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Trindade FDTB, Ramos ESF, Lobo PS, Cardoso JF, Penha Júnior ET, Bezerra DAM, Neves MAO, Andrade JAA, Moraes Silva MC, Mascarenhas JDP, Guerra SFS, Soares LS. Epidemiologic and Clinical Characteristics of Human Bocavirus Infection in Children with or without Acute Gastroenteritis in Acre, Northern Brazil. Viruses 2023; 15:v15041024. [PMID: 37113004 PMCID: PMC10143463 DOI: 10.3390/v15041024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human bocavirus (HBoV) is an emerging virus detected around the world that may be associated with cases of acute gastroenteritis (AGE). However, its contribution to AGE has not been elucidated. This study aimed to describe the frequency, clinical features, and HBoV species circulation in children up to 5 years with or without AGE symptoms in Acre, Northern Brazil. A total of 480 stool samples were collected between January and December 2012. Fecal samples were used for extraction, nested PCR amplification, and sequencing for genotyping. Statistical analysis was applied to verify the association between epidemiological and clinical characteristics. Overall, HBoV-positivity was 10% (48/480), with HBoV-positive rates of 8.4% (19/226) and 11.4% (29/254) recorded in diarrheic and non-diarrheic children, respectively. The most affected children were in the age group ranging between 7 and 24 months (50%). HBoV infection was more frequent in children who live in urban areas (85.4%), use water from public networks (56.2%), and live with adequate sewage facilities (50%). Co-detection with other enteric viruses was 16.7% (8/48) and the most prevalent coinfection was RVA+ HBoV (50%, 4/8). HBoV-1 was the most frequent species detected in diarrheic and non-diarrheic children, responsible for 43.8% (21/48) of cases, followed by HBoV-3 (29.2%, 14/48) and HBoV-2 (25%, 12/48). In this study, HBoV infection was not always associated with AGE, as most HBoV cases belonged to the non-diarrheal group. Future studies are warranted in order to determine the role of HBoV in causing acute diarrhea disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábyla D' Tácia Brito Trindade
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Health Surveillance, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Endrya Socorro Foro Ramos
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Santos Lobo
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Jedson Ferreira Cardoso
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo Tavares Penha Júnior
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Delana Andreza Melo Bezerra
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Mayara Annanda Oliveira Neves
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | | | - Monica Cristina Moraes Silva
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc Pereira Mascarenhas
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Sylvia Fátima Santos Guerra
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
| | - Luana Silva Soares
- Seção de Virologia, Instituto Evandro Chagas, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente-IEC/SVSA/MS, Ananindeua 67030-000, PA, Brazil
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Kabayiza JC, Nilsson S, Andersson M. Rotavirus infections and their genotype distribution in Rwanda before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccination. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284934. [PMID: 37098095 PMCID: PMC10128998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus vaccination has reduced mortality and hospital admissions due to rotavirus diarrhoea, but its effect on rotavirus infections and the impact of rotavirus genotypes are still unclear. Real-time PCR was used to detect rotavirus and other pathogens in faeces samples from children below five years of age with acute diarrhoea, collected before (n = 827) and after (n = 807, 92% vaccinated) the introduction of vaccination in Rwanda in 2012. Rotavirus was genotyped by targeting VP7 to identify G1, G2, G3, G4, G9 and G12 and VP4 to identify P[4], P[6] and P[8]. In vaccinated children, rotavirus infections were rarer (34% vs. 47%) below 12 months of age, severe dehydration was less frequent, and rotavirus was more often found as a co-infecting agent. (79% vs 67%, p = 0.004). Norovirus genogroup II, astrovirus, and sapovirus were significantly more often detected in vaccinated children. The predominant rotavirus genotypes were G2P[4] and G12P[6] in 2009-2010 (50% and 12%), G9P[8] and G1P[8] in 2011-2012 (51% and 22%), and G12P[8] in 2014-2015 (63%). Rotavirus vaccination in Rwanda has reduced the severity of rotavirus gastroenteritis and rotavirus infection frequency during the first year of life. Rotavirus infections were frequent in vaccinated children with diarrhoea, often as co-pathogen. Rotavirus genotype changes might be unrelated to vaccination because shifts were observed also before its introduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Kabayiza
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
- Department of Paediatrics, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - Staffan Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Maria Andersson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Olivares AIO, Leitão GAA, Pimenta YC, Cantelli CP, Fumian TM, Fialho AM, da Silva E Mouta S, Delgado IF, Nordgren J, Svensson L, Miagostovich MP, Leite JPG, de Moraes MTB. Epidemiology of enteric virus infections in children living in the Amazon region. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 108:494-502. [PMID: 34052409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To verify the frequency of viruses causing acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in association with the histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) and Rotarix™ vaccination coverage in children from the Amazon region. DESIGN Fecal and saliva samples were collected from children with AGE (n = 485) and acute respiratory infection (ARI) (n = 249) clinical symptoms. Rotavirus A (RVA), norovirus, human adenovirus (HAdV), and sapovirus (SaV) were verified in feces by molecular detection. Saliva samples were used for HBGA phenotyping/FUT3 genotyping. Blood group types, clinical aspects and Rotarix™ RVA vaccination data were recorded. RESULTS Norovirus remained the most prevalently detected cause of AGE (38%, 184/485 and ARI 21.3%, 53/249). High HAdV frequencies were observed in AGE children (28.6%, 139/485) and ARI children (37.3%, 93/249). RVA was the third most prevalent virus causing AGE (22.7%, 110/485 and ARI 19.3%, 48/249) and a low RV1 coverage (61%, 448/734) was verified. The SaV frequencies were lower (7.2%, 35/485 for AGE and 6.8%, 17/249 for ARI). Secretor children were HBGA susceptible to HAdV infection (OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.3; P = 0.04) but not to RVA, norovirus or SaV infection. CONCLUSIONS Norovirus could be considered the main etiological agent of AGE. No association was verified for HBGA susceptibility to RVA, norovirus and SaV. Secretor children showed a slight susceptibility to HAdV infection and the Le (a-b-) heterogeneous SNPs on the FUT3 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Ignacio Olivares Olivares
