri P, Pession A, Jovine E, de Biase D. MicroRNAs as possible biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis of hepatitis B- and C-related-hepatocellular-carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:3907-3936. [PMID: 27099435 PMCID: PMC4823242 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i15.3907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/05/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim of the present review is to summarize the current knowledge about the potential relationship between miRNAs and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-hepatitis C virus (HCV) related liver diseases. A systematic computer-based search of published articles, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis Statement, was performed to identify relevant studies on usefulness of serum/plasma/urine miRNAs, as noninvasive biomarkers for early detection of HBV and HCV-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, as well as for its prognostic evaluation. The used Medical Subject Headings terms and keywords were: “HBV”, “HCV”, “hepatocellular carcinoma”, “microRNAs”, “miRNAs”, “diagnosis”, “prognosis”, “therapy”, “treatment”. Some serum/plasma miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-122, mi-125a/b, miR-199a/b, miR-221, miR-222, miR-223, miR-224 might serve as biomarkers for early diagnosis/prognosis of HCC, but, to date, not definitive results or well-defined panels of miRNAs have been obtained. More well-designed studies, focusing on populations of different geographical areas and involving larger series of patients, should be carried out to improve our knowledge on the potential role of miRNAs for HCC early detection and prognosis.
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11
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He S, Zhang DC, Wei C. MicroRNAs as biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma diagnosis and prognosis. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2015; 39:426-34. [PMID: 25746139 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2015.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer in the world, and it is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Despite improvements in HCC therapy, the overall survival rate is still very low because of the late detection of the tumors. Thus, early detection of HCC offers the best chance of survival for patients. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are evolutionarily conserved small noncoding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression and protein translation. Many studies have shown that they played a very important role in cancer progresses and outcomes. The aberrant expression of miRNAs is common in various human malignancies and it modulates cancer-associated genomic regions or fragile sites. As for the relationship between miRNAs and HCC, several studies have demonstrated that the aberrant expression of specific miRNAs can be detected in HCC patients' serum and plasma or HCC cells and tissues, and miRNAs have shown great promise as diagnostic and prognostic markers for HCC. In the present review, we discussed the applications of miRNAs as biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and prognosis, and the association between miRNAs polymorphisms and the risk of HCC as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song He
- Maanshan Center for Clinical Laboratory, Maanshan Municipal Hospital Group, 45, Hubei Road, 243000 Maanshan, China.
| | - De-Chun Zhang
- Molecular Medicine & Tumor Research Center, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cheng Wei
- Maanshan Center for Clinical Laboratory, Maanshan Municipal Hospital Group, 45, Hubei Road, 243000 Maanshan, China
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