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Ali MJ, Shah PA, Rehman KU, Kaur S, Holzmayer V, Cloherty GA, Kuhns MC, Lau DTY. Immune-Escape Mutations Are Prevalent among Patients with a Coexistence of HBsAg and Anti-HBs in a Tertiary Liver Center in the United States. Viruses 2024; 16:713. [PMID: 38793596 PMCID: PMC11125813 DOI: 10.3390/v16050713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The concurrent seropositivity of HBsAg and anti-HBs has been described among patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), but its prevalence is variable. HBV S-gene mutations can affect the antigenicity of HBsAg. Patients with mutations in the 'α' determinant region of the S gene can develop severe HBV reactivation under immunosuppression. In this study at a tertiary liver center in the United States, we evaluated the frequency and virological characteristics of the HBsAg mutations among CHB patients with the presence of both HBsAg and anti-HBs. In this cohort, 45 (2.1%) of 2178 patients were identified to have a coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs, and 24 had available sera for the genome analysis of the Pre-S1, Pre-S2, and S regions. The frequency of mutations in the S gene was significantly higher among those older than 50 years (mean 8.5 vs. 5.4 mutations per subject, p = 0.03). Twelve patients (50%) had mutations in the 'α' determinant region of the S gene. Mutations at amino acid position 126 were most common in eight subjects. Three had a mutation at position 133. Only one patient had a mutation at position 145-the classic vaccine-escape mutation. Despite the universal HBV vaccination program, the vaccine-escape mutant is rare in our cohort of predominantly Asian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukarram Jamat Ali
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (K.U.R.); (S.K.)
- Howard University Hospital, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Pir Ahmed Shah
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (K.U.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Khalil Ur Rehman
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (K.U.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Satinder Kaur
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (K.U.R.); (S.K.)
| | - Vera Holzmayer
- Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA; (V.H.); (G.A.C.); (M.C.K.)
| | - Gavin A. Cloherty
- Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA; (V.H.); (G.A.C.); (M.C.K.)
| | - Mary C. Kuhns
- Abbott Diagnostics Division, Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA; (V.H.); (G.A.C.); (M.C.K.)
| | - Daryl T. Y. Lau
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.J.A.); (P.A.S.); (K.U.R.); (S.K.)
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2
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Wang J, Huang YG, Zeng Y, Cai QZ, Wu M, Shen X, Tuo WB, Xie S, Ma X, Xiang Y, Yuan CH, Yao C. Epidemiological and clinical profile of pediatric hepatitis B virus infections in Wuhan: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Pediatr 2023; 23:636. [PMID: 38104124 PMCID: PMC10724974 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-023-04460-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a substantial public health safety concern drawing considerable attention in China and globally. The detection of HBV serological markers can enable the assessment of HBV infection and replication status in vivo and evaluate the body's protection against HBV. Therefore, this study aims to identify the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of HBV infection in children to prevent and control HBV infection in Wuhan areas. METHODS We conducted an extensive retrospective cohort analysis of 115,029 individuals aged 0-18 years who underwent HBV serological markers detection for HBV infection in hospital between 2018 and 2021 using Electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. We generated descriptive statistics and analysed HBV infection's epidemiological and clinical characteristics between different sex and age groups. RESULTS The overall positive detection rates of HBsAg, HBsAb, HBeAg, HBeAb, and HBcAb in all participants were 0.13%, 79.09%, 0.17%, 2.81%, and 5.82%, respectively. The positive rate of HBeAb and HBcAb in males was significantly lower than that in females (2.64% vs. 3.13%, 5.56% vs. 6.29%) (P < 0.05). Twenty-two distinct HBV serological expression patterns were revealed. Among them, 8 common expression patterns accounted for 99.63%, while the remaining 14 uncommon expression patterns were primarily observed in neonatal patients with HBV infection. There are no significant differences in serological patterns based on sex (P < 0.05). The overall HBV infection detection rate was 5.82% [range 5.68-5.95] and showed a declining yearly trend. The rate in females was higher than that in males 6.29% [6.05, 6.35] vs. 5.56% [5.39, 5.59]. The overall HBV diagnostic rate over 4 years was 0.20% [0.17, 0.22], and the rate declined yearly. The prevalence of acute infection was higher than that of other infection types before 2019, but the incidence of unclassified infection showed a significant upward trend after 2019. CONCLUSIONS While the overall HBV infection detection rate in children has decreased year by year, the infection rate remains high in children under one year and between 4 and 18 years. This continued prevalence warrants heightened attention and vigilance.
