1
|
Kohmer N, Rabenau HF, Rilling V, Ciesek S, Enders M, Eggers M. Polio type 2 and 3 eradication: Relevance to the immunity status of individuals living in Germany, 2005-2020. J Clin Virol 2023; 164:105471. [PMID: 37130476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2023.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Since October 2019, poliovirus type 3 (PV3) has been certified as globally eradicated, and further laboratory use of PV3 will be restricted according to the WHO Polio Eradication Initiative and containment measures. To examine a possible gap in PV3 immunity and a lack of immunity against poliovirus type 2 (PV2), which was already declared as eradicated in 2015, neutralising antibodies against polioviruses (PV) of individuals living in Germany (n = 91,530 samples; mainly outpatients (≈90%) who received immune status testing) were investigated from 2005 to 2020 (age distribution: <18 years 15.8%, 18-64 years 71.2% and ≥65 years 9.5% for 2005-2015; <18 years 19.6%, 18-64 years 67% and ≥65 years 11.5% for 2016-2020). The results showed that the proportion of sera exclusively lacking antibodies against PV3 was 10.6% in 2005-2015 and 9.6% in 2016-2020 and against PV2 2.8% in 2005-2015. As there is decreased protection against PV3 and to detect potential antigenically (immune escape) variant PVs not covered by used vaccines, we recommend continued testing of PV1 and PV3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niko Kohmer
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Holger F Rabenau
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Veronika Rilling
- Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders MVZ GbR, 70193, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany; German Centre for Infection Research, External Partner Site, 60323, Frankfurt, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Martin Enders
- Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders MVZ GbR, 70193, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Maren Eggers
- Laboratory Prof. Gisela Enders MVZ GbR, 70193, Stuttgart, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
High-throughput analysis of anti-poliovirus neutralization antibody titre in human serum by the pseudovirus neutralization test. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16074. [PMID: 36167892 PMCID: PMC9514167 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20544-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
To monitor vulnerability of countries to poliovirus (PV) outbreaks, serosurveillance of anti-PV neutralization antibody is conducted by conventional PV neutralization test (cPNT), which uses live PV strains. We previously developed a pseudovirus PV neutralization test (pPNT) as an alternative to cPNT, which uses PV pseudovirus that expresses luciferase as a reporter in the infection without producing infectious PV. In the present study, we established a high-throughput pPNT (HTpPNT) for a large-scale serosurveillance. The HTpPNT system was evaluated with 600 human serum samples obtained from a broad range of age groups of healthy volunteers (ages of 0–89 years). HTpPNT showed high correlation with cPNT (R2 for anti-type 1, 2, and 3 PV neutralization antibody titres are 0.90, 0.84, and 0.90, respectively). By using HTpPNT, we analyzed relative neutralizing antibody titre of the sera against a type 1 PV wild-type strain (Mahoney strain) to that against the type 1 Sabin strain. As a result, a correlation between the age (≥ 60 years) and the relative neutralizing antibody titre was observed (n = 15–16, P = 0.0000023–0.041), while the types of PV vaccine (i.e., oral PV vaccine and Sabin strain-based IPV) had no effect. HTpPNT would serve as a useful alternative to cPNT in a large-scale serosurveillance.
Collapse
|
3
|
Liu S, Lu W, Ma S, Guo H, Zhang Z, Li X. Comparison of the neutralizing activities of antibodies in clinical sera against both Sabin and wild-type polio pseudoviruses. J Virol Methods 2021; 300:114376. [PMID: 34826519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cost-effectiveness of the Sabin inactivated poliovirus vaccine derived from the Sabin strains (S-IPV) and its reduced biosecurity risks during its manufacture make it the vaccine of choice over the IPVs derived from wild-type polioviruses. However, it is difficult to evaluate whether S-IPVs can achieve wild-type poliovirus containment in China, making its development there less attractive. To facilitate the development and adoption of S-IPVs in China, the aim of this study was to develop an alternative neutralizing assay using either a polio pseudovirus derived from a Sabin strain (S-pNA) or one derived from a wild-type strain (w-pNA) to replace the conventional neutralizing assay which uses live polioviruses. A total of 100 sera were collected from children immunized with an oral poliovirus vaccine and their antibody titers were assessed by both the S-pNA and w-pNA. The results showed that this method was feasible for the quantification of neutralizing antibody activities in the sera of the vaccinated individuals. The Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test indicated that the neutralizing antibody titers obtained against the Sabin strains were higher than those obtained with the wild-type strains for types 1 and 3, while for type 2, the titers against the wild-type strains were higher than those against the Sabin strains (p < 0.001 for all three types). It is hoped that this assay could be used to assess whether immune sera by the S-IPV possess adequate neutralizing capacity against both attenuated and wild-type poliovirus strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Liu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shuhua Ma
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Guo
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Xiuling Li
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China; Shanghai Institute of Biological Products Co. LTD, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bai H, Liu S, Shi S, Lu W, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Guo H, Li X. Identification of the epitope in human poliovirus type 1 Sabin strain recognized by the monoclonal antibody 1G10 using mimotope strategy. J Virol Methods 2019; 276:113791. [PMID: 31778678 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2019.113791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Following the recommended use of the inactivated poliovirus vaccine from Sabin strains (sIPV) by the WHO, a D antigen-specific neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) 1G10 that recognized the human poliovirus type 1 Sabin strain (PV-I Sabin) was produced for D-antigen potency evaluation on sIPV. Study of the mAb 1G10 showed that it recognized a discontinuous conformational epitope of PV-I Sabin antigen. To identify this epitope quickly, easily and cost-effectively, clues to the epitope's identity were first obtained by employing a novel mimotope strategy based on a phage display library and "in silico" prediction. Then, the conformation of the epitope region, including the amino acid sequence, neutralizing sites, and location of this epitope, was identified using several classic epitope-mapping methods such as synthesized peptides analysis, neutralization assay and site-directed mutagenesis. The mimotope strategy may offer some guidance for achieving epitope identification in a more feasible and effective way. This mAb could be used in an in-house or national and international standard IPV D-antigen potency ELISA kit in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Han Bai