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Parasite Biology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Azevedo Alves Leitão
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Yan Cardoso Pimenta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; Post-Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carina Pacheco Cantelli
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Madi Fialho
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Sergio da Silva E Mouta
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabella Fernandes Delgado
- Post-Graduate Program in Sanitary Surveillance, National Institute for Quality Control in Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Johan Nordgren
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Lennart Svensson
- Division of Molecular Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marcia Terezinha Baroni de Moraes
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Fiocruz, Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Rakau KG, Nyaga MM, Gededzha MP, Mwenda JM, Mphahlele MJ, Seheri LM, Steele AD. Genetic characterization of G12P[6] and G12P[8] rotavirus strains collected in six African countries between 2010 and 2014. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:107. [PMID: 33482744 PMCID: PMC7821174 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-020-05745-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND G12 rotaviruses were first observed in sub-Saharan Africa in 2004 and since then have continued to emerge and spread across the continent and are reported as a significant human rotavirus genotype in several African countries, both prior to and after rotavirus vaccine introduction. This study investigated the genetic variability of 15 G12 rotavirus strains associated with either P[6] or P[8] identified between 2010 and 2014 from Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Togo and Zambia. METHODS The investigation was carried out by comparing partial VP7 and partial VP4 sequences of the African G12P[6] and G12P[8] strains with the available GenBank sequences and exploring the recognized neutralization epitopes of these strains. Additionally, Bayesian evolutionary analysis was carried out using Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) implemented in BEAST to estimate the time to the most recent ancestor and evolutionary rate for these G12 rotavirus strains. RESULTS The findings suggested that the VP7 and VP4 nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the G12 strains circulating in African countries are closely related, irrespective of country of origin and year of detection, with the exception of the Ethiopian strains that clustered distinctly. Neutralization epitope analysis revealed that rotavirus VP4 P[8] genes associated with G12 had amino acid sequences similar to those reported globally including the vaccine strains in RotaTeq and Rotarix. The estimated evolutionary rate of the G12 strains was 1.016 × 10- 3 substitutions/site/year and was comparable to what has been previously reported. Three sub-clusters formed within the current circulating lineage III shows the diversification of G12 from three independent ancestries within a similar time frame in the late 1990s. CONCLUSIONS At present it appears to be unlikely that widespread vaccine use has driven the molecular evolution and sustainability of G12 strains in Africa. Continuous monitoring of rotavirus genotypes is recommended to assess the long-term impact of rotavirus vaccination on the dynamic nature of rotavirus evolution on the continent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kebareng G Rakau
- Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, WHO AFRO Rotavirus Regional Reference Laboratory, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Martin M Nyaga
- Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, WHO AFRO Rotavirus Regional Reference Laboratory, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Department of Medical Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Maemu P Gededzha
- Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, WHO AFRO Rotavirus Regional Reference Laboratory, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,National Health Laboratory Service, Department of Molecular Medicine and Haematology, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jason M Mwenda
- African Rotavirus Surveillance Network, Immunization, Vaccines and Development Cluster, WHO African Regional Office, Brazzaville, Congo
| | - M Jeffrey Mphahlele
- Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, WHO AFRO Rotavirus Regional Reference Laboratory, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council, Soutpansberg Road, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - L Mapaseka Seheri
- Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, WHO AFRO Rotavirus Regional Reference Laboratory, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - A Duncan Steele
- Diarrhoeal Pathogens Research Unit, Department of Virology, WHO AFRO Rotavirus Regional Reference Laboratory, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Pretoria, South Africa. .,Present address: Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases, Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