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Grants
- WZ22Q08, WX15Q37, WX16C14, WX21Q50 Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan Municipal Health Commission
- WZ22Q08, WX15Q37, WX16C14, WX21Q50 Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan Municipal Health Commission
- WZ22Q08, WX15Q37, WX16C14, WX21Q50 Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan Municipal Health Commission
- WZ22Q08, WX15Q37, WX16C14, WX21Q50 Natural Science Foundation of Wuhan Municipal Health Commission
- WJ2021M016 Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Municipal Health Commission
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yong-Guo Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Qin-Zhen Cai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Mo Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xin Shen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Bin Tuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Si Xie
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Yun Xiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China
| | - Chun-Hui Yuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China.
| | - Cong Yao
- Health Care Department, Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, 430016, Hubei, P.R. China.
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3
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Pondé RADA. Unusual serological profile in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection associated with a probable clinical case of acute exacerbation of pre-existing chronic HBV infection. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:6435-6443. [PMID: 37326752 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08546-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute or chronic HBV infection in an individual can be laboratory characterized according to the serological profile of the viral markers in the bloodstream, and the dynamics monitoring of these markers is necessary to assess the disorder course and the infection outcome. However, under certain circumstances unusual or atypical serological profiles may be observed in both acute and chronic HBV infection. They are considered as such because they do not properly characterize the form or infection clinical phase or because they seem inconsistent, considering the viral markers dynamics in both clinical contexts. This manuscript comprises the analysis of an unusual serological profile in HBV infection. METHODS AND RESULTS This clinical-laboratory study, had as reference a patient who presented clinical profile suggestive of acute HBV infection after recent exposure, whose laboratory data were initially compatible with this clinical presentation. However, the serological profile analysis and its monitoring demonstrated unusual pattern of viral markers expression, which has been observed in several clinical contexts, and is often associated a number of agent- or host-related factors. CONCLUSION The serological profile analyzed here, associated with the biochemical markers serum levels found, is indicative of active chronic infection, consequence of viral reactivation. This finding suggests that in the event of unusual serological profiles in HBV infection, if the influence of agent- or host-related factors is not properly considered and neither the viral markers dynamics properly analyzed, there may be mistake in the infection clinical diagnosis, especially when the patient's clinical and epidemiological history is unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robério Amorim de Almeida Pondé
- Secretaria de Estado da Saúde -SES/Superintendência de Vigilância em Saúde-SUVISA/GO, Gerência de Vigilância Epidemiológica de Doenças Transmissíveis-GVEDT/Coordenação de Análises e Pesquisas-CAP, Goiânia, Brazil.
- Laboratory of Human Virology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil.