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shaohua Liu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Shenghe Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Capital International Airport Hospital, China
| | - Weiwei Lu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yunkai Zhu
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | | | - Huijie Guo
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuling Li
- National Vaccine & Serum Institute, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Arita M, Iwai-Itamochi M. Evaluation of antigenic differences between wild and Sabin vaccine strains of poliovirus using the pseudovirus neutralization test. Sci Rep 2019; 9:11970. [PMID: 31427704 PMCID: PMC6700111 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48534-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the endgame of global polio eradication, serosurveillance is essential to monitor each country's vulnerability to poliomyelitis outbreaks. Previously, we developed pseudovirus poliovirus (PV) neutralization test (pPNT) with type 1, 2, and 3 PV pseudovirus (PVpv), which possess a luciferase-encoding PV replicon in the capsids of wild-type strains (PVpv[WT]), showing that pPNT with type 2 and 3 PVpv(WT) but not type 1 shows high correlation with the conventional PV neutralization test (cPNT) performed with vaccine strains. Here, we analyse the antigenicity of PVpv(WT) and PVpv with capsid proteins of Sabin vaccine strains (PVpv[Sabin]) in human serum. Type 2 and 3 PVpv(WT) and PVpv(Sabin) show similar antigenicity in the analysed set of human sera in contrast to type 1 PVpv. The levels of PVpv(Sabin) infection (%), including about 70% of PVpv infection (%) measured in the presence of human serum diluted to the cPNT titre, serve as the optimal threshold values for pPNT (5% for type 1 and 2, 10% for type 3) to show high correlation with cPNT results. Our results suggest that pPNT with PVpv(Sabin) could serve as an alternative to cPNT and provide a rationale for pPNT threshold values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minetaro Arita
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 4-7-1 Gakuen, Musashimurayama-shi, Tokyo, 208-0011, Japan.
| | - Masae Iwai-Itamochi
- Department of Virology, Toyama Institute of Health, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu-shi, Toyama, 939-0363, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Farcet MR, Modrof J, Rabel PO, Schirmer A, Macadam AJ, Fox H, Minor PD, Kreil TR. Continued use of poliovirus after eradication: hyper‐attenuated strains as a safe alternative for release testing of human immunoglobulins. Transfusion 2018; 58 Suppl 3:3084-3089. [DOI: 10.1111/trf.15048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Andrew J. Macadam
- Division of Virology National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Hertfordshire UK
| | - Helen Fox
- Division of Virology National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Hertfordshire UK
| | - Philip D. Minor
- Division of Virology National Institute for Biological Standards and Control Hertfordshire UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jiang Z, Liu G, Guo-Yang L, Sun M, Xu K, Ying Z, Wang J, Li X, Li C. A simple and safe antibody neutralization assay based on polio pseudoviruses. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:349-357. [PMID: 30273512 PMCID: PMC6422504 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1526553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the immunogenicity of Sabin strain based Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccines (sIPV) necessitates the use of wild strains in neutralization assays to assess the potential cross-reactivity of antibodies. The live virus strains including wild and Sabin strains must be handled in level 3 biocontainment laboratories. To develop an alternative assay without the use of a live virus, we constructed Mahoney, MEF-1, and Saukett pseudovirions by inserting luciferase reporter genes into intact capsid proteins. Afterward, we developed a pseudovirus-based neutralization test (pNT) and evaluated for the specificity and reproducibility. We tested serum samples from a clinical trial on sIPV vaccines by pNT and compared the results with those obtained from conventional neutralization tests (cNT). A strong correlation was observed between two methods, with the correlation coefficients of all three types of IPV vaccines being greater than 0.82 (p < 0.0001). The Geometric Mean Titer (GMT) values obtained by pNT were approximately four times higher than that by cNT, revealing the better sensitivity of pNT. In conclusion, pNT is a safe, rapid and sensitive quantitative assay with the potential of being an alternative for the evaluation of the potency of polio vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Jiang
- a National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals , Beijing , China
| | - Guixiu Liu
- a National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals , Beijing , China
| | - Liao Guo-Yang
- b Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Mingbo Sun
- b Institute of Medical Biology , Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College , Kunming , Yunnan , China
| | - Kangwei Xu
- a National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals , Beijing , China
| | - Zhifang Ying
- a National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals , Beijing , China
| | - Jianfeng Wang
- a National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals , Beijing , China
| | - Xuguang Li
- c Center for Biologics Evaluation, Biologics and Genetic Therapies Directorate , Health Canada and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation , Ottawa , Canada
| | - Changgui Li
- a National Institutes for Food and Drug Control and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals , Beijing , China
| |
Collapse
|