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Oishi T, Matsunaga M, Nakano T, Sudo S, Kuwajima H, Tokuriki S, Study SR. Occurrence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in children younger than three years of age before and after the introduction of rotavirus vaccine: a prospective observational study in four pediatric clinics in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2020; 16:2495-2501. [PMID: 32609565 PMCID: PMC7644216 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2020.1720435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In Japan, rotavirus (RV) vaccines have already been introduced but not used for universal vaccination as of 2018. Therefore, we identified cases of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE) in children younger than three years of age and investigated the occurrence of infection before and after the introduction of RV vaccines. An ecological study through prospective surveillance was conducted in four pediatric clinics in Shibata City, Niigata Prefecture, Japan, during the 2011 to 2018 RVGE epidemic seasons. We divided the study period into three eras: pre-vaccine introduction era (2011), low-mid coverage transitional era (2012 to 2014, RV vaccine coverage rate: 32.9–56.5%), and high coverage plateau era (2015 to 2018, 67.7–81.7%). In this study, the incidence rate of severe RVGE was significantly lower in the plateau era than in the pre-vaccine introduction and transitional eras. Furthermore, the hospitalization rate due to RVGE in Shibata City was lower in the plateau era than in the pre-vaccination introduction and transitional eras. The number of hospitalizations due to RVGE in subjects who required or did not require intravenous rehydration at the pediatric clinics significantly decreased with the increase in vaccine coverage rates by more than 70% in the plateau era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohiro Oishi
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki Medical School , Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Masamichi Matsunaga
- Pediatric Department, Niigata Prefectural Shibata Hospital , Shibata City, Japan
| | - Tokushi Nakano
- Pediatric Department, Nakano Children's Clinic , Shibata City, Japan
| | - Shoji Sudo
- Pediatric Department, Sudo Pediatric Clinic , Shibata City, Japan
| | | | - Shuko Tokuriki
- Pediatric Department, Twin Smile Clinic , Shibata City, Japan
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Damtie D, Melku M, Tessema B, Vlasova AN. Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Rotaviruses among under-Five Children in Ethiopia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Viruses 2020; 12:E62. [PMID: 31947826 PMCID: PMC7019712 DOI: 10.3390/v12010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus infection is the major cause of acute gastroenteritis among children globally. Sub-Saharan Africa including Ethiopia is disproportionally affected by the disease. The aims of this review were to determine the pooled prevalence of rotavirus infection among children under-five and to identify the dominant rotavirus genotypes in Ethiopia. Twelve studies were included to estimate the pooled prevalence of rotavirus acute gastroenteritis and five studies were used to determine predominantly circulating genotypes of rotavirus. The pooled prevalence of rotavirus infection was 23% (95% CI = 22%-24%). G3 (27.1%) and P[8] (49%) were the dominant G and P types, respectively. The G8 G-type uncommon in humans but highly prevalent in cattle was also reported accounting for 1% of all cases. The major G/P combinations were G12P[8] (15.4%), G3P[6] (14.2%), G1P[8] (13.6%) and G3P[8] (12.9%) collectively accounting for 56.1% of rotavirus strains. Similar to other parts of the world, the dominance of G1, G3, P[6] and P[8] genotypes was noted in Ethiopia. The increased prevalence of G12P[8] strains observed in Ethiopia was similar to observations in other geographic regions in the post-vaccine introduction period. Thus, further studies are required on the vaccine effectiveness, genotype distribution and inter-species transmission potential of rotaviruses in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debasu Damtie
- Department of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
| | - Mulugeta Melku
- Department of Hematology and Immunohematology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;
| | - Belay Tessema
- Department of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical and Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia;
| | - Anastasia N. Vlasova
- Food Animal Health Research Program, CFAES, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 44691, USA
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Degiuseppe JI, Stupka JA. Genotype distribution of Group A rotavirus in children before and after massive vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean: Systematic review. Vaccine 2019; 38:733-740. [PMID: 31771863 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the last decade, most of Latin American and the Caribbean (LAC) countries have implemented oral live rotavirus vaccines in their national vaccination programs with remarkable results. However, it has been suggested that massive vaccination could lead to the replacement of circulating genotypes or the emergence of new variants or neutralizing antibodies escape mutants, which may reduce the effectiveness of the vaccine. The objective was to analyze the genetic diversity of Group A rotavirus before and after the introduction of universal vaccination in LAC. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of studies published in PubMed, Scielo and LILACS. There were considered only LAC countries with rotavirus massive vaccination strategy which had described circulating genotypes data in children under 5 years of age, either for surveillance or vaccine effectiveness purposes, from 2001 to 2017. Systematic review stages were carried out following the recommendations of PRISMA. RESULTS Of the 18 countries that included any of the two licensed rotavirus vaccines in their national schedules since 2006, only 7 (~39%) presented studies of RVA genetic diversity before and after implementation, and met the inclusion criteria. Four of them (Argentina, Brazil, Colombia and Nicaragua) experienced a rapid switch from Wa-like to DS-1-like strains. Also, G1P[8] association, considered the most predominant worldwide in the pre-vaccination era, decreased significantly and was only frequently detected in Venezuela and Nicaragua. No defined pattern of emergence at high frequencies of unusual associations was observed in the post vaccination period, except for some evidence of G9P[4] in Colombia, G3P[6] and G1P[4] in Nicaragua. CONCLUSIONS Even though the evidence shows a DS-1-like change trend, data from studies conducted in Latin America and the Caribbean are diverse and still not sufficient to assess the impact of vaccines on viral ecology or if genetic diversity is influenced by natural mechanisms of fluctuation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Ignacio Degiuseppe