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Shaver ZM, Anderson M, Bhebhe L, Baruti K, Chogaa WT, Ngidi J, Mbangiwa T, Taua M, Setlhare DR, Melamu P, Phinius BB, Musonda R, Mine M, Moyo S, Gaseitsiwe S. Decreased hepatitis B virus vaccine response among HIV-positive infants compared with HIV-negative infants in Botswana. AIDS 2022; 36:755-762. [PMID: 35113045 PMCID: PMC7614825 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0000000000003183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We sought to determine vaccine antibody titres and the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants born to HIV-positive mothers in Botswana. DESIGN This was a retrospective cross-sectional study using 449 archived dried blood spot samples from both HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants collected between 2016 and 2018. METHODS We screened dried blood spot samples for HBsAg and determined hepatitis B surface antibody titres. We determined hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes by amplifying 415 base-pairs of the surface region. RESULTS HIV-positive infants mounted a significantly lower immune response to the HBV vaccine (P < 0.001). Furthermore, a lower proportion of HIV-positive infants had protective hepatitis B surface antibody titres (74.5%) than HIV-negative infants (89.2%) (P < 0.001). HIV-positive infants were older and 50.9% of them had completed vaccination (P = 0.018). Of the 449 infant samples tested, three (0.67%) were positive for HBsAg. Of the three HBsAg-positive infants, two had protective titres (>10 mIU/ml). Two of the three HBV-positive infants were infected with genotype D3 and had no drug-resistance or escape mutations. CONCLUSION Vaccine response was lower among HIV-positive infants compared with HIV-negative infants. HBV infections were observed in both HIV-positive and HIV-negative infants in Botswana. Studies to investigate additional preventive strategies to reduce HBV mother-to-child transmission are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kabo Baruti
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone
- University of Botswana, Department of Biological Sciences, Gabarone, Botswana
| | - Wonderful T. Chogaa
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julia Ngidi
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone
- National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
| | | | - Modiri Taua
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone
- National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Ditiro R. Setlhare
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone
- National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Pinkie Melamu
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone
| | | | | | - Madisa Mine
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone
- National Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Sikhulile Moyo
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Simani Gaseitsiwe
- Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership, Gaborone
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Wang Y, Xiao X, Chen S, Huang C, Zhou J, Dai E, Li Y, Liu L, Huang X, Gao Z, Wu C, Fang M, Gao C. The Impact of HBV Quasispecies Features on Immune Status in HBsAg+/HBsAb+ Patients With HBV Genotype C Using Next-Generation Sequencing. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775461. [PMID: 34899733 PMCID: PMC8656693 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of the coexistence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb) serological pattern via intensive characterization of HBV s gene in both chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. Method A total of 73 HBsAg+/HBsAb+ patients (CHB = 36, HCC = 37) and 96 HBsAg+/HBsAb− patients (CHB = 47, HCC = 49) were enrolled from 13 medical centers in China. The sequence features were elaborated based on the combination of next-generation sequencing (NGS) and multidimensional bioinformatics analysis. Results The 16 high-frequency missense mutations, changes of stop codon mutation, clustering, and random forest models based on quasispecies features demonstrated the significant discrepancy power between HBsAg+/HBsAb+ and HBsAg+/HBsAb− in CHB and HCC, respectively. The immunogenicity for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope Se and antigenicity for the major hydrophilic region (MHR) were both reduced in HBsAg+/HBsAb+ patients (CTL Se: p < 0.0001; MHR: p = 0.0216). Different mutation patterns were observed between HBsAg+/HBsAb+ patients with CHB and with HCC. Especially, mutations in antigenic epitopes, such as I126S in CHB and I126T in HCC, could impact the conformational structure and alter the antigenicity/immunogenicity of HBsAg. Conclusion Based on NGS and bioinformatics analysis, this study indicates for the first time that point mutations and quasispecies diversities of HBV s gene could alter the MHR antigenicity and CTL Se immunogenicity and could contribute to the concurrent HBsAg+/HBsAb+ with different features in HCC and CHB. Our findings might renew the understanding of this special serological profile and benefit the clinical management in HBV-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shipeng Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenjun Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Erhei Dai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Lijuan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xianzhang Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuanyong Wu
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Fang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunfang Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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6