- Laboratory of Viral Gastroenteritis, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sársfield 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Juan Andrés Stupka
- Laboratory of Viral Gastroenteritis, INEI-ANLIS "Dr. Carlos G. Malbrán", Avenida Vélez Sársfield 563, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Pankov RC, Gondim RNDG, Prata MMG, Medeiros PHQS, Veras HN, Santos AKS, Havt A, da Silva MFM, Fumian TM, Miagostovich MP, Leite JPG, Lima AAM. Rotavirus A Infections in Community Childhood Diarrhea in the Brazilian Semiarid Region During Postvaccination Era. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2019; 69:e91-e98. [PMID: 31568040 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000002416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus A (RVA) is one of the leading causes of acute gastroenteritis worldwide; however, few studies assessed RVA genetics with community surveillance. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate clinical data, genetic diversity, and coinfection patterns of RVA infections in children from 2 to 36 months old with or without community childhood diarrhea in the Brazilian semiarid region during postvaccination era. METHODS We enrolled and collected socioeconomic/clinical information using a standardized questionnaire and fecal samples from 291 children. Viral RNA samples were extracted and analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction to establish the diagnosis of RVA. Sequencing of VP7 and VP4 (VP8*) regions and phylogenetic analysis were performed. RESULTS RVA-negative diagnosis was associated with children 24 to 36 months old with complete vaccination schedule. Genotype G1P[8] was the most prevalent (57%), whereas unusual genotypes including G1P[4], G2P[8], and G3P[9] were also detected. G1- and P[8]-positive samples showed high degrees of similarity with the vaccine strain. RVA coinfections were frequently observed, and enteroaggregative Escherichia coli was the most prevalent copathogen. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that genotype G1P[8] is the most prevalent strain. VP7 and/or VP8* gene segments arising from RV1 vaccine strain were documented in these children, suggesting shedding or herd vaccination. Moreover, our study indicates full vaccination is important for protection against RVA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafaela C Pankov
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
| | - Rafhaella N D G Gondim
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
| | - Mara M G Prata
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
| | - Pedro H Q S Medeiros
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
| | - Herlice N Veras
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
| | - Ana K S Santos
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
| | - Alexandre Havt
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
| | | | | | | | | | - Aldo A M Lima
- Institute of Biomedicine and Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE
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Roczo-Farkas S, Kirkwood CD, Cowley D, Barnes GL, Bishop RF, Bogdanovic-Sakran N, Boniface K, Donato CM, Bines JE. The Impact of Rotavirus Vaccines on Genotype Diversity: A Comprehensive Analysis of 2 Decades of Australian Surveillance Data. J Infect Dis 2019; 218:546-554. [PMID: 29790933 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiy197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Introduction of rotavirus vaccines into national immunization programs (NIPs) could result in strain selection due to vaccine-induced selective pressure. This study describes the distribution and diversity of rotavirus genotypes before and after rotavirus vaccine introduction into the Australian NIP. State-based vaccine selection facilitated a unique comparison of diversity in RotaTeq and Rotarix vaccine states. Methods From 1995 to 2015, the Australian Rotavirus Surveillance Program conducted genotypic analysis on 13051 rotavirus-positive samples from children <5 years of age, hospitalized with acute gastroenteritis. Rotavirus G and P genotypes were determined using serological and heminested multiplex reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Results G1P[8] was the dominant genotype nationally in the prevaccine era (1995-2006). Following vaccine introduction (2007-2015), greater genotype diversity was observed with fluctuating genotype dominance. Genotype distribution varied based on the vaccine implemented, with G12P[8] dominant in states using RotaTeq, and equine-like G3P[8] and G2P[4] dominant in states and territories using Rotarix. Conclusions The increased diversity and differences in genotype dominance observed in states using RotaTeq (G12P[8]), and in states and territories using Rotarix (equine-like G3P[8] and G2P[4]), suggest that these vaccines exert different immunological pressures that influence the diversity of rotavirus strains circulating in Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susie Roczo-Farkas
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Carl D Kirkwood
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases, Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
| | - Daniel Cowley
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme L Barnes
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville
| | - Ruth F Bishop
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nada Bogdanovic-Sakran
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karen Boniface
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Celeste M Donato
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie E Bines
- Enteric Virus Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Enteric and Diarrheal Diseases, Global Health, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington
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10
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Castro LRP, Calvet FC, Sousa KL, Silva VP, Lobo PS, Penha ET, Guerra SFS, Bezerra DAM, Mascarenhas JDP, Pinheiro HHC, Costa IB, Resque HR, Soares LS. Prevalence of rotavirus and human bocavirus in immunosuppressed individuals after renal transplantation in the Northern Region of Brazil. J Med Virol 2019; 91:2125-2133. [PMID: 31429939 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunosuppressive therapy causes severe impairment of host defense and diarrhea is a frequent complication in renal transplant recipients. This study aimed to describe the occurrence of Rotavirus A (RVA) and Human Bocavirus (HBoV) in fecal samples of immunosuppressed patients submitted to renal transplantation during posttransplant follow-up. A longitudinal study was carried out involving a 25-patient cohort, selected for kidney transplantation. A total of 126 fecal samples were collected between May 2014 and May 2016. Molecular techniques were used to detect and characterize circulating RVA and HBoV genotypes and statistical analysis were applied to verify the association between epidemiological and clinical characteristics. The prevalence of RVA and HBoV was 24% (6/25) and 40% (10/25), respectively. Among RVA and HBoV positive cases, the majority was female; did not conduct water treatment nor had adequate sewage facilities. The most detected genotypes were RVA G3 (62.5%) and HBoV-3 (95%). Phylogenetic analysis of HBoV strains indicated that studied samples were similar to those found in Asian and American countries. The present study point out the circulation of these viral agents among immunosuppressed individuals and these findings will enable the construction of new knowledge and care perspectives on the cause of diarrhea in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luanda R P Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology and Surveillance in Health, Evandro Chagas Institute, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Flávio C Calvet
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Karoline L Sousa
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Victor P Silva
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Patrícia S Lobo
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Edvaldo T Penha
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Sylvia F S Guerra
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Delana A M Bezerra
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Joana D P Mascarenhas
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Helder H C Pinheiro
- Center for Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pará, Belém, Pará, Brazil
| | - Igor B Costa
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Hugo R Resque
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
| | - Luana S Soares
- Laboratory of Rotavirus, Virology Section, Evandro Chagas Institute, Health Surveillance Secretariat, Brazilian Ministry of Health, Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil
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11
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Molecular detection and genotyping of group A rotavirus in two wastewater treatment plants, Iran. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 51:197-203. [PMID: 31407291 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00131-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In different countries especially developing countries, treatment of urban wastewater might be ineffective removal of pathogens such as group A rotavirus. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of rotavirus removal in two wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) in Isfahan, Iran. To meet the study objectives, 96 sewage samples from influent (n = 48) and final effluents (n = 48) were collected by grab sampling. Two different concentration methods included pellet and two-phase used for concentrating sewage samples. The presence of rotavirus antigens in all concentrated sewage samples was screened by enzyme-linked immunosorbent method. To analyze the study samples, real-time PCR technique with SYBR Green I fluorescent dye and nested multiplex PCR for rotavirus genotyping were utilized respectively. Result indicated positive rotavirus percentage in two methods of ELISA and real-time PCR was equal to 61.45% (59 cases) and 44.79% (43 cases). In addition, analyzing seasonal distribution of rotavirus shows different distributions as below: in spring (18.64%), summer (20.33%), autumn (35.60%), and winter (25.42%). Finally, rotaviruses illustrate significantly higher frequency in cold seasons. G10 and G1 types are considered the most, among common genotypes which identified in 11 (25.58%) and 5 (11.62%), out of the 43 positive samples in WWTPs, followed by non-typeable genotypes (13.95%) and mix genotypes (11.62%); and different genotypes including G2, G3, G4, G8, G9, and G12 were equal to 2.33, 9.30, 9.30, 2.33, 7, and 7% in the WWTPs, respectively. Such high prevalence underlines the significance of environmental surveillance. Also, to eliminate potential pathogens especially enteric viruses from sewage, the improvement of treatment systems is essential.
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12
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Emergence of G12P[6] rotavirus strains among hospitalised children with acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Northern Brazil, following introduction of a rotavirus vaccine. Arch Virol 2019; 164:2107-2117. [PMID: 31144039 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04295-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Species A rotavirus still remains a major cause of acute gastroenteritis in infants and young children. Globally, six genotypes (G1P[8], G2P[4], G3P[8], G4P[8], G9P[8] and G12P[8]) account for >90% of circulating strains; however, genotype G12 in combination with P[6] or P[9] has been detected at increasing rates. We sought to broaden our knowledge about the rotavirus strains circulating during the early post-vaccine-introduction period. Stool samples were obtained from children hospitalised for acute gastroenteritis in Belém, Northern Brazil, from May 2008 to May 2011 and examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing. A total of 122 out of the original 1076 rotavirus strains were judged to be non-typeable in the first analysis and were therefore re-examined. G2P[4] was the most prevalent genotype (58.0%), followed by G1P[8] (16.9%), and G12P[6] (7.5%). G12P[6] strains were identified at similar rates during the first (2.5%) and second (3.9%) years, and the rate jumped to 15.6% in the third year. Analysis of VP7 sequences of the G12P[6] strains showed that they belonged to lineage III. In addition, co-circulating G12P[6] strains displaying long and short RNA patterns were found to belong to the Wa-like and DS-1-like constellation, respectively. Additional unusual circulating strains G12P[9] and G3P[9] were also identified. This hospital-based study showed a high prevalence of G12P[6] strains in the third year of surveillance. Our results highlight the need for continuous longitudinal monitoring of circulating rotavirus strains after introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Brazil and elsewhere.