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Jiang X, Chang L, Yan Y, Wang L. Paradoxical HBsAg and anti-HBs coexistence among Chronic HBV Infections: Causes and Consequences. Int J Biol Sci 2021; 17:1125-1137. [PMID: 33867835 PMCID: PMC8040313 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.55724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) were reported simultaneously among Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections. HBsAg is a specific indicator of acute or chronic HBV infections, while anti-HBs is a protective antibody reflecting the recovery and immunity of hosts. HBsAg and anti-HBs coexist during seroconversion and then form immune complex, which is rare detected in clinical cases. However, with the promotion of vaccination and the application of various antiviral drugs, along with the rapid development of medical technology, the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs has become more prevalent. Mutations in the viral genomes, immune status and genetic factors of hosts may contribute to the coexistence. Novel HBsAg assays, with higher sensitivity and ability to detect mutations or immune complexes, can also yield HBsAg/anti-HBs coexistence. The discovery of coexistence has shattered the idea of traditional serological patterns and raised questions about the effectiveness of vaccines. Worth noting is that HBsAg/anti-HBs double positivity is strongly associated with progressive liver diseases, especially hepatocellular carcinoma. In conclusion, viral mutations, host factors, and methodology impacts can all lead to the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. This coexistence is not an indicator of improvement, as an increased risk of adverse clinical outcomes still exists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Jiang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Le Chang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Ying Yan
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Lunan Wang
- National Center for Clinical Laboratories, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology; Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China.,Beijing Engineering Research Center of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Hospital, P.R. China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, P.R. China
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7
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Hou W, Huo Z, Du Y, Wang C, Syn WK. Characteristics of amino acid substitutions within the "a" determinant region of hepatitis B virus in chronically infected patients with coexisting HBsAg and anti-HBs. Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol 2020; 44:923-931. [PMID: 31624004 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinre.2019.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Simultaneous positivity for both hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibodies to HBsAg (anti-HBs) is an atypical serological profile in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients. The exact mechanisms underlying the uncommon profile remains unclear. The aim of this study was to analyze the characteristics of amino acid substitutions within the "a" determinant region in a large cohort of CHB patients with coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. METHODS In total 8687 CHB patients, of which 505 had coexisting HBsAg and anti-HBs, were enrolled in this study. Mutations within the "a" determinant region in 131 HBsAg+/anti-HBs+ patients and 150 age and gender matched HBsAg+/anti-HBs- patients were determined by direct sequencing and the characteristics of amino acid substitutions were analyzed. RESULTS The prevalence of coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs in the CHB patients was 5.81%. Compared to the control subjects, there were more amino acid substitutions in HBsAg+/anti-HBs+ patients (30.5% vs. 12.7%, P<0.001), especially within the first loop of the "a" determinant region. The most frequent amino acid substitution was located at position s126 and the predominant substitution was sI126T in HBsAg+/anti-HBs+ patients with genotype C. The frequency of additional N-glycosylation sites in HBsAg+/anti-HBs+ patients and the control subjects was 3.8% and 0.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation and diversity of amino acid variations within "a" determinant region might contribute to the coexistence of HBsAg and anti-HBs. These findings extend understanding of the genetic mechanism of this atypical serological profile in CHB patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Hou
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
| | - Zhixiao Huo
- Tianjin Second People's Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Hepatology, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanan Du
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Cindy Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Wing-Kin Syn
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Section of Gastroenterology, Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Nursing, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Spain.
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8
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Lee WM, King WC, Schwarz KB, Rule J, Lok ASF. Prevalence and clinical features of patients with concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBs: Evaluation of the hepatitis B research network cohort. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:922-931. [PMID: 32364641 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBs in plasma of persons with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is variable and its clinical significance enigmatic. We examined the prevalence and clinical and virological features of concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBs in children and adults with chronic HBV infection living in North America. A total of 1462 HBsAg positive participants in the Hepatitis B Research Network paediatric and adult cohorts were included (median age 41 (range 4-80) years, 48% female, 11% white, 13% black, 73% Asians). Only 18 (1.2%) were found to be anti-HBs positive (≥10 mIU/mL) at initial study evaluation. Distributions of sex, race, HBV genotype and ALT were similar between participants with and without concurrent anti-HBs. Those who were anti-HBs positive appeared to be older (median age 50 vs 41 years, P = .06), have lower platelet counts (median 197 vs 222 × 103/mm3 , P = .07) and have higher prevalence of HBeAg (44% vs 26%, P = .10). They also had lower HBsAg levels (median 2.0 vs 3.5 log10 IU/mL, P = .02). Testing of follow-up samples after a median of 4 years (range 1-6) in 12 of the 18 participants with initial concurrent anti-HBs showed anti-HBs became undetectable in 6, decreased to <10 mIU/mL in 1 and remained positive in 5 participants. Two patients lost HBsAg during follow-up. In conclusion, prevalence of concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBs was low at 1.2%, with anti-HBs disappearing in some during follow-up, in this large cohort of racially diverse children and adults with chronic HBV infection living in North America. Presence of concurrent HBsAg and anti-HBs did not identify a specific phenotype of chronic hepatitis B, nor did it appear to affect clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Lee
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Wendy C King
- Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen B Schwarz
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jody Rule
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Anna S F Lok
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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9
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Ye H, Teng J, Lin Z, Wang Y, Fu X. Analysis of HBsAg mutations in the 25 years after the implementation of the hepatitis B vaccination plan in China. Virus Genes 2020; 56:546-556. [PMID: 32542478 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-020-01773-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Since 1992, China has promoted hepatitis B vaccination. Concurrently, during this period, increasing use of immunoglobulins and nucleoside analogues might have exerted selective pressure on the hepatitis B virus (HBV) S gene, driving mutations in the HBsAg and changed the subtype. Using the National Center for Biotechnology Information database, we obtained gene sequence information for HBV strains from China and analysed changes in HBsAg subtypes and substitution mutations in HBsAg in 5-year intervals over 25 years to identify potential challenges to the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B. Most HBV sequences from China were genotype C (1996/2833, 70.46%) or B (706/2833, 24.92%). During the implementation of hepatitis B vaccination (recombinant hepatitis B vaccine was subgenotype A2 and HBsAg subtype adw2), the proportion of subtypes ayw1 and adw3 in genotype B and ayw2 in genotype C increased over the programme period. The overall mutation rate in HBsAg tended to decrease for genotype B, whereas, for genotype C, the rate increased gradually and then decreased slightly. Moreover, the mutation rate at some HBsAg amino acid sites (such as sG145 of genotype B and sG130 and sK141 of genotype C) is gradually increasing. HBV strains with internal stop codons of HBsAg (e.g., sC69*) and additional N-glycosylation (e.g., sG130N) mutations should be studied extensively to prevent them from becoming dominant circulating strains. The development of HBV vaccines and antiviral immunoglobulins and use of antiviral drugs may require making corresponding changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiming Ye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 10 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Jing Teng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1739 Xianyue Road, Xiamen, 361009, Fujian Province, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1739 Xianyue Road, Xiamen, 361009, Fujian Province, China
| | - Ye Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 10 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China
| | - Xiaochun Fu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xiamen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1739 Xianyue Road, Xiamen, 361009, Fujian Province, China. .,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, No. 10 Zhenhai Road, Xiamen, 361003, Fujian Province, China.
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10
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Fan M, Wang J, Wang S, Li T, Pan H, Liu H, Xu H, Zhernakova DV, O'Brien SJ, Feng Z, Chang L, Dai E, Lu J, Xi H, Yu Y, Zhang J, Wang B, Zeng Z. New Gene Variants Associated with the Risk of Chronic HBV Infection. Virol Sin 2020; 35:378-387. [PMID: 32297155 DOI: 10.1007/s12250-020-00200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Some patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection failed to clear HBV, even persistently continue to produce antibodies to HBV. Here we performed a two stage genome wide association study in a cohort of Chinese patients designed to discover single nucleotide variants that associate with HBV infection and clearance of HBV. The first stage involved genome wide exome sequencing of 101 cases (HBsAg plus anti-HBs positive) compared with 102 control patients (anti-HBs positive, HBsAg negative). Over 80% of individual sequences displayed 20 × sequence coverage. Adapters, uncertain bases > 10% or low-quality base calls (> 50%) were filtered and compared to the human reference genome hg19. In the second stage, 579 chronic HBV infected cases and 439 HBV clearance controls were sequenced with selected genes from the first stage. Although there were no significant associated gene variants in the first stage, two significant gene associations were discovered when the two stages were assessed in a combined analysis. One association showed rs506121-"T" allele [within the dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) gene] was higher in chronic HBV infection group than that in clearance group (P = 0.002, OR = 0.77, 95% CI [0.65, 0.91]). The second association involved rs2071676-A allele within the Carbonic anhydrase (CA9) gene that was significantly elevated in chronic HBV infection group compared to the clearance group (P = 0.0003, OR = 1.35, 95% CI [1.15, 1.58]). Upon replication these gene associations would suggest the influence of DOCK8 and CA9 as potential risk genetic factors in the persistence of HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Development Biology, School of Medical Basic, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.,Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Sa Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Tengyan Li
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hong Pan
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Hankui Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Huifang Xu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.,BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Daria V Zhernakova
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Computer Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197101
| | - Stephen J O'Brien
- Laboratory of Genomic Diversity, Center for Computer Technologies, ITMO University, St. Petersburg, Russia, 197101.,Guy Harvey Oceanographic Center, Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography, Nova Southeastern University, Ft Lauderdale, FL, 33004, USA
| | - Zhenru Feng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Le Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Erhei Dai
- The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Jianhua Lu
- The Fifth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, 050024, China
| | - Hongli Xi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Yanyan Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China
| | - Jianguo Zhang
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China. .,BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
| | - Binbin Wang
- Center for Genetics, National Research Institute for Family Planning, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Zheng Zeng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, 100034, China.