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13
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Pratte-Santos R, Miagostovich MP, Fumian TM, Maciel EL, Martins SA, Cassini ST, Keller R. High prevalence of enteric viruses associated with acute gastroenteritis in pediatric patients in a low-income area in Vitória, Southeastern Brazil. J Med Virol 2019; 91:744-750. [PMID: 30614007 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a significant cause of child mortality worldwide. In Brazil, despite the reduction in infant mortality achieved in recent years, many children still die because of undiagnosed AGE. The prevalence, viral load, and circulating genotypes of rotavirus A (RVA), human adenovirus (HAdV), and norovirus GII (NoV GII) were investigated in children with AGE during 12 months in Vitoria, Espírito Santo, Southeastern Brazil. Enteric viruses were detected in stool samples, quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and compared phylogenetically. The overall prevalence was 93.3% (125/134). Cases of single infection (41.8%) and mixed infection (51.5%) were observed; in 21.6% of cases, all the three viruses were detected. RVA had the highest number of copies in all infections. Phylogenetic analysis revealed predominantly the presence of RVA genotype G3, followed by G2 and G9. HAdV clustered within subgroup C, but some samples harbored subgroups A, D, or F. All sequenced NoV-positive samples clustered within the prevalent genotype GII.4. The high prevalence of RVA, HAdV, and NoV in diarrheal feces clarifies the etiology of AGE in this population, and the presence of RVA in vaccinated children reinforces the importance of monitoring programs to identify the causes of gastroenteritis and contribute to the reliability of diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Pratte-Santos
- Laboratório de Saneamento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marize Pereira Miagostovich
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Túlio Machado Fumian
- Laboratório de Virologia Comparada e Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ethel Leonor Maciel
- Laboratório de Epidemiologia, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Sara Angelino Martins
- Laboratório de Saneamento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Sérvio Túlio Cassini
- Laboratório de Saneamento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Regina Keller
- Laboratório de Saneamento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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14
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Anaya-Molina Y, De La Cruz Hernández SI, Andrés-Dionicio AE, Terán-Vega HL, Méndez-Pérez H, Castro-Escarpulli G, García-Lozano H. A one-step real-time RT-PCR helps to identify mixed rotavirus infections in Mexico. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 92:288-293. [PMID: 30076043 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2018.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviruses continue being the most important pathogens responsible of diarrhea in young children worldwide. Seminested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is used to determine rotavirus genotype; however, this technique employs multistep procedures. The real-time RT-PCR is a fast and reliable tool that can be used as rotavirus genotyping tool, especially in rotavirus outbreaks. In this study, we tested a real-time RT-PCR to identify rotavirus genotype using a panel of 252 samples from patients with diarrheal disease caused by G9P[4] and G12P[8] genotypes, which were identified as emerging rotaviruses in 2 outbreaks in Chiapas, Mexico. Our results show that the real-time RT-PCR assay detected these rotaviruses, and it allowed us to identify mixed genotype infections, G/P combinations, and the viral abundance in some samples in which the seminested assay could not identify them. Therefore, the real-time RT-PCR is a molecular tool that can be great support during rotavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazmin Anaya-Molina
- Laboratorio de Virus Gastrointestinales, Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Francisco de P Miranda 177, Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Álvaro Obregón, CDMX, Mexico; Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Santo Tomás, 11340, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Sergio Isaac De La Cruz Hernández
- Laboratorio de Virus Gastrointestinales, Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Francisco de P Miranda 177, Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Álvaro Obregón, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Atenea Estela Andrés-Dionicio
- Laboratorio de Virus Gastrointestinales, Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Francisco de P Miranda 177, Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Álvaro Obregón, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Heidi Lizbeth Terán-Vega
- Laboratorio de Virus Gastrointestinales, Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Francisco de P Miranda 177, Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Álvaro Obregón, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Héctor Méndez-Pérez
- Laboratorio de Virus Gastrointestinales, Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Francisco de P Miranda 177, Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Álvaro Obregón, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Graciela Castro-Escarpulli
- Laboratorio de Bacteriología Médica, Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Santo Tomás, 11340, Miguel Hidalgo, CDMX, Mexico.
| | - Herlinda García-Lozano
- Laboratorio de Virus Gastrointestinales, Departamento de Virología, Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (InDRE), Francisco de P Miranda 177, Lomas de Plateros, 01480, Álvaro Obregón, CDMX, Mexico.
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15