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11
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Ou Q, Guo J, Zeng Y, Chen H. Insights for clinical diagnostic indicators of virus and host in chronic hepatitis B infection. J Viral Hepat 2020; 27:224-232. [PMID: 31954089 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA), which is stably present in the nucleus of hepatocytes, is an important indicator for evaluating antiviral efficacy. Since cccDNA quantification requires an invasive procedure, serum biological markers that can effectively reflect the transcriptional activity of intrahepatic virus and the efficacy of treatment are required. Here, from the aspects of virus and host, we outline the focus of clinical research of HBV in recent years, including HBV RNA, empty virus, hepatitis B core-related antigen and changes in the immune response. We briefly discuss their significance in predicting disease activity and monitoring treatment response in chronic hepatitis B. On this basis, some issues worthy of attention in laboratory diagnosis are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qishui Ou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianhui Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongbin Zeng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huijuan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,The Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,First Clinical College, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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12
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Jin ZZ, Jin FF, Liu X, Liu N, Wen F, Lou JL. Coexistence of low levels of HBsAg and high levels of anti-HBs may increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients with high HBV load. Braz J Infect Dis 2019; 23:343-351. [PMID: 31542378 PMCID: PMC9427988 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The clinical significance of coexistence of HBsAg/anti-HBs in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients remains controversial. This study was aimed to assess the association of this serological pattern with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with CHB. METHODS In this cross-section study, 206 CHB patients with coexistence of HBsAg/anti-HBs and 206 CHB patients with HBsAg alone were included to evaluate the risk of HCC development by logistic regression analysis. In addition, a retrospective cohort of 260 patients with CHB was recruited to estimate the cumulative incidence of HCC by Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS The serological pattern of coexistence of HBsAg/anti-HBs, with high levels of ("High") HBsAg/low levels of ("Low") anti-HBs, were considered as independent risk factors for HCC. In particular, patients with "High" HBsAg/"High" anti-HBs [odds ratio (OR), 4.295; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.104-16.699; p = 0.035] and "Low" HBsAg/ "High" anti-HBs (OR, 3.207; 95%CI, 1.299-7.919; p = 0.012) exhibited significantly higher risk for HCC development. However, only "Low" HBsAg /"High" anti-HBs might increase risk of HCC in CHB patients with high HBV load (logrank p < 0.001) in our cohort study. CONCLUSION The coexistence of "Low" HBsAg /"High" anti-HBs might increase the risk of HCC development in CHB patients with high HBV load, which reflected that the long-term interaction between immune response and virus might lead to the development of HCC. The identification of the patients with poor prognosis will help clinicians to refine the therapeutic decisions and individualize follow-up strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Zheng Jin
- Capital Medical University, Beijing You an Hospital, Center for clinical laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fang Jin
- Capital Medical University, Beijing You an Hospital, Center for clinical laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Liu
- Capital Medical University, Beijing You an Hospital, Center for clinical laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Liu
- Capital Medical University, Beijing You an Hospital, Center for clinical laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Wen
- Capital Medical University, Beijing You an Hospital, Center for clinical laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Li Lou
- Capital Medical University, Beijing You an Hospital, Center for clinical laboratory, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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