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Hakim MS, Nirwati H, Aman AT, Soenarto Y, Pan Q. Significance of continuous rotavirus and norovirus surveillance in Indonesia. World J Pediatr 2018; 14:4-12. [PMID: 29446040 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-018-0122-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diarrhea significantly contributes to the global burden of diseases, particularly in developing countries. Rotavirus and norovirus are the most dominant viral agents responsible for diarrheal disease globally. The aim of this review was to conduct a comprehensive assessment of rotavirus and norovirus study in Indonesia. DATA SOURCES Articles about rotavirus and norovirus surveillance in Indonesia were collected from databases, including PubMed and Google Scholar. Manual searching was performed to identify additional studies. Furthermore, relevant articles about norovirus diseases were included. RESULTS A national surveillance of rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis has been conducted for years, resulting in substantial evidence about the high burden of the diseases in Indonesia. In contrast, norovirus infection received relatively lower attention and very limited data are available about the incidence and circulating genotypes. Norovirus causes sporadic and epidemic gastroenteritis globally. It is also emerging as a health problem in immunocompromised individuals. During post-rotavirus vaccination era, norovirus potentially emerges as the most frequent cause of diarrheal diseases. CONCLUSIONS Our review identifies knowledge gaps in Indonesia about the burden of norovirus diseases and the circulating genotypes. Therefore, there is a pressing need to conduct national surveillance to raise awareness of the community and national health authority about the actual burden of norovirus disease in Indonesia. Continuing rotavirus surveillance is also important to assess vaccine effectiveness and to continue tracking any substantial changes of circulating rotavirus genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Saifudin Hakim
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Room Na-1001, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Hera Nirwati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Abu Tholib Aman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Yati Soenarto
- Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, Room Na-1001, 's-Gravendijkwal 230, 3015 CE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Morozova OV, Sashina TA, Epifanova NV, Zverev VV, Kashnikov AU, Novikova NA. Phylogenetic comparison of the VP7, VP4, VP6, and NSP4 genes of rotaviruses isolated from children in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, 2015-2016, with cogent genes of the Rotarix and RotaTeq vaccine strains. Virus Genes 2017; 54:225-235. [PMID: 29236215 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-017-1529-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Group A rotaviruses (RVA) are one of the leading causes of gastroenteritis in young children worldwide. The introduction of universal mass vaccination around the world has contributed to a reduction in hospitalizations and outpatient visits associated with rotavirus infection. Continued surveillance of RVA strains is needed to determine long-term effects of vaccine introduction. In the present work, we carried out the analysis of the genotypic diversity of RVA strains isolated in Nizhny Novgorod (Russia) during the 2015-2016 epidemic season. Also we conducted a comparative analysis of the amino acid sequences of T-cell epitopes of wild-type and vaccine (RotaTeq and Rotarix) strains. In total, 1461 samples were examined. RVAs were detected in 30.4% of cases. Rotaviruses with genotype G9P[8] (40.5%) dominated in the 2015-16 epidemic season. Additionally, RVAs with the following genotypes were detected: G4P[8] (25.4%), G1P[8] (13%), G2P[4] (3.2%). Rotaviruses with genotypes G3P[9], G6P[9], and G1P[9] totaled 3%. The number of partially typed and untyped RVA samples was 66 (14.9%). The findings of a RVA of G6P[9] genotype in Russia were an original observation. Our analysis of VP6 and NSP4 T-cell epitopes showed highly conserved amino acid sequences. The found differences seem not to be caused by the immune pressure but were rather related to the genotypic affiliations of the proteins. Vaccination against rotavirus infection is not included in the national vaccination schedule in Russia. Monitoring of the genotypic and antigenic diversity of contemporary RVA will allow providing a comparative analysis of wild-type strains in areas with and without vaccine campaign.
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Affiliation(s)
- O V Morozova
- I. N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation. .,Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.
| | - T A Sashina
- I. N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - N V Epifanova
- I. N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - V V Zverev
- I. N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - A U Kashnikov
- I. N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
| | - N A Novikova
- I. N. Blokhina Nizhny Novgorod Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.,Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation
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17
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Almeida TNV, de Sousa TT, da Silva RA, Fiaccadori FS, Souza M, Badr KR, de Paula Cardoso DDD. Phylogenetic analysis of G1P[8] and G12P[8] rotavirus A samples obtained in the pre- and post-vaccine periods, and molecular modeling of VP4 and VP7 proteins. Acta Trop 2017; 173:153-159. [PMID: 28606817 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Reduction in morbimortality rates for acute gastroenteritis (AGE) by Rotavirus A (RVA) has been observed after the introduction of vaccines, however the agent continues to circulate. The present study described the genomic characterization of the 11 dsRNA segments of two RVA samples G1P[8] obtained in the pre- and post-vaccination periods and one of G12P[8] sample (post-vaccine), compared to Rotarix™ vaccine. Analysis by molecular sequencing of the samples showed that the three samples belonged to genogroup I. In addition, the analysis of VP7 gene revealed that the samples G1 (pre-vaccine), G1 (post-vaccine) and G12 were characterized as lineages II, I and III, respectively. Regarding to VP4 and NSP4 gene it was observed that all samples belonged to lineage III, whereas for VP6 gene, the sample of the pre- and post-vaccine belonged to the lineage IV and I, respectively. Considering the VP7 gene, it was observed high nucleotide and amino acid identity for the two G1 samples when compared to Rotarix™ vaccine and lesser identity for the G12 sample. In relation to antigenic epitope of VP7 greater modifications were observed for the G12 sample in the 7-2 epitope that was confirmed by molecular modeling. On the other hand, for VP4, some changes in the 8-1 and 8-3 antigenic epitopes was observed for the three samples. This data could be interpreted as a low selective pressure exerted by vaccination in relation to G1P[8] samples and lesser protection in relation to G12P[8]. Thus, the continuous monitoring of RVA circulating samples remains important.
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18
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Nirwati H, Hakim MS, Aminah S, Dwija IBNP, Pan Q, Aman AT. Identification of Rotavirus Strains Causing Diarrhoea in Children under Five Years of Age in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Malays J Med Sci 2017; 24:68-77. [PMID: 28894406 DOI: 10.21315/mjms2017.24.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotavirus is an important cause of severe diarrhoea in children. The aims of this study were to identify the rotavirus strains that cause diarrhoea in children in Yogyakarta and to determine the association between rotavirus positivity and its clinical manifestations. METHODS Clinical data and stool samples were collected from children hospitalised at Kodya Yogyakarta Hospital, Indonesia. Rotavirus was detected in stool samples using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), which was followed by genotyping using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Electropherotyping was performed for the rotavirus-positive samples. RESULTS In total, 104 cases were included in the study, 57 (54.8%) of which were rotavirus-positive. Based on a multiple logistic regression analysis, age group, vomiting and stool mucous were associated with rotavirus positivity. Most of the 56 samples subjected to genotyping were classified as G1 (80.36%) and P[8] (69.64%) genotypes. The genotype combination G1P[8] was identified as the most prevalent strain (66.07%). Of the 19 samples subjected to electropherotyping, 17 G1 isolates and 1 G3 isolate had long patterns, and 1 G1 isolate had a short pattern. CONCLUSION G1P[8] was the most dominant strain of rotavirus causing diarrhoea in children in Yogyakarta. Age group, vomiting and stool mucous were associated with rotavirus positivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hera Nirwati
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mohamad Saifudin Hakim
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sri Aminah
- Department of Pediatric, Kodya Yogyakarta Hospital, 55162 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center and Postgraduate School Molecular Medicine, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Abu Tholib Aman
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, 55281 Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Moussa A, Fredj MBH, BenHamida-Rebaï M, Fodha I, Boujaafar N, Trabelsi A. Phylogenetic analysis of partial VP7 gene of the emerging human group A rotavirus G12 strains circulating in Tunisia. J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:112-118. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Moussa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
- LR14SP02, Epidemiology and Immunogenetics of Human Viral Infections, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mouna Ben Hadj Fredj
- Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, University of Kairouan, 9100 Kairouan, Tunisia
- LR14SP02, Epidemiology and Immunogenetics of Human Viral Infections, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Meriam BenHamida-Rebaï
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
- LR14SP02, Epidemiology and Immunogenetics of Human Viral Infections, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Imene Fodha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
- LR14SP02, Epidemiology and Immunogenetics of Human Viral Infections, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Boujaafar
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Abdelhalim Trabelsi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
- LR14SP02, Epidemiology and Immunogenetics of Human Viral Infections, Laboratory of Microbiology, Sahloul University Hospital, 4054 Sousse, Tunisia
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da Silva MFM, Fumian TM, de Assis RMS, Fialho AM, Carvalho-Costa FA, da Silva Ribeiro de Andrade J, Leite JPG. VP7 and VP8* genetic characterization of group A rotavirus genotype G12P[8]: Emergence and spreading in the Eastern Brazilian coast in 2014. J Med Virol 2016; 89:64-70. [PMID: 27322509 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) genotype G12 is habitually associated with diarrhea disease (DD) in African children and recently its detection has increased worldwide. A total of 970 stool samples collected from individuals with DD in the Northeastern, Southeastern, and Southern Brazilian regions, Eastern coast, were analyzed and 321 (33%) were positive for RVA and of these, 241 (75%) genotyped as G12P[8]. The rate of RVA positivity was higher among children aged 5-10 years old (60%). All RVA infections observed in adults aged >21 years were G12P[8] (n = 27) showing that this genotype affected older age groups during the year of 2014 in Brazil. Phylogenetic analysis of VP7 and VP8* G12P[8] strains demonstrated an elevated similarity among Brazilian and G12-III prototypes strains circulating worldwide recently, suggesting that this lineage is associated with the global spread of the G12 genotype, considered as the 6th most prevalent human RVA genotype nowadays; while other G12 lineages remain sporadically detected and usually detected in association with other P genotypes. VP8* analysis revealed that Brazilian strains belong to P[8]-3 lineage, the single P[8] lineage presently detected in the country. No major nucleotide/amino acid disparities were observed among strains recovered from children and adults for VP7 and VP8* genes. These data are essential to support the surveillance studies, particularly in countries where the RVA vaccine was introduced in their National Immunization Program enabling identification of potential alterations in the epidemiological profile that can impact its efficacy in vaccination programs. J. Med. Virol. 89:64-70, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Figueira Marques da Silva
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Tulio Machado Fumian
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rosane Maria Santos de Assis
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Madi Fialho
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Ribeiro de Andrade
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Paulo Gagliardi Leite
- Laboratory of Comparative and Environmental Virology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Changing distribution of age, clinical severity, and genotypes of rotavirus gastroenteritis in hospitalized children after the introduction of vaccination: a single center study in Seoul between 2011 and 2014. BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:287. [PMID: 27296987 PMCID: PMC4906974 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1623-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore changes in clinical epidemiology and genotype distribution and their association among hospitalized children with rotavirus gastroenteritis after the introduction of vaccines. Methods Between November 2010 and October 2014, hospitalized children with acute gastroenteritis were enrolled. Rotavirus genotypes were confirmed through reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), semi-nested PCR, and sequencing. Clinical information including vaccination status and the modified Vesikari scores were collected. Results Among 179 children with rotavirus infection, nineteen (10.6 %) were completely vaccinated. During the study period, the number of children between three and 23 months of age decreased significantly compared to the number of children older than 24 months of age (P = 0.010), who showed lower diarrhea severity (duration, P = 0.042; frequency, P = 0.021) but higher vomiting severity (P = 0.007, 0.036) compared to the former. Vaccination status was also significantly associated with lower vomiting severity after adjustment for age (frequency only, P = 0.018). The predominant genotypes were G2P[4] (18.4 %), G1P[8] (14.5 %), and G1P[4]P[8] (12.8 %), and the prevalence of genotypes with uncommon and mixed combinations was more than 50 %. Children infected with G2P[4] strains tended to be older (P = 0.005) and had more severe vomiting (P = 0.018, 0.006) than those with G1P[8]. Conclusions Increase in age of infected, hospitalized children was accompanied by change in clinical severity during 2011–2014 after the introduction of vaccines in Seoul. Clinical severity was also associated with vaccination status and genotype. Long-term large scale studies are needed to document the significance of the increase in genotypes of uncommon and mixed combinations. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1623-